Study on the Association between anterior tooth Colour Preference based on the FAHP and individual factors.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between tooth colour and individual satisfaction in oral aesthetics has long been a topic of interest. In this study, we utilized the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to investigate the impacts of sex and age on tooth colour preference. The findings of this study should provide a scientific basis for oral aesthetic practice. METHODS: In the current study, a random selection method was employed, and a survey was completed by 120 patients. To obtain tooth colour data, standard tooth colour charts were used. Smile photos were taken as template images using a single-lens reflex camera. The FAHP was utilized to conduct a weight analysis of tooth colour preferences among patients of different sexes and age groups. RESULTS: There were significant differences in tooth colour preference based on sex and age. Men tend to prefer the B1 colour, while women may prioritize the aesthetic effects of other colours. Additionally, as patients age, their preferences for tooth colour become more diverse. These findings offer valuable insights for oral aesthetics practitioners, enabling them to better address the aesthetic needs of patients across different sexes and ages. This knowledge can aid in the development of more personalized treatment plans that align with patients' expectations. CONCLUSION: In this study, we utilized scientific analysis methods to quantify the popularity of different tooth colours among various groups of people. By doing so, we established a scientific foundation for clinical practice. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for oral aesthetic research, enhancing our understanding of tooth colour. Additionally, these findings have practical applications in the field of oral medicine, potentially improving patients' quality of life and overall oral health.

Study on decision-making for orthodontic treatment plans based on analytic hierarchy process.

BACKGROUND: Orthodontics is a common treatment for malocclusion and is essential for improving the oral health and aesthetics of patients. Currently, patients often rely on the clinical expertise and professional knowledge of doctors to select orthodontic programs. However, they lack their own objective and systematic evaluation methods to quantitatively compare different programs. Therefore, there is a need for a more comprehensive and quantitative approach to selecting orthodontic treatment plans, aiming to enhance their scientific validity and effectiveness. METHODS: In this study, a combination of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and semantic analysis was used to evaluate and compare different orthodontic treatment options. An AHP model and evaluation matrix were established through thorough research and semantic analysis of patient requirements. This model considered various treatment factors. Expert panels were invited to rate these factors using a 1-9 scale. The optimal solution was determined by ranking and comparing different orthodontic treatment plans using the geometric mean method to calculate the weights of each criterion. RESULTS: The research indicates a higher preference for invisible correction compared to other orthodontic solutions, with a weight score that is 0.3923 higher. Factors such as comfort and difficulty of cleaning have been given significant attention. CONCLUSION: The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method can be utilized to effectively develop orthodontic treatment plans, making the treatment process more objective, scientific, and personalized. The design of this study offers strong decision support for orthodontic treatment, potentially improving orthodontic treatment outcomes in clinical practice and ultimately enhancing oral health and patients' quality of life.

Research on product design of FAHP bone marrow aspiration needle.

Bone marrow aspiration is a crucial medical procedure to obtain bone marrow samples for diagnosis and treatment. However, traditional bone marrow aspiration needles face several challenges such as operational difficulties, inadequate sample acquisition, and patient discomfort. To address these issues, we aimed to design a bone marrow aspiration needle product by using fuzzy analytic hierarchical process (FAHP). The FAHP method was used to identify key factors in the design of the bone marrow aspiration needle, including technicality, usage, and application characteristics. The importance weights and priorities of each factor were determined through questionnaires and interviews with experts. A new bone marrow aspiration needle product was developed based on the results of the FAHP. The new product design considers the weights and priorities assigned to key factors, resulting in improved convenience during operation and a higher success rate of sample acquisition. This was achieved by optimising the structure and material selection of the needle. This study presents a novel bone marrow puncture needle product that effectively integrates the importance and priority of the key factors. It successfully enhances operational performance and patient experience, thereby offering an innovative solution to improve the success rate and therapeutic effect of bone marrow punctures.

