Identification of risk factors of EGFR-TKIs primary resistance in lung adenocarcinoma patients and construction of a risk predictive model: a case-control study.

Background: Lung cancer is one of the malignancies with the highest incidence and mortality rates. Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are recommended as the first-line treatment for patients with EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, some patients with EGFR-sensitive mutations develop primary resistance to EGFR-TKIs. This study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics of LUAD patients with primary resistance to EGFR-TKIs, identify independent risk factors for primary resistance, and establish a risk predictive model to provide reference for clinical decision-making. Methods: We collected data from LUAD patients with EGFR-sensitive mutations (19del/21L858R) who were hospitalized in our institution between 2020 and 2022 and received first-generation EGFR-TKIs with follow-up exceeding 6 months. These patients were categorized into primary resistance and sensitive groups based on treatment outcomes. We compared general clinical data, laboratory tests, and tumor-related characteristics between the two groups, analyzed risk factors for primary resistance to EGFR-TKIs, and constructed a risk predictive model. The model's predictive value was comprehensively assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curves. Results: Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) concentration (P=0.03), serum pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) concentration (P=0.01), and Ki67 expression (P<0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for primary resistance to EGFR-TKIs in LUAD. The combined presence of these three risk factors had the highest predictive value [area under the curve (AUC) =0.975, P<0.001]. We constructed a predictive model for the risk of primary resistance to EGFR-TKIs in LUAD patients, incorporating these three parameters, and represented it through a visually interpretable nomogram. The calibration curve of the nomogram demonstrated its strong predictive ability. Further decision curve analysis indicated the model's clinical utility. Conclusions: Based on a single-center retrospective case-control study, we identified serum NSE concentration, ProGRP concentration, and Ki67 expression as independent risk factors for primary resistance to EGFR-TKIs in LUAD patients. We constructed and validated a risk predictive model based on these findings. This predictive model holds promise for clinical application, aiding in the development of personalized treatment strategies and providing a scientific basis for early identification of primary resistance patients.

Clinical outcomes following direct anterior approach during total hip arthroplasty without hip extension: a retrospective comparative study.

BACKGROUND: Traditional total hip arthroplasty (THA) using the direct anterior approach (DAA) requires a hip extension. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing THA with DAA using either the no hip extension (NHE) or the traditional hip extension (THE) strategy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of demographics, clinical and radiological outcomes, and occurrence of complications was performed using data from 123 patients treated between January 2020 and November 2021. The patients were categorised into two groups: NHE (84 patients) and THE (39 patients). RESULTS: The NHE group exhibited shorter operative time and had more male participants with higher ages. Comparable outcomes were observed in the visual analogue scale, Harris Hip, and Oxford Hip scores at the final follow-up. Furthermore, complications were observed in the NHE and THE groups, including two and one greater trochanteric fractures and three and one transfusions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the THE, employing the NHE strategy during THA with DAA in elderly and young female patients resulted in comparable clinical outcomes with several advantages, such as favourable surgical time. The NHE method also exhibited good safety and effectiveness. Therefore, the NHE strategy may be a favourable option for elderly and young female patients.

Characterization and Mechanism of a Novel Rice Protein Peptide (AHVGMSGEEPE) Calcium Chelate in Enhancing Calcium Absorption in Caco-2 Cells.

Rice protein peptides (RPP) are a potentially valuable source of high-quality calcium chelating properties. However, there is a lack of information regarding the calcium-absorption-promoting effect of RPP and its underlying mechanism. The present study adopted molecular docking methodologies to analyze the 10 most potent peptide segments from RPP. Results revealed that the peptide AHVGMSGEEPE (AHV) displayed optimal calcium binding properties (calcium-chelating capacity 55.69 ± 0.66 mg/g). Quantum chemistry analysis revealed that the AHV peptide effectively binds and forms stable complexes with calcium via the carbonyl oxygen atoms in valine at position 3 and the carbonyl of the C-terminal carboxyl group of glutamate at position 11. The spectral analysis results indicated that AHV may bind to calcium through carboxyl oxygen atoms, resulting in a transition from a smooth surface block-like structure to a dense granular structure. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that the 4 mmol/L AHV-Ca chelate (61.75 ± 13.23 µg/well) significantly increases calcium absorption compared to 1 mM CaCl2 (28.57 ± 8.59 µg/well) in the Caco-2 cell monolayer. In terms of mechanisms, the novel peptide-calcium chelate AHV-Ca derived from RPP exerts a cell-level effect by upregulating the expression of TRPV6 calcium-ion-channel-related genes and proteins (TRPV6 and Calbindin-D9k). This study provides a theoretical basis for developing functional foods with the AHV peptide as ingredients to improve calcium absorption.

