Pathogenesis and Drug Therapy in Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Postpartum Lochia：A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Postpartum lochia （PL） is an abnormal postpartum retrogression disease characterized by persistent bloody lochia lasting for more than 10 days. The pathogenesis of traditional Chinese and western medicine is complex，and the mechanism of drug action is not yet clear. The author summarized the pathogenesis and drug action mechanism of postpartum lochia from the perspectives of traditional Chinese and Western medicine by reviewing relevant domestic and foreign research in recent years. It was found that the basic pathogenesis of this disease is the imbalance of Chong Ren Qi and blood，multiple deficiency and multiple stasis. Commonly used drugs are divided into single traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine compound formulas and their preparations. By regulating the transcription and expression of related factors through multiple targets and pathways，it promotes uterine contraction，regulates collagen metabolism Regulating the expression of hormones and their receptors，promoting vascular regeneration，regulating cell apoptosis，proliferation and differentiation，downregulating inflammatory response，maintaining blood coagulation balance，and affecting energy metabolism in the body can promote postpartum recovery. Western medicine is often associated with mechanisms such as incomplete uterine involution，residual tissue，and intrauterine infections. The treatment mainly involves the combination of uterine contractions and antibiotics，with a single mode of action and mechanism. Therefore，traditional Chinese medicine has obvious and concrete advantages in treatment. This article aims to review the etiology and pathogenesis of postpartum lochia in traditional Chinese and western medicine，as well as drug treatment. It aims to construct the relationship between its pathogenesis and mechanism of action，providing reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease and drug research and development.

Evaluation of extraocular muscles in patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy using apparent diffusion coefficient measured by magnetic resonance imaging before and after radiation therapy.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune orbital disease characterized by edema of extraocular muscles (EOMs). PURPOSE: To characterize the inflammation of EOMs in patients with TAO before and after radiation therapy using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and to analyze the correlation between ADC and clinical activity of TAO. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The ADCs of superior rectus (SR), inferior rectus (IR), medial rectus (MR), and lateral rectus (LR) muscles were measured in 52 eyes of 26 patients with TAO before and three months after orbital radiation therapy. In addition, 38 eyes of 20 healthy volunteers were included. The clinical activity score (CAS) was evaluated. The ADC maps were reconstructed and measured on the coronal diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence and calculated in mm2/s. RESULTS: The mean ADCs of EOMs before treatment were 1.42 ± 0.23 in SR, 1.37 ± 0.23 in IR, 1.41 ± 0.21 in MR, and 1.28 ± 0.25 in LR. The mean ADCs after treatment were 1.27 ± 0.18, 1.22 ± 0.26, 1.30 ± 0.22, and 1.15 ± 0.21, respectively. The ADCs were significantly decreased after treatment (all P < 0.001). The ADCs of patients with TAO were significantly higher than those of controls. There was a statistically significant correlation between the mean ADCs and the CAS in each patient with TAO both before and after treatment (before: r = 0.520; P < 0.001; after: r = 0.625; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The ADC values of EOMs can be exploited as a quantitative indicator to evaluate the clinical activity and monitor the therapeutic responses of patients with TAO.

Modified levator lengthening for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy related upper eyelid retraction / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To improve the surgical procedure of correcting upper eyelid retraction.Methods · Patients suffering upper eyelid retraction of 2-5 mm caused by thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy were treated with modified levator lengthening technique in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital (Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,China) from July 2013 to December 2014.Results· Of the 34 patients underwent the modified levator lengthening surgery for upper eyelid retraction correction,there were 7 males and 27 females.After 6 months,upper eyelid retraction got fully resolved in 25 cases and partly improved in 9 cases.The palpebral fissure height demonstrated an average decrease of 3.7 mm (P=0.000).Patient's ocular discomfort such as photophobia and tearing were either cured or improved.Conclusion · Modified levator lengthening surgery can effectively correct upper eyelid retraction,improve the patient's appearance and cure their ocular discomfort.

Analysis of Radiological Features of Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To analyse the radiological features and the diagnostic method of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis(PAP).Methods X-ray and CT manifestations of PAP in 37 cases confirmed with fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage were studied retrospectively.Results The radiologic features of PAP could be characterized as geographic,the “crazy-paving” pattern,lobar or segmental consolidation(air-brochogram sign)and like intersititial fibrosis.The radiologic manifestations were stable and more serious than the symptoms.Conclusion PAP is of typical radiologic feature,it is not difficult for diagnosis in combination with clinical characteristics.