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1.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 100(31): e26744, 2021 Aug 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34397815

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Cured leprosy patients have special physical conditions, which could pose challenges for safety and immunogenicity after immunization. We performed an observational clinical study aimed to identify the safety and immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in cured leprosy patients. A total of 65 participants from a leprosarium were recruited into leprosy cured group or control group, and received a 0.5 ml dose of the inactivated split-virion trivalent influenza vaccine and a follow-up 28 days proactive observation of any adverse events. Hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition test was performed to evaluate serum antibody titer, flow cytometry was conducted to screen of cytokines level. The total rate of reactogenicity was 0.0% [0/41] in leprosy cured group and 37.5% [9/24] in control group. The seroconversion rate for H1N1 was difference between leprosy cured group and control group (41.83% vs 79.17%, P = .0082), but not for H3N2 (34.25% vs 50.00%, P = .4468). At day 0, leprosy cured group have relatively high concentration of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor, interferon-γ, and interleukin-17 compared to control group. The interleukin-2 concentration increased 2 weeks after vaccination compared to pre-vaccination in leprosy cured group, but declined in control group (0.92 pg/ml vs -0.02 pg/ml, P = .0147). Leprosy cured group showed a more rapid down-regulation of interleukin-6 when influenza virus was challenged compared to control group (-144.38 pg/ml vs -11.52 pg/ml, P < .0001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the immunization administration declined interleukin-17 concentration in Tuberculoid type subgroup, but not in Lepromatous type subgroup or control group. Clinically cured leprosy patients are relatively safe for influenza vaccine. Leprosy cured patient have immune deficit in producing antibody. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 were 2 sensitive indicators in immune response for leprosy affected patients. The identification of indicators might be help management of leprosy and used as predictive markers in leprosy early symptom monitoring.


Subject(s)
Immunity/drug effects , Immunogenicity, Vaccine , Influenza Vaccines/standards , Leprosy/drug therapy , Antibody Formation/drug effects , Humans , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology , Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/drug effects , Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology , Influenza Vaccines/adverse effects , Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use , Leprosy/immunology , Mycobacterium/drug effects , Mycobacterium/pathogenicity , Mycobacterium leprae/drug effects , Mycobacterium leprae/pathogenicity
2.
Transl Pediatr ; 10(12): 3248-3260, 2021 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35070839

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: If acute diarrhea in children is not treated promptly and effectively, it can lead to severe dehydration and serious sequelae. Due to the imbalance of intestinal bacteria in children with acute diarrhea, the supplementation with probiotics is important, which can improve the intestinal microenvironment, promote immunity, and enhance resistance. This meta-analysis provides further evidence and discussion of the therapeutic effect of probiotics on acute diarrhea in children. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched by rapid matching. The input keywords were as follows: (probiotics/synbiotics) and (child/children) and (acute diarrhea/acute gastroenteritis). Articles reporting on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of probiotics in treating acute diarrhea in children were retrieved. The studies were published from 2010 to 2020. After screening and quality evaluation, Stata 16.0 software was used for the analysis. RESULTS: Twelve articles with 744 patients were included in the study, and the overall quality of the articles was excellent. Meta-analysis showed that the duration of diarrhea in the probiotics group was shorter than that in the control group [standard mean difference (SMD) =-0.74, 95% CI: -1.11 to -0.37, Z=-3.935, P=0.000], the 2-day treatment efficacy for diarrhea in the probiotics group was greater than that in the control group [odds ratio (OR) =2.12, 95% CI: 1.47-3.05, Z=3.998, P=0.000], and the length of hospital stay in the probiotics group was shorter than that of the control group (SMD =-0.60, 95% CI: -0.74 to -0.47, Z=-8.781, P=0.000). In the subgroup analysis, combined probiotics shortened the duration of diarrhea compared with single probiotic use, and Lactobacillus reuteri and Saccharomyces boulardii had a better therapeutic effect than Lactobacillus rhamnosus or Lactobacillus acidophilus. DISCUSSION: In the treatment of acute diarrhea in children, the addition of probiotics can shorten the duration of diarrhea, increase treatment efficacy after 2 days of treatment, and shorten the length of hospital stay. However, because of possible publication bias in the current study, further high-quality RCT studies in clinical settings are needed to verify the current results and continue the exploration of this topic.