Clinical manifestation, lifestyle, and treatment patterns of chronic erosive gastritis: A multicenter real-world study in China.

BACKGROUND: Although chronic erosive gastritis (CEG) is common, its clinical characteristics have not been fully elucidated. The lack of consensus regarding its treatment has resulted in varied treatment regimens. AIM: To explore the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and short-term outcomes in CEG patients in China. METHODS: We recruited patients with chronic non-atrophic or mild-to-moderate atrophic gastritis with erosion based on endoscopy and pathology. Patients and treating physicians completed a questionnaire regarding history, endoscopic findings, and treatment plans as well as a follow-up questionnaire to investigate changes in symptoms after 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS: Three thousand five hundred sixty-three patients from 42 centers across 24 cities in China were included. Epigastric pain (68.0%), abdominal distension (62.6%), and postprandial fullness (47.5%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Gastritis was classified as chronic non-atrophic in 69.9% of patients. Among those with erosive lesions, 72.1% of patients had lesions in the antrum, 51.0% had multiple lesions, and 67.3% had superficial flat lesions. In patients with epigastric pain, the combination of a mucosal protective agent (MPA) and proton pump inhibitor was more effective. For those with postprandial fullness, acid regurgitation, early satiety, or nausea, a MPA appeared more promising. CONCLUSION: CEG is a multifactorial disease which is common in Asian patients and has non-specific symptoms. Gastroscopy may play a major role in its detection and diagnosis. Treatment should be individualized based on symptom profile.

Enhancing the Quality of Low-Alcohol Navel Orange Wine through Simultaneous Co-Fermentation Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC-125, Angel Yeast SY, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BC114.

To date, there has been limited research on the interactive effects of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the sensory qualities of navel orange wine. In this study, using Jintang navel orange juice as the raw material, multi-microbial fermentation was conducted with Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC-125 and Angel yeast SY, as well as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BC114. Single yeast and co-fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were used as the control groups. The research aimed to investigate the physicochemical parameters of navel orange wine during fermentation. Additionally, headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HP-SPME-GC-MS) was employed to determine and analyze the types and levels of flavor compounds in the navel orange wines produced through the different fermentation methods. The co-fermentation using the three strains significantly enhanced both the quantity and variety of volatile compounds in the navel orange wine, concomitant with heightened total phenol and flavonoid levels. Furthermore, a notable improvement was observed in the free radical scavenging activity. A sensory evaluation was carried out to analyze the differences among the various navel orange wines, shedding light on the impact of different wine yeasts and co-fermentation with LAB on the quality of navel orange wines.

The effect of rice protein-polyphenols covalent and non-covalent interactions on the structure, functionality and in vitro digestion properties of rice protein.

The characteristics of the crosslinking between rice protein (RP) and ferulic acid (FA), gallic acid (GA), or tannin acid (TA) by covalent binding of Laccase and non-covalent binding were evaluated. The RP-polyphenol complexes greatly improved the functionality of RP. The covalent effect with higher polyphenol binding equivalence showed higher emulsion activity than the non-covalent effect. The solubility, and antioxidant activity of covalent binding were higher than that of non-covalent binding in the RP-FA group, but there was a contrasting behavior in the RP-GA group. The RP-FA was most soluble in conjugates, while the RP-GA had the highest solubility in mixtures. It was found that the covalent complexes were more stable in the intestinal tract. The content of polyphenols in the RP-TA group was rapidly increased at the later intestinal digestion, which indicated the high polyphenol-protective effect in this group. Meanwhile, the RP-TA group showed high reducing power but low digestibility.

Characterization and in vitro digestibility of soybean tofu: Influence of the different kinds of coagulant.

