Tension-reduced closure of large abdominal wall defect caused by shotgun wound: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Large abdominal wall defect (LAWD) caused by shotgun wound is rarely reported. CASE SUMMARY: Herein, we describe a case of LAWD caused by a gunshot wound in which the abdominal wall was reconstructed in stages, including debridement, tension-reduced closure (TRC), and reconstruction with mesh and a free musculocutaneous flap. During a 3-year follow-up, the patient recovered well without hernia or other problems. CONCLUSION: TRC is a practical approach for the temporary closure of LAWD, particularly in cases when one-stage abdominal wall restoration is unfeasible due to significant comorbidities.

Synthesis, nematocidal activity and SAR study of novel difluoromethylpyrazole carboxamide derivatives containing flexible alkyl chain moieties.

A series of novel difluoromethylpyrazole carboxamides derivatives were synthesized by introduction of flexible alkyl chain. Nematicidal bioassay results showed that some of them exhibited good control efficacy against M. incognita, which indicated that these difluoromethylpyrazole carboxamides derivatives might be potential novel lead compounds for discovery new nematicides. The nematicidal activity was affected by the substituted position in the molecule, especially the substitution group on the alkyl chain. It was found that the compound 6-9 and 6-23 possess about 50% inhibition effect against M. incognita even at 5.0 and 1.0 mg L-1. Meanwhile, greenhouse field trial showed the nematicidal activity of compound 6-9 is a litter weaker than that of Abamectin. The mammalian toxicology results indicated that compound 6-9 was a low-toxicity and low-sensitive compound. In conclusion compound 6-9 is a potential candidate for further development. In addition, the molecular docking simulations revealed that compounds 6 with a flexible NHCOO show its binding affinities for the acetylcholine receptor (AChR), which may provide useful information for further design novel nematicides.

Synthesis, nematocidal activity and docking study of novel chiral 1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives.

A series of novel chiral fluorinated pyrazole carboxamides derivatives were designed and synthesized. All these title compounds were confirmed by NMR and MS. The primarily nematocidal activity results indicated that some of them exhibited good control efficacy against the tomato root-knot nematode disease caused by Meloidogyne incognita. The docking results indicated that compound 5n interact with amino acid residue Tyr 121, Trp 279 of AchE via hydrogen bond.

Kinetic study of the daytime atmospheric fate of (Z)-3-hexenal.

Rate coefficients for three daytime atmospheric reactions of (Z)-3-hexenal (3HA)-photolysis (J(1)), reaction with OH radicals (k(2)), and reaction with ozone (k(3))-were measured at 760 Torr and 298 K using a 6 m(3) photochemical reaction chamber. The UV absorption cross sections (σ(3HA)(λ)) were obtained in the wavelength range 240-350 nm. The photodissociation rate of 3HA relative to that of NO(2) was measured by a solar simulator at 760 Torr and was determined to be J(1)/J(NO2) = (4.7 ± 0.4) × 10(-3). Using the obtained σ(3HA)(λ) and J(1)/J(NO2), the effective photodissociation quantum yield was calculated to be Φ(3HA) = 0.25 ± 0.06. The rate coefficient for the reaction with OH radicals was measured by the relative rate method with three reference compounds and was determined to be k(2) = (6.9 ± 0.9) × 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The rate coefficient for the reaction with ozone was measured by an absolute method and was determined to be k(3) = (3.5 ± 0.2) × 10(-17) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). Using the obtained rate coefficients, the daytime atmospheric lifetime of 3HA was estimated.

Kinetics and mechanism of chlorine-atom-initiated oxidation of allyl alcohol, 3-buten-2-ol, and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol.

The gas-phase reactions of Cl atoms with allyl alcohol (k(1)), 3-buten-2-ol (k(2)), and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (k(3)) at 296 +/- 2 K have been investigated using absolute and relative rate methods in 1-700 Torr of N(2) diluent. Absolute rate studies were performed using pulsed laser photolysis/vacuum ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. Relative rate studies were performed using smog chamber/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. The absolute and relative rate studies gave consistent results. The kinetics of the reactions are dependent on pressure over the range studied. Molar yields for HCl production in 700 Torr of N(2) for reactions of chlorine atoms with allyl alcohol, 3-buten-2-ol, and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol were measured to be 0.26 +/- 0.03, 0.23 +/- 0.03, and 0.12 +/- 0.02, respectively. The chlorine-atom-initiated oxidation of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol in 700 Torr of air gave the following products (molar yields): acetone (47 +/- 4%), chloroacetaldehyde (47 +/- 5%), and HCHO (7.2 +/- 0.6%). The observation of substantial and indistinguishable yields of acetone and chloroacetaldehyde products indicates that a major fraction of the reaction proceeds via addition of chlorine atoms to the terminal carbon atom. The results are discussed with respect to the literature data.

Rate constants for the reactions of a series of alkylperoxy radicals with NO.

The rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of isopropyl- and tert-butylperoxy radicals with nitric oxide (NO) have been studied at 298 +/- 2 K and a total pressure of 3-4 Torr (He buffer) using a laser flash photolysis technique coupled with a time-resolved negative-ionization mass spectrometry. The alkyl peroxy radicals were generated by the reaction of alkyl radicals with excess O(2), where alkyl radicals were prepared by laser photolysis of several precursor molecules. The rate constants were determined to be k(i-C(3)H(7)O(2) + NO) = (8.0 +/- 1.5) x 10(-12) and k(t-C(4)H(9)O(2) + NO) = (8.6 +/- 1.4) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The results in combination with our previous studies are discussed in terms of the systematic reactivity of alkyl peroxy radicals toward NO.