ABSTRACT
Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system in which neuropathological changes precede cognitive dysfunction and behavioral impairment. Currently, early diagnosis of AD is based on invasive and expensive testing techniques that are difficult to use widely in the clinical setting. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new markers to detect AD at an early stage. The eye, as an extension of the brain, has been found to show earlier onset of ocular pathologic changes in patients with AD compared to brain pathologic changes, such as retinal structural abnormalities, visual dysfunction, retinal abnormal protein accumulation, choroidal thickness changes, decreased corneal nerve fiber density, deposition of abnormal Aβ proteins in the lens, and pupillary light decreased sensitivity of response, etc. This article reviews the ocular pathologic changes in AD patients in recent years to provide new ideas for the early clinical diagnosis of AD.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Analysis of the clinical efficacy of the application of the NOSES I-type E method combined with 3D laparoscopy in sphincter-preserving surgery of low rectal cancer. Method: A retrospective analysis of 109 patients who underwent laparoscopic low rectal cancer surgery for anus preservation without preventive stoma admitted to the Department of Colorectal Surgery in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital between January 2017 and May 2019. The 109 cases comprised 52 cases treated with the NOSES I-type E method (NOSES I-type E group) and 57 cases treated with the Dixon method (Dixon group). In the NOSES I-type E group, 25cases underwent 3D laparoscopic surgery (group A) and 27 cases underwent 2D laparoscopic surgery (group B). The general clinical data, perioperative indicators, three-day postoperative pain score, postoperative pathological conditions, complications, return visit to assess the 1-year postoperative anal function, 3-year local recurrence and distant metastasis, and survival were compared among the groups. Result: The distance between the tumor and the anal verge was significantly different between NOSES I-type E group and the Dixon group (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between group A and group B (P > 0.05). The exhaust time, eating time, drainage tube removal time, hospitalization costs, hospitalization time, and the number of days of analgesic administration were significantly different between NOSES I-type E group and the Dixon group (P < 0.05), while group A had no significant difference compared to group B (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in difficulty urinating between group A and B (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between NOSES I-type E group and the Dixon group (P > 0.05). Anastomotic leakage in NOSES I-type E group were significantly lower than those in the Dixon group (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between group A compared to group B (P > 0.05). Anal stenosis, rectal Prolapse and colon retraction in NOSES I-type E group were significantly higher than those in Dixon group (P < 0.05), there was no significant difference between group A compared to group B (P > 0.05). Anastomotic bleeding in Dixon group occurred in higher frequency than in NOSES I-type E group (P < 0.05). The pain scores of patients in NOSES I-type E group in the first three days after operation were significantly lower than those in Dixon group (P < 0.05),while there was no significant difference between group A and group B (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in postoperative pathology, 1-year postoperative anal function score, 3-year recurrence rate and overall survival rate among the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The NOSES I-type E method is a safe and effective sphincter-preserving operation for low rectal cancer and its combination with 3D laparoscopy may have better neurological protection which is worth of clinical application.
ABSTRACT
The urgent approval of the use of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine is essential to reduce the threat and burden of the epidemic on global public health, however, our current understanding of the host immune response to inactivated vaccine remains limited. Herein, we performed serum IgG antibody detection and transcriptomics analysis on 20 SARS-CoV-2 naive individuals who received multiple doses of inactivated vaccine and 5 SARS-CoV-2 recovered individuals who received single dose of inactivated vaccine. Our research revealed the important role of many innate immune pathways after vaccination, identified a significant correlation with the third dose of booster vaccine and proteasome-related genes, and found that SARS-CoV-2 recovered individuals can produces a strong immune response to a single dose of inactivated vaccine. These results help us understand the reaction mechanism of the hosts molecular immune system to the inactivated vaccine, and provide a basis for the choice of vaccination strategy.