3.
BMC Neurol ; 20(1): 356, 2020 Sep 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32967628

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the discovery of eosinophilic hyaline intranuclear inclusions in the central and peripheral nervous systems and visceral organs. In this paper, we report a case of an adult-onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease presenting with mental abnormality in China. CASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old woman presented with mental abnormality and forgetfulness for 3 months before she was admitted to our hospital. There were prodromal symptoms of fever before she had the mental disorder. Encephalitis was first suspected, and the patient underwent lumbar puncture and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination indicated normal pressure, a normal white blood cell count, and slightly elevated protein and glucose levels. Coxsackie B virus, enterovirus, and cytomegalovirus tests showed normal results. Bacterial culture and Cryptococcus neoformans test results were negative. The contrast-enhanced MRI of the brain was normal. The brain diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) showed a symmetrically distributed strip-shaped hyperintensity signal of the corticomedullary junction in the bilateral frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. We considered the diagnosis of the NIID, and therefore, skin biopsy was performed. The electron microscopy revealed that intranuclear inclusions in the nucleus of fibrocytes existed and were composed of filaments. CONCLUSIONS: NIID is a rare neurodegenerative disease with diverse clinical manifestations. In clinical work, when a patient presents with abnormal mental behavior and exhibits hyperintensity signals on DWI images of the corticomedullary junction, it is crucial to consider the diagnosis of NIID.


Subject(s)
Cognition Disorders/etiology , Neurodegenerative Diseases/complications , Neurodegenerative Diseases/diagnosis , China , Female , Humans , Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies/pathology , Middle Aged , Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology
4.
Front Neurol ; 10: 938, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31551907

ABSTRACT

Exophiala dermatitidis, a dematiaceous fungus typically found in decaying organic matter worldwide, is a rare cause of fungal infections. Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is a sporadic but often fatal infection of the brain caused by E. dermatitidis. However, due to limited reports, little is known about its specific predisposing factors, clinical manifestation, and optimal treatment modality. Here, we report a clinical presentation and management of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in a Chinese patient. An otherwise healthy, young male who was diagnosed with neck fungal lymphadenitis caused by E. dermatitidis 7 months prior and was treated with itraconazole, presented later with progressive intracranial hypertension and persistent coma. Culture of the neck lymphoid tissue produced growth of a black yeast-like fungus, which was identified as E. dermatitidis by sequencing of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) domains. Accordingly, a cerebral biopsy was performed, and the pathological report showed mycelia and fungal granulomas. We also sequenced CARD9 in the patient and found him to be homozygous for loss-of-function mutation; his parents were heterozygous for the same mutation. This is a first case report of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by E. dermatitidis in a CARD9-deficient Chinese patient. He eventually succumbed to brain herniation and severe lung infection with a poor response to therapy. Thus, previously healthy patients with unexplained invasive E. dermatitidis infection, at any age, should be tested for inherited CARD9 deficiency.

5.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 105: 518-525, 2018 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29883947

ABSTRACT

As the first line of defense in the nervous system, resident microglia are the predominant immune cells in the brain. In diseases of the central nervous system such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, they often cause inflammation or phagocytosis; however, some studies have found that despite the current controversy over M1, M2 polarization could be beneficial. Ischemic stroke is the third most common cause of death in humans. Patients who survive an ischemic stroke might experience a clear decline in their quality of life, owing to conditions such as hemiplegic paralysis and aphasia. After stroke, the activated microglia become a double-edged sword, with distinct phenotypic changes to the deleterious M1 and neuroprotective M2 types. Therefore, methods for promoting the differentiation of microglia into the M2 polarized form to alleviate harmful reactions after stroke have become a topic of interest in recent years. Subsequently, the discovery of new drugs related to M2 polarization has enabled the realization of targeted therapies. In the present review, we discussed the neuroprotective effects of microglia M2 polarization and the potential mechanisms and drugs by which microglia can be transformed into the M2 polarized type after stroke.


Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia/pathology , Brain Ischemia/therapy , Cell Polarity , Microglia/pathology , Stroke/pathology , Stroke/therapy , Animals , Brain Ischemia/complications , Cell Differentiation , Humans , Phenotype , Stroke/complications
6.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 6651, 2018 Apr 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29691475

ABSTRACT

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

7.
Sci Rep ; 7(1): 16256, 2017 11 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29176727

ABSTRACT

Previous studies on the association between thyroid hormones and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) reported conflicting results. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the prognostic value of thyroid hormones in AIS. The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases were searched through May 12, 2017 to identify eligible studies on this subject. Out of 2,181 studies retrieved, 11 studies were finally included with a total number of 3,936 acute stroke patients for analysis. Odds ratio (OR) for predicting poor outcome or standardized mean difference (SMD) of thyroid hormone levels with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) obtained from the studies were pooled using Review Manager 5.3. From the results, in AIS, patients with a poor outcome had lower levels of triiodothyronine (T3) and higher thyroxine (T4). Pooled OR confirmed the same association. Our study provides statistical evidence supporting the utility of thyroid hormone levels in prognosis of acute stroke.


Subject(s)
Stroke/blood , Stroke/pathology , Thyroid Hormones/blood , Animals , Brain Ischemia/blood , Brain Ischemia/pathology , Humans , Odds Ratio , Thyrotropin/blood , Thyroxine/blood
8.
J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci ; 35(1): 54-57, 2015 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25673193

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to observe the expression of LINGO-1 after cerebral ischemia, investigate the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on the expression of LINGO-1 and GAP-43, and the number of synapses, and to emplore the repressive effect of LINGO-1 on neural regeneration after cerebral ischemia. The model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia was established by the modified suture method of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The expression of LINGO-1 was detected by Western blotting and that of GAP-43 by immunohistochemistry. The number of synapses was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The SD rats were divided into three groups: sham operation (sham) group, cerebral ischemia (CI) group and RA treatment (RA) group. The results showed that the expression level of LINGO-1 at 7th day after MCAO in sham, CI and RA groups was 0.266 ± 0.019, 1.215 ± 0.063 and 0.702 ± 0.081, respectively (P<0.01). The number of Gap-43-positive nerve cells at 7th day after MCAO in sham, CI and RA group was 0, 59.08 ± 1.76 and 76.20 ± 3.12 per high power field, respectively (P<0.05). The number of synapses at 7th day after MCAO was 8.42 ± 0.13, 1.74 ± 0.37 and 5.39 ± 0.26 per µm², respectively (P<0.05). It is concluded that LINGO-1 expression is up-regulated after cerebral ischemia, and RA inhibits the expression of LINGO-1, promotes the expression of GAP-43 and increases the number of synapses. It suggests that LINGO-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia, which may provide an experimenal basis for LINGO-1 antogonist, RA, for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.


Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia/metabolism , Gene Expression/drug effects , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics , Tretinoin/pharmacology , Animals , Blotting, Western , GAP-43 Protein/genetics , GAP-43 Protein/metabolism , Male , Neurons/drug effects , Neurons/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
9.
Gene ; 549(1): 123-33, 2014 Oct 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25058695