This study explored the effect of diverse coagulants (glucono-δ-lactone (GDL), gypsum (GYP), microbial transglutaminase (MTGase), and white vinegar (WVG)) on microstructure, quality, and digestion properties of tofu. The four kinds of tofu were significantly different in their structure, composition, and digestibility. Tofu coagulated with MTGase had the highest springiness and cohesiveness while GDL tofu had the highest enthalpy (6.54 J/g). However, the WVG and GYP groups outperformed others in terms of thermodynamic, and digestion properties. The WVG group exhibited the highest nitrogen release (84.3%), water content, denaturation temperature, and the highest free-SH content but the lowest S-S content. Compared to WVG, the GYP group had the highest ash content, hardness, and chewiness. Results demonstrated that the tofu prepared by WVG and GYP show high digestibility. Meanwhile, the former has better thermal properties and the latter has better texture properties.

Fabrication of the Rapid Self-Assembly Hydrogels Loaded with Luteolin: Their Structural Characteristics and Protection Effect on Ulcerative Colitis.

Luteolin (LUT) is a fat-soluble flavonoid known for its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Nonetheless, its use in the food industry has been limited due to its low water solubility and bioavailability. In this study, hyaluronic acid, histidine, and luteolin were self-assembled to construct tubular network hydrogels (HHL) to improve the gastrointestinal stability, bioavailability, and stimulation response of LUT. As anticipated, the HHL hydrogel's mechanical strength and adhesion allow it to withstand the challenging gastrointestinal environment and effectively extend the duration of drug presence in the body. In vivo anti-inflammatory experiments showed that HHL hydrogel could successfully alleviate colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice by reducing intestinal inflammation and restoring the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Moreover, HHL hydrogel also regulated the intestinal microorganisms of mice and promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids. The HHL hydrogel group demonstrated a notably superior treatment effect compared to the LUT group alone. The hydrogel delivery system is a novel method to improve the absorption of LUT, increasing its bioavailability and enhancing its pharmaceutical effects.

Arthroscopic inferior leaf meniscectomy of the involved anterior horn in the lateral meniscus horizontal tear via an accessary extreme far anteromedial portal.

BACKGROUND: An accessory extreme far anteromedial portal can improve visualisation and ease inferior leaf meniscectomy in patients with lateral meniscal anterior horn horizontal tears. However, the therapeutic outcomes of adding an accessory extreme far anteromedial portal remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of adding an accessory extreme far anteromedial portal for treating lateral meniscal horizontal tears involving the anterior horns. METHODS: This retrospective study included 101 patients with anterior horn involvement in lateral meniscal horizontal tears who underwent arthroscopic unstable inferior leaf meniscectomy between January 2016 and December 2020. The pathologies were diagnosed using physical examinations and magnetic resonance imaging. The anterior horn involved in the lateral meniscal horizontal tears was treated using inferior leaf meniscectomy. The primary endpoints were changes in the visual analogue scale, Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee, and Tegner scores at the final follow-up. The secondary endpoint was meniscal cure rate at 3 months postoperatively. The preoperative and postoperative functional scores were compared. The occurrence of complications was recorded. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for an average of 4.9 ± 1.2 years (range 2.3-7.5 years). After 4 months, none of the patients experienced pain, weakness, instability, or tenderness in the lateral joint line, achieving an imaging cure rate of 98%. At the final follow-up, significant postoperative improvements were observed in the average values of the visual analogue scale score (3.5 ± 0.7 vs. 0.7 ± 0.6), Lysholm score (62.7 ± 4.4 vs. 91.8 ± 3.1), International Knee Documentation Committee score (61.9 ± 3.7 vs. 91.7 ± 9.5), and Tegner score (2.0 ± 0.7 vs. 6.1 ± 0.7). Excellent Lysholm scores were obtained in 81 patients, and good outcomes were obtained in 18 patients, with an excellent-to-good rate of 98.0%. CONCLUSIONS: Inferior leaf resection via the accessory far anteromedial portal is a safe treatment option for the involved anterior horn in lateral meniscal horizontal tears. This approach enhances visibility and facilitates surgical procedures, with minimal complications.

