Historical Evolution and Modern Clinical Application of Danggui Liuhuangtang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Danggui Liuhuangtang is the 47th of the 100 famous classical formulas published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine， and is