Nitrogen resource recovery from mature leachate via heat extraction technology: An engineering project application.

A large pool of ammonia in mature leachate is challenging to treat with a membrane bioreactor system to meet the discharge Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Site of Municipal Solid Waste in China (GB 16889-2008) without external carbon source addition. In this study, an engineering leachate treatment project with a scale of 2,000 m3/d was operated to evaluate the ammonia heat extraction system (AHES), which contains preheat, decomposition, steam-stripping, ammonia recovery, and centrifuge dewatering. The operation results showed that NH3-N concentrations of raw leachate and treated effluent from an ammonia heat extraction system (AHES) were 1,305-2,485 mg/L and 207-541 mg/L, respectively. The ratio of COD/NH3-N increased from 1.40-1.84 to 7.69-28.00. Nitrogen was recovered in the form of NH4HCO3 by the ammonia recovery tower with the introduction of CO2, wherein the mature leachate can offer 37% CO2 consumption. The unit consumptions of steam and power were 8.0% and 2.66 kWh/m3 respectively, and the total operation cost of AHES was 2.06 USD per cubic metre of leachate. These results confirm that heat extraction is an efficient and cost-effective technology for the recovery of nitrogen resource from mature leachate.

Aggravated Respiratory Failure From COVID-19 Infection: Patient Care Management From Nurses in the Intensive Care Unit.

CONTEXT: About 19% of COVID-19-patients undergo hypoxic breathing problems, approximately 14% require intensive oxygen therapy, and 5% require mechanical ventilation and ICU admission. These patients can deteriorate rapidly, so nurses must closely watch them. OBJECTIVE: The study intended to examine the role of emergency nurses as care providers in intensive care units (ICUs). DESIGN: The research team performed a narrative review by searching the Mendeley, Medline, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Springer, and PubMed databases. The search used the keywords COVID-19 infection, epidemiology of respiratory failure pathology in COVID-19 infection, involvement of viral spike protein S of SARSCoV-2, SARS CoV2 transmission, pathophysiology of SARSCoV-2 attack-mediated ARDS, transmission of viral particles of SARSCoV-2 in lungs, mechanism of cytokines in lungs, immunomodulatory response changes in lung physiology, and involvement of nursing officer in nursing patient care management in ICU respiratory failure. SETTING: This study were conducted at The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China. RESULTS: Nurses are necessarily not only responsible for adequate oxygen management but also for other critical health services to benefit patients, such as control of oxygen saturation and vital signs, to reduce respiratory failure in the ICU. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of the root cause of respiratory failure and its treatment are complex because a variety of pulmonary and extrapulmonary conditions can cause respiratory failure. Methods of treating acute respiratory failure and other respiratory illness require a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach. Nurses are in the best position to determine patients' risks for respiratory distress, observe them during hospitalizations, and evaluate their treatments.

Combining chemical coagulation with activated coke adsorption to remove organic matters and retain nitrogen compounds in mature landfill leachate.

Mature landfill leachate usually contains high levels of both recalcitrant organic matters and nitrogen compounds, which are hard to be removed simultaneously. In view of the difficulty, this study explored an innovative alternative that treated organic matters and nitrogen compounds separately by combining ferric trichloride (FTC) and polyacrylamide (PAM) coagulation with activated coke adsorption. Our study results have shown that the combination of chemical coagulation (750 mg/L of ferric trichloride and 2.0 mg/L of anionic polyacrylamide at pH = 5) with activated coke adsorption (5 g per 100 mL) was able to remove total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and colority by 91%, 57%, 100%, respectively. The removal efficiency (R.E.) of humic- and protein-like matters both exceeded 95%. Meanwhile, nitrogen compounds, such as nitrite and ammonia nitrogen, were mostly retained in the effluent. They could either be recovered as value-added products through technologies such as negative pressure steam-stripping or removed through methods such as air stripping and ion exchange. Overall, the proposed coagulation-adsorption process may provide a feasible alternative for tackling the worldwide concern over the secondary pollution caused by mature landfill leachate and its effective disposal.

