Method for Denoising the Vibration Signal of Rotating Machinery through VMD and MODWPT.

The vibration signals from rotating machinery are constantly mixed with other noises during the acquisition process, which has a negative impact on the accuracy of signal feature extraction. For vibration signals from rotating machinery, the conventional linear filtering-based denoising method is ineffective. To address this issue, this paper suggests an enhanced signal denoising method based on maximum overlap discrete wavelet packet transform (MODWPT) and variational mode decomposition (VMD). VMD decomposes the vibration signal of rotating machinery to produce a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). By computing the composite weighted entropy (CWE), the phantom IMF component is then removed. In the end, the sensitive component is obtained by computing the value of the degree of difference (DID) after the high-frequency noise component has been decomposed through MODWPT. The denoised signal reconstructs the signal's intrinsic characteristics as well as the denoised high-frequency IMF component. This technique was used to analyze the simulated and real-world signals of gear faults and it was compared to wavelet threshold denoising (WTD), empirical mode decomposition reconstruction denoising (EMD-RD), and ensemble empirical mode decomposition wavelet threshold denoising (EEMD-WTD). The outcomes demonstrate that this method can accurately extract the signal feature information while filtering out the noise components in the signal.

Humoral immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination at the 3rd month among people living with HIV.

BACKGROUND: Research on the immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among people living with HIV (PLWH) is limited, especially among those with low CD4+ T lymphocyte (CD4 cell) count. This prospective cohort study aimed to assess the humoral immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH compared to HIV negative controls (HNCs) and to determine the impact of CD4 cell count on vaccine response among PLWH. METHODS: The neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and the specific IgM and IgG-binding antibody responses to the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine at the third month after the second dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination were measured among 138 PLWH and 35 HNCs. Multivariable logistic regression and multiple linear regression models were conducted to identify factors associated with the seroconversion rate of antibodies and the magnitude of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers, respectively. RESULTS: At the end of the third month after two doses of vaccination, the seroconversion rates of IgG were comparable between PLWH (44.9%; 95% CI 36.5-53.3%) and HNCs (60.0%; 95% CI 42.9-77.1%), respectively. The median titers and seroconversion rate of nAbs among PLWH were 0.57 (IQR: 0.30-1.11) log10 BAU/mL and 29.0% (95% CI 21.3-36.8%), respectively, both lower than those in HNCs (P < 0.05). After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and CD4 cell count, the titers and seroconversion rate of nAbs were comparable between PLWH and HNCs (P > 0.05). Multivariable regression analyses showed that CD4 cell count < 200/µL was independently associated with lower titers and seroconversion rate of nAbs among PLWH (P < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between the CD4 cell count and nAbs titers in PLWH (Spearman's ρ = 0.25, P = 0.0034). CONCLUSION: Our study concluded that the immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH was independently associated with CD4 cell count, PLWH with lower CD4 cell count showed a weaker humoral immune response, especially those with CD4 cell count < 200/µL. This finding suggests that expanding COVID-19 vaccination coverage among PLWH is impendency. In addition, aggressive ART should be carried out for PLWH, especially for those with low CD4 cell count, to improve the immune response to vaccines.

Canonical WNT Signaling Activated by WNT7B Contributes to L-HBs-Mediated Sorafenib Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inhibiting Mitophagy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer death globally, with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection accounting for over half of all cases. HBV leads to the development of HCC according to a body of literature. Our previous research and other studies also suggest that HBV causes chemotherapeutic treatment resistance, however, the mechanism is uncertain. The WNT family, which encodes secreted signaling molecules, has been linked to carcinogenesis in a variety of malignancies, including HCC. However, little is known regarding WNT7B, a WNT ligand, in the development of HCC and HBV-induced chemoresistance. In this study, the bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of clinical samples revealed that WNT7B was overexpressed in HBV-associated HCC tissues versus nontumor liver tissues, which was related to HCC patient survival. Further study in vitro showed that WNT7B and its receptor frizzled-4 (FZD4) were upregulated in response to large hepatitis B surface antigens (L-HBs). L-HBs increased canonical WNT signaling in HCC cells through WNT7B/FZD4. According to functional experiments, WNT7B enhanced the cell proliferation and metastasis in HCC. In vivo and in vitro studies investigated whether L-HBs induced sorafenib resistance by WNT7B in HCC. Interestingly, L-HBs suppressed sorafenib-induced mitophagy by increasing WNT7B/CTNNB1 signaling, resulting in chemoresistance. The findings revealed that WNT7B could be a promising molecular therapeutic target as well as a predictor of sorafenib resistance in HBV-related HCC. The suppression of HBV structural proteins such as L-HBs may play a crucial role in systemic chemotherapy resistance in HBV-associated HCC.

Humoral Immune Response to Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccination at the 3rd Month among People Living with HIV.