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are members of the NAD(P)(+)-dependent protein superfamily which catalyzes aliphatic and aromatic aldehyde oxidation to non-toxic carboxylic acids. ALDH genes may offer promise for improving plant adaptation to environmental stress. Recently, elucidated genome sequences of Gossypium raimondii provide a foundation for systematic identification and analysis of ALDH genes. To date, this has been accomplished for many plant species except G. raimondii. RESULTS: In this study, thirty unique ALDH sequences that code for 10 ALDH families were identified in the G. raimondii genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ALDHs were split into six clades in G. raimondii, and ALDH proteins from the same families were clustered together. Phylogenetic relationships of ALDHs from 11 plant species suggest that ALDHs in G. raimondii shared the highest protein homology with ALDHs from poplar. Members within ALDH families possessed homologous exon-intron structures. Chromosomal distribution of ALDH did not occur evenly in the G. raimondii genome and many ALDH genes were involved in the syntenic region as documented by identification of physical locations among single chromosomes. In addition, syntenic analysis revealed that homologues of many G. raimondii ALDHs appeared in corresponding Arabidopsis and poplar syntenic blocks, indicating that these genes arose prior to G. raimondii, Arabidopsis and poplar speciation. Finally, based on gene expression analysis of microarray and RNA-seq, we can speculate that some G. raimondii ALDH genes might respond to drought or waterlogging stresses. CONCLUSION: Genome-wide identification and analysis of the evolution and expression of ALDH genes in G. raimondii laid a foundation for studying this gene superfamily and offers new insights into the evolution history and speculated roles in Gossypium. These data can be used to inform functional genomic studies and molecular breeding in cotton.


Subject(s)
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase/genetics , Gossypium/enzymology , Multigene Family , Plant Proteins/genetics , Chromosomes, Plant , Evolution, Molecular , Gene Duplication , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Order , Genes, Plant , Genome, Plant , Gossypium/classification , Gossypium/genetics , Gossypium/physiology , Phylogeny , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , Stress, Physiological , Synteny
10.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 90(23): 1642-4, 2010 Jun 15.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20979757

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) on the damage of blood-brain barrier, and the intervention of the compounded vitamin in rat. METHODS: 54 normal male SD rats were randomly distributed into three groups: (1) Control group; (2) Model group; and (3) Intervention group. The level of plasma Hcy was detected with high performance liquid chromatography. The content of Evans Blue leaked out brain tissue was measured by colorimetry. The transcription of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mRNA was evaluated by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The level of plasma Hcy, and the content of Evans Blue leaked out brain tissue and the expression of MMP-2 mRNA of model group were 32.2 +/- 1.3, 6.67 +/- 0.54, 0.372 +/- 0.088 respectively,all significantly higher than those of the control group (12. 4 +/- 0. 9, 3.32 +/- 0.56, 0.035 +/- 0. 21, all P < 0.01). The level of plasma Hcy, and the content of Evans Blue leaked out brain tissue and the expression of MMP-2 mRNA of the intervention group was significantly lower than those of the model group (12.5 +/- 1.4 vs 32.2 +/- 1.3, 3.42 +/- 0.45 vs 6.67 +/- 0.54, 0.118 +/- 0.052 vs 0.372 +/- 0.088, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate Hcy could increase the permeability of blood-brain barrier, the mechanism may be activating the transcription of MMP-2 in rats. The compounded vitamin has a protective effect on blood-brain barrier via lowering the level of plasma Hcy.


Subject(s)
Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects , Homocysteine/blood , Vitamins/pharmacology , Animals , Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism , Male , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
11.
J Virol Methods ; 153(1): 55-60, 2008 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18611411

ABSTRACT

A one-step real-time RT-PCR assay (rRT-PCR) was developed for efficient detection of Duck hepatitis virus type1 (DHV-1). A pair of specific primers was designed against the conserved region in the 3D gene that encodes the RNA dependent RNA polymerase with a single conserved TaqMan probe. The detection limit of this assay was 10 viral genomic copies per reaction and it was highly specific to DHV-1. The rRT-PCR assay was used to determine the distribution and concentration of DHV-1 virulent strain in duck embryos as well as the DHV-1 attenuated vaccine strain in chicken embryos. The results revealed that the copy numbers of DHV-1 reached a peak in duck embryos and chicken embryos at 28-40h, 44-56h postinoculation respectively. The comparative tests for ducklings infected artificially and clinical samples between neutralization test and rRT-PCR showed that the positive results of infected samples were the same, while the rRT-PCR method was more sensitive than neutralization test for detection of clinical samples. The rapid, sensitive and specific rRT-PCR assay will be a powerful tool for detection of suspected cases of DHV-1, distribution pattern of DHV-1 in vivo and molecular epidemiological screening.