Strengthened dewaterability of coke-oven plant oily sludge by altering extracellular organics using Fe(II)-activated persulfate oxidation.

Although oily sludge has tremendous resource recovery value, its high water content has hindered its treatment and reuse. This study systematically explored the technical feasibility of using Fe(II)-activated persulfate oxidation (Fe2+/S2O82-) to enhance the dewaterability of oily sludge. To identify the main factors controlling sludge dewatering, this study measured changes in chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Results showed that at 0.1 mmol-Fe2+/g-VSS and 0.08 mmol-S2O82-/g-VSS, capillary suction time (s) was reduced by roughly 36.1% within 1 min and dewaterability was strengthened strongly. Sulfate radicals originating from Fe2+/S2O82- oxidized a large amount of EPS, leading to liberation of EPS-bound water. A similar declining trend in NH4+-N was evident as a result of the strong oxidizing ability of sulfate radicals. Further analysis via scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry revealed that Fe2+/S2O82- oxidation destroyed the water-oil-gel-like structure of the oily sludge, thereby accelerating the separation of solids and water while reducing CO2 emissions during the subsequent pyrolysis. Therefore, oily sludge dewatering was enhanced significantly by the Fe2+/S2O82- process.

Electrically regulating co-fermentation of sewage sludge and food waste towards promoting biomethane production and mass reduction.

Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) was integrated into conventional anaerobic digestion (AD) system (i.e. MEC-AD) to electrochemically regulate the co-fermentation of food waste (FW) and sewage sludge (SS). Two anaerobic systems (i.e. MEC-AD, and single AD) were operated in parallel to explore the potential stimulation of electrical regulation in metabolic behaviors of FW and SS and subsequent biomethane production. The highest accumulative methane yield was achieved at an applied voltage of 0.4 V and the FW and SS ratio of 0.2:0.8, increasing by 2.8-fold than those in AD. The combined MEC-AD system mitigated N2O emission and considerably improved ammonia removal and the dewaterability of digestate, in contrast to AD. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) visualized the presence of a large number of rod-like and cocci-like electroactive microbes on the electrode surface. Electrical regulation stimulated the self-growth and proliferation of typical Methanobacterium and Methanosaeta, accordingly contributing to biomethane production greatly.

[Study on two strains of mouse developing dampness-heat models infected by Dengue virus].

OBJECTIVE: To establish two strains of mouse developing dampness-heat syndrome models infected by Dengue virus and to compare the difference in infection, so as to choose a suitable mouse strain for modeling. METHODS: According to the modeling methods of the seasonal febrile disease of the dampness-heat syndrome in Chinese medicine, BALB/C and C57BL/6 mice were respectively treated with complex factors as the high glucose and high fat forage + high-temperature chamber + Dengue virus. At the same time a normal control group, the virus infection group (modeled by Dengue virus infection), and the dampness-heat group (modeling by pure dampness heat circumstance) were set up. Changes of the body temperature, platelet counts, virus in the separate serum, pathological changes of the liver, and serological indicators were observed to compare the modeling difference. RESULTS: After modeling low-grade fever appeared in mice in the high-temperature chamber. Compared with the normal control group, the platelet count decreased in mice of the BALB/C model group. AST increased in both BALB/C and C57BL/6 mice and the virus infection group. TC and TG increased in BALB/C model group and the dampness-heat group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Various degrees of pathological changes were shown in the liver tissue of each group, with the most severe one in the BALB/C model group. The serum virus titers were detected with Real-time PCR after modeling. The virus load was 2.9 x 10(4) - 5.5 x 10(4) copies/mL. No significant difference was found among these groups. CONCLUSIONS: The mouse model of dampness-heat syndrome infected by Dengue virus was primarily established. When compared the infection between BALB/C mice and C57BL/6 mice, BALB/C mice were more suitable for modeling.