Construction and validation of a prognostic model for stemness-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological type of lung cancer with poor overall prognosis. Early identification of high-risk patients and individualized treatment can help extend the survival time of patients. This study aimed to construct and validate a prognostic prediction least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model for stemness-related genes in LUAD. Methods: Firstly, LUAD RNA-sequencing data and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The tumor stemness index based on mRNA expression (mRNAsi) was calculated, and the relationship between mRNAsi and the survival prognosis as well as clinical features of LUAD patients was analyzed. Then, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method was used to screen for gene modules highly correlated with mRNAsi, and functional annotation [Gene Ontology (GO) analysis] and pathway enrichment analysis [Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis] were performed for the selected stemness-related gene module. Furthermore, prognosis-associated genes were determined from the stemness-related genes through univariate Cox analysis, and a prognostic model was constructed using LASSO analysis. Finally, a series of validations including survival curve analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and risk analysis were conducted for the prognostic model, and nomogram based on the risk model and various clinicopathological features were constructed. Results: LUAD patients with high mRNAsi had a higher mortality rate than those with low mRNAsi. GO analysis showed that stemness-related genes were mainly involved in mRNA processing and extracellular matrix organization, while KEGG analysis revealed their involvement in cell cycle and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. A prognostic model based on 12 stemness-related genes was constructed using LASSO regression. Validation of the prognostic model demonstrated its good accuracy in predicting the prognosis of LUAD patients. Conclusions: mRNAsi plays an important role in the occurrence and development of LUAD. This study successfully constructed a prognostic prediction LASSO model for stemness-related genes in LUAD, which can serve as a novel prognostic indicator for LUAD and may be an effective complement to the current Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) clinical staging of LUAD.

V-type granular starches prepared by maize starches with different amylose contents: An investigation in structure, physicochemical properties and digestibility.

V-type granular starches (VGSs) were prepared via an ethanol-alkaline (EA) method using maize starch with different amylose contents, specifically, high amylose (HAM), normal maize starch (MS), and waxy maize starch (WS). The X-ray diffraction pattern of the native starch was completely transformed into a V-type pattern after the EA treatment, indicating a structural change in the starch granules. The VGSs prepared by HAM had highest relative crystallinity (31.8°), while the VGSs prepared by WS showed amorphous diffraction pattern. Excessive NaOH, however, would disrupt the formation of V-type structures and cause granular shape rupture. The quantity of double-helical structures, particularly those formed by amylopectin at the starch granules' periphery, significantly decreased. Conversely, single-helical structures formed by amylose increased. A notable rise in the relative crystallinity of V crystals. Four VGS samples, characterized by granular integrity, were chosen for the next investigation of physicochemical and digestive properties. VGS prepared from HAM exhibited higher granular integrity, lower cold-water swelling extent (59.0 and 161.0 cP), improved thermal stability (the value of breakdown as lower as 57.67 and 186.67 cP), and higher resistance to digestion (RS content was up to 10.38 % and 9.00 % higher than 5.86 % and 5.66 % of VGS prepared from WS and MS). The results confirmed that amylose content has a substantial impact on the microstructural and physicochemical properties of VGSs.

The Impact of Different Regions of Interest on Shear Wave Elastography Assessment of the Meniscus in the Knee Joint.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of different regions of interest (ROI) on the assessment of shear wave elastography (SWE) in evaluating the meniscus of the knee joint. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After ethical approval, a total of 141 participants were enrolled in this prospective study from February to October 2023. SWE was utilized to evaluate the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus (LM) and medial meniscus (MM), using two different ROIs (ROI-Small and ROI-Trace) to measure the elastic mean value (Emean) and elastic maximum value (Emax). The differences in elasticity values between the normal menisci and torn menisci were compared, and the impact of different ROI selection methods on the diagnostic performance of elastic parameters in the torn menisci was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: In Emean comparison, only MM in the tear group showed higher ROI-S than ROI-T. When comparing Emax, all ROI-T values were higher than the ROI-S values, and this difference was statistically significant. Different sizes of ROI did not significantly impact the diagnostic performance of Emean in LM and MM, nor the diagnostic effectiveness of Emax in LM. However, only the area under the curve (AUC) of MM for Emax in both ROI-S and ROI-T showed a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: The shear wave elasticity values and diagnostic performance may vary depending on the ROI settings. Therefore, it is recommended to use a 2 mm diameter ROI placed at the central position of the meniscus, with Emean as the elasticity index.

Global Burden of Lung Cancer Attributable to Household Fine Particulate Matter Pollution in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990 to 2019.

