ABSTRACT
AIM: To identify the susceptible gene (s) for type 2 diabetes in the previously mapped region, 1p36.33-p36.23, in Han population of North China using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and to analyze the haplotypes of the gene (s) related to type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Twenty three SNPs located in 10 candidate genes in the mapped region were chosen from public SNP domains with bioinformatic methods, and the single base extension (SBE) method was used to genotype the loci for 192 sporadic type 2 diabetes patients and 172 normal individuals, all with Han ethical origin, to perform this case-control study. The haplotypes with significant difference in the gene (s) were further analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 23 SNPs, 8 were found to be common in Chinese Han population. Allele frequency of one SNP, rs436045 in the protein kinase C/zetagene (PRKCZ) was statistically different between the case and control groups(P<0.05). Furthermore, haplotypes at five SNP sites of PRKCZ gene were identified. CONCLUSION: PRKCZ gene may be associated with type 2 diabetes in Han population in North China. The haplotypes at five SNP sites in this gene may be responsible for this association.
Subject(s)
Asian People/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics , Haplotypes , Protein Kinase C/genetics , Case-Control Studies , China/ethnology , Gene Frequency , Humans , Polymorphism, Single NucleotideABSTRACT
AIM: To characterize the gene expression profiles in different stages of carcinogenesis of esophageal epithelium. METHODS: A microarray containing 588 cancer related genes was employed to study the gene expression profile at different stages of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma including basal cell hyperplasia, high-grade dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, early and late cancer. Principle component analysis was performed to search the genes which were important in carcinogenesis. RESULTS: More than 100 genes were up or down regulated in esophageal epithelial cells during the stages of basal cell hyperplasia, high-grade dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, early and late cancer. Principle component analysis identified a set of genes which may play important roles in the tumor development. Comparison of expression profiles between these stages showed that some genes, such as P160ROCK, JNK2, were activated and may play an important role in early stages of carcinogenesis. CONCLUSION: These findings provided an esophageal cancer-specific and stage-specific expression profiles, showing that complex alterations of gene expression underlie the development of malignant phenotype of esophageal cancer cells.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics , Gene Expression Profiling , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9 , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism , Random Allocation , rho-Associated KinasesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To confirm previous whole-genome scan results of mapping type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes in chromosome 1 in Northern Chinese Han population by conducting a new genome scan with both an enlarged number of type 2 diabetes families and a new set of microsatellite markers. METHODS: A genome scan method was applied. After multiplexed PCR, electrophoreses, genescan and genotyping analysis, size informations for all loci were obtained, and a further study was done using both parametric and non-parametric linkage analysis to calculate the P-values and Z-values of these loci. RESULTS: A total of 34 microsatellite markers distributed within 5 regions along chromosome 1 were surveyed, and 12,000 genotypes were screened. Evidence of linkage with diabetes was identified for 8 of the 34 loci (all the P-values of the 8 loci distributed in 3 regions were lower than 0.05, and the highest Z-value was 2.17). Interestingly, all the 5 markers at the P terminal 1p36.3-1p36.23 region, spanning a long range of 16.9 cM, suggested to be linked with the disease. The results of the other two regions were not consistent with the previous ones. CONCLUSIONS: The study results have confirmed those gained in the previous genome-wide scan. The fact that all 5 loci at the P terminal region displayed linkage with diabetes suggests that more than 1 susceptibility gene may reside in this region.