Background: Research on the immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among people living with HIV (PLWH) is limited, especially among those with low CD4+ T lymphocyte (CD4 cell) count. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the humoral immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH compared to HIV negative controls (HNC) and to determine the impact of CD4 cell count on vaccine response among PLWH. Methods: The neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and the specific IgM and IgG-binding antibody responses to the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine at the third month after the second dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination were measured among 138 PLWH and 35 HNC. Multivariable logistic regression and multiple linear regression models were conducted to identify factors associated with the seroconversion rate of antibodies and the magnitude of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers, respectively. Results: At the end of the third month after two doses of vaccination, the seroconversion rates of IgG were comparable between PLWH (8.7%; 95%CI, 3.9-13.5%) and HNC (11.4%; 95%CI, 0.3-22.5%), respectively. The median titers and seroconversion rate of nAbs among PLWH were 0.57 (IQR: 0.30-1.11) log 10 BAU/mL and 29.0% (95%CI: 21.3-36.8%), respectively, both lower than those in HNC ( P ＜0.05). After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and CD4 cell count, the titers and seroconversion rate of nAbs were comparable between PLWH and HNC (P＞0.05). Multivariable regression analyses showed that CD4 cell count＜200 /µL was independently associated with lower titers and seroconversion rate of nAbs among PLWH ( P ＜0.05). A positive correlation was observed between the CD4 cell count and nAbs titers in PLWH (Spearman'sρ=0.25, P =0.034). Conclusion: Our study concluded that the immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH was independently associated with CD4 cell count, PLWH with lower CD4 cell count showed a weaker humoral immune response, especially those with CD4 cell count＜200 /µL. This finding suggests that expanding COVID-19 vaccination coverage among PLWH is impendency. In addition, aggressive ART should be carried out for PLWH, especially for those with low CD4 cell count, to improve the immune response to vaccines.

Immune response and safety to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine: a comparison between people living with HIV and HIV-naive individuals.

BACKGROUND: Multi-types COVID-19 vaccines have shown safety and efficacy against COVID-19 in adults. Although current guidelines encourage people living with HIV (PLWH) to take COVID-19 vaccines, whether their immune response to COVID-19 vaccines is distinct from HIV-free individuals is still unclear. METHODS: Between March to June 2021, 48 PLWH and 40 HNC, aged 18 to 59 years, were enrolled in the study in Wuchang district of Wuhan city. All of them received inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (Sinopharm, WIBP-CorV, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd) at day 0 and the second dose at day 28. The primary safety outcome was the combined adverse reactions within 7 days after each injection. The primary immunogenicity outcomes were SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) responses by chemiluminescence and total specific IgM and IgG antibodies responses by ELISA and colloidal gold at baseline (day 0), day 14, day 28, day 42, and day 70. RESULTS: In total, the study included 46 PLWH and 38 HNC who finished 70 days' follow-up. The frequency of adverse reactions to the first and second dose was not different between PLWH (30% and 11%) vs. HNC (32% and 24%). NAbs responses among PLWH peaked at day 70, while among HNC peaked at day 42. At day 42, the geometric mean concentration (GMC) and seroconversion rate of nAbs among PLWH were 4.46 binding antibody units (BAU)/mL (95% CI 3.18-5.87) and 26% (95% CI 14-41), which were lower than that among HNC [GMC (18.28 BAU/mL, 95% CI 10.33-32.33), seroconversion rate (63%, 95% CI 44-79)]. IgG responses among both PLWH and HNC peaked at day 70. At day 70, the geometric mean ELISA units (GMEU) and seroconversion rate of IgG among PLWH were 0.193 ELISA units (EU)/mL (95% CI 0.119-0.313) and 51% (95% CI 34-69), which was lower than that among HNC [GMEU (0.379 EU/mL, 95% CI 0.224-0.653), seroconversion rate (86%, 95% CI 64-97)]. There were no serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Early humoral immune response to the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine was weaker and delayed among the PLWH population than that among HNC. This observation remained consistent regardless of a high CD4 count with effective antiretroviral therapy.

COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness Among People Living With HIV in Wuhan, China.

Vaccination is essential to controlling the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). People living with HIV (PLWH) were considered more vulnerable to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection compared with the general population. Therefore, it is urgent to protect PLWH from SARS-CoV-2 infection. For PLWH, vaccine hesitancy could be more common and may compromise vaccine coverage. Our study aimed to investigate the willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH and associated factors. A cross-sectional online survey was performed among PLWH and the general population from 4 April to 18 April 2021 in Wuhan, China. The multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze associated factors for COVID-19 vaccination willingness among PLWH. A total of 556 PLWH and 570 individuals from the general population were enrolled. The COVID-19 vaccine willingness among PLWH was 60.8%, which was relatively lower than that in the general population (80.9%) (P < 0.001). The results of multivariable analysis indicated that PLWH with comorbidities (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.25-3.45), those who had idea about PLWH would be more serious if they were infected with SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.11-2.51) and those who thought their antiretroviral therapy (ART) would be affected by COVID-19 epidemic (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.22-3.42) had higher willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination. PLWH who had a monthly income over 5,000 RMB (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45-0.92) and had a sex orientation as non-homosexual (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47-0.96) were associated with lower willingness for COVID-19 vaccination. Our findings showed that the PLWH had a lower willingness for COVID-19 vaccination compared with the general population in Wuhan. Targeted interventions such as health education should be conducted to increase the willingness for COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH, thus enhancing COVID-19 vaccine uptake among PLWH.