INTRODUCTION: Household particulate matter (PM) air pollution is substantially associated with lung cancer. Nevertheless, the global burden of lung cancer attributable to household PM2.5 is still uncertain. METHODS: In this study, data from the Global Burden and Disease Study 2019 are used to thoroughly assess the burden of lung cancer associated with household PM2.5. RESULTS: The number of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to household PM2.5 was found to be 0.08 million and 1.94 million, respectively in 2019. Nevertheless, the burden of lung cancer attributable to household PM2.5 decreased from 1990 to 2019. At the sociodemographic index (SDI) district level, the middle SDI region had the most number of lung cancer deaths and DALYs attributable to household PM2.5. Moreover, the burden of lung cancer was mainly distributed in low-SDI regions, such as Sub-Saharan Africa. Conversely, in high-SDI regions, the age-standardized mortality rate and age-standardized DALY rate of lung cancer attributable to household PM2.5 exhibit the most rapid declines. The burden of lung cancer attributable to household PM2.5 is heavier for men than for women. The sex difference is more obvious in the elderly. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of lung cancer attributable to household PM2.5 has exhibited a declining trend from 1990 to 2019 owing to a concurrent decline in household PM2.5 exposure.

Enhancing the solubility and emulsion properties of rice protein by deamidation of citric acid-based natural deep eutectic solvents.

The characteristics of rice protein deamidated (DRP) by choline chloride-citric acid and glucose-citric acid natural deep eutectic solvents (C-C NADES, G-C NADES) at different dilutions were investigated. Compared with the effect of citric acid deamidation on the structural and functional properties of the protein, the DRP from the NADESs led to remarkable differences in the degree of hydrolysis (DH), SDS-PAGE, morphology, surface hydrophobicity, average particle size, intrinsic fluorescence, amino acid compositions, and emulsion activity. The results of SDS-PAGE, DH, and SEM showed the NADESs reduced the occurrence of uncontrolled hydrolysis of protein during acid deamidation. DRP from C-C and G-C NADESs was found to significantly improve solubility. DRP prepared by C-C NADES showed a more than 40 % solubility over a wide pH range associated with its higher emulsifying activity (37.62-44.19 m2/g) and emulsifying stability (73.76-86.9 min), as well as a better deamidation effect while lower DH. Thus, these findings showed that acid-based NADESs had great potential as a deamidation solvent to expand the application of protein.

Improved surgical exposure and early clinical outcomes using a femoral-release-first technique in direct anterior approach during total hip arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) performed using the direct anterior approach (DAA) has demonstrated favourable early-, mid-, and long-term outcomes. However, the traditional femoral release technique remains technically demanding and is associated with challenges and a heightened risk of complications. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent THA with DAA performed using either the femoral-release-first (FRF) or the traditional approach (TA) strategy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of demographics, clinical and radiological outcomes, and occurrence of complications was performed using data from 106 patients between 2018 and 2019. The patients were categorised into two groups: FRF (44 hips) and TA (69 hips). RESULTS: The FRF group showed a reduced operative time, haemoglobin (Hb) drop, postoperative hospital stay, and more optimal acetabular cup anteversion angles. Furthermore, during the first 2 months postoperatively, the FRF group demonstrated superior visual analogue scale, Harris Hip, and Oxford Hip scores. In the TA group, two hips experienced greater trochanter fractures, and one experienced delayed incision healing. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the TA, employing the FRF strategy during THA with DAA resulted in improved outcomes within the first 2 months postoperatively and comparable functional recovery beyond this period. The FRF method exhibited advantages such as favourable acetabular exposure and alignment and a reduced risk of complications. Therefore, the FRF strategy may be a favourable option.

Multi-kingdom gut microbiota analyses define bacterial-fungal interplay and microbial markers of pan-cancer immunotherapy across cohorts.

The effect of gut bacteria on the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been studied, but the relationship between fungi and ICI responses is not fully understood. Herein, 862 fecal metagenomes from 9 different cohorts were integrated for the identification of differentially abundant fungi and subsequent construction of random forest (RF) models to predict ICI responses. Fungal markers demonstrate excellent performance, with an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87. Their performance improves even further, reaching an average AUC of 0.89 when combined with bacterial markers. Higher enrichment of exhausted T cells is detected in responders, as predicted by fungal markers. Multi-kingdom network and functional analysis reveal that the fungus Schizosaccharomyces octosporus may ferment starch into short-chain fatty acids in responders. This study provides a fungal profile of the ICI response and the identification of multi-kingdom microbial markers with good performance that may improve the overall applicability of ICI therapy.