Subject(s)
Hepatitis Virus, Duck/isolation & purification , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Animals , Chick Embryo , Chickens/virology , DNA Primers/genetics , Ducks/virology , Hepatitis Virus, Duck/genetics , Hepatitis Virus, Duck/growth & development , Molecular Sequence Data , Neutralization Tests , RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics , Sensitivity and Specificity , Time Factors , Viral Proteins/genetics
12.
Nat Neurosci ; 9(4): 487-8, 2006 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16565717

ABSTRACT

The blood-brain barrier possesses active transporters carrying brain-permeable xenobiotics back into the blood against concentration gradients. We demonstrate that multidrug resistance transporter (Mdr)-1 is upregulated on capillary endothelium after focal cerebral ischemia; moreover, Mdr-1 deactivation by pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockout preferably enhances the accumulation and efficacy of two neuroprotectants known as Mdr-1 substrates in the ischemic brain. We predict that Mdr-1 inhibition may greatly facilitate neuroprotective therapies.


Subject(s)
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism , Brain Ischemia/drug therapy , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use , Quinolines/metabolism , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics , Animals , Blood-Brain Barrier/physiology , Brain/anatomy & histology , Brain/physiology , Brain Ischemia/metabolism , Brain Ischemia/pathology , Capillaries/cytology , Capillaries/metabolism , Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology , Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism , Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism , Immunosuppressive Agents/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Knockout , Rifampin/metabolism , Tacrolimus/metabolism
13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17357484

ABSTRACT

To study the protective effect of rosuvastatin on ischemic brain injury and its mechanism, focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) using the intra-luminal filament technique. The cerebral blood flow was monitored with laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF). The slices of brain tissue were stained with cresyl-violet. The cerebral volume of infarction and edema were quantified with Image J software. The expressions of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and activated caspase-3 were detected with Western blot. The inducible NO synthase (iNOS) positive cells were immunohistochemically observed. The results demonstrated that rosuvastatin (20 mg/kg) could remarkably decrease infarct volume and cerebral edema after MCAO 90 min/reperfusion 24 h. Western blots showed that the expression of eNOS in cerebral cortex before and after ischemia was (100+/-43.3) %, (1668.9+/-112.2) % respectively (P<0.001), rosuvastatin significantly up-regulated the expression of eNOS in non-ischemic cortex (P<0.001), whereas in ischemic cortex of rosuvastatin group the expression of eNOS was (1678.8+/-121.3) %. There was no expression of activated caspase-3 in non-ischemic cortex, nonetheless the expression of activated caspase-3 increased after ischemia, and rosuvastatin significantly diminished it (P<0.01). Immunohistochemistry revealed no iNOS-positive cells in non-ischemic brain area, while in ischemic brain area the number of iNOS positive cells went up, and rosuvastatin could significantly reduced them. Consequently, the mechanisms of rosuvastatin's neural protection on ischemic brain injury are to enhance expression of eNOS, to inhibit expression of iNOS and activated caspase-3.


Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia/drug therapy , Brain Ischemia/prevention & control , Fluorobenzenes/therapeutic use , Pyrimidines/therapeutic use , Sulfonamides/therapeutic use , Animals , Brain Ischemia/metabolism , Caspase 3/metabolism , Cerebral Cortex/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism , Rosuvastatin Calcium
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