Thalidomide for Recurrent Bleeding Due to Small-Intestinal Angiodysplasia.

BACKGROUND: Recurrent bleeding from the small intestine accounts for 5 to 10% of cases of gastrointestinal bleeding and remains a therapeutic challenge. Thalidomide has been evaluated for the treatment of recurrent bleeding due to small-intestinal angiodysplasia (SIA), but confirmatory trials are lacking. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of thalidomide for the treatment of recurrent bleeding due to SIA. Eligible patients with recurrent bleeding (at least four episodes of bleeding during the previous year) due to SIA were randomly assigned to receive thalidomide at an oral daily dose of 100 mg or 50 mg or placebo for 4 months. Patients were followed for at least 1 year after the end of the 4-month treatment period. The primary end point was effective response, which was defined as a reduction of at least 50% in the number of bleeding episodes that occurred during the year after the end of thalidomide treatment as compared with the number that occurred during the year before treatment. Key secondary end points were cessation of bleeding without rebleeding, blood transfusion, hospitalization because of bleeding, duration of bleeding, and hemoglobin levels. RESULTS: Overall, 150 patients underwent randomization: 51 to the 100-mg thalidomide group, 49 to the 50-mg thalidomide group, and 50 to the placebo group. The percentages of patients with an effective response in the 100-mg thalidomide group, 50-mg thalidomide group, and placebo group were 68.6%, 51.0%, and 16.0%, respectively (P<0.001 for simultaneous comparison across the three groups). The results of the analyses of the secondary end points supported those of the primary end point. Adverse events were more common in the thalidomide groups than in the placebo group overall; specific events included constipation, somnolence, limb numbness, peripheral edema, dizziness, and elevated liver-enzyme levels. CONCLUSIONS: In this placebo-controlled trial, treatment with thalidomide resulted in a reduction in bleeding in patients with recurrent bleeding due to SIA. (Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Gaofeng Clinical Medicine; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02707484.).

Slow-digestive yeast protein concentrate: An investigation of its in vitro digestibility and digestion behavior.

Yeast protein concentrate, a by-product of the fermentation industry waste, is a potential alternative protein source with high nutritional quality, environmental sustainability, and functional properties. However, its digestibility and digestion behavior are poorly understood. In this study, we compared the in vitro digestion behavior of yeast protein concentrate and whey protein concentrate using simulated gastrointestinal conditions. We found that yeast protein concentrate had lower digestibility than whey protein concentrate (31.25% vs. 86.23% at 120 min of pepsin digestion and 75.12% vs. 95.2% at 120 min of pancreatin digestion). Yeast protein concentrate differed from whey protein concentrate in microstructure, secondary structure, and amino acid composition, which may affect its digestion behavior. Compared to whey protein concentrate, a higher level of ß-sheets and a lower zeta potential explain the slow-digesting property of yeast protein concentrate. Yeast protein concentrate also underwent depolymerization and Plastein reaction during digestion. These results provided valuable information for developing and applying yeast protein concentrate as an alternative to conventional animal protein.

Green Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Hull Polyphenol Extract Alleviates NAFLD through VB6/TLR4/NF-κB and PPAR Pathways.

Green pea hull is a processing byproduct of green pea and rich in polyphenols. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by accumulation of lipids in the liver for which there are no effective treatment strategies. Here, a mouse model of NAFLD induced by a DSS+high-fat diet (HFD) was established to investigate the effect of green pea hull polyphenol extract (EGPH). The results show that EGPH relief of NAFLD was a combined effect, including reducing hepatic fat accumulation, improving antioxidant activity and blood lipid metabolism, and maintaining glucose homeostasis. Increased intestinal permeability aggravated NAFLD. Combined metabolomics and transcriptomic analysis showed that vitamin B6 is the key target substance for EGPH to alleviate NAFLD, and it may be the intestinal flora metabolite. After EGPH intervention, the level of vitamin B6 in mice was significantly increased, and more than 60% in the blood enters the liver, which activated or inhibited PPAR and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways to relieve NAFLD. Our research could be a win-win for expanding the use of green pea hull and the search for NAFLD prophylactic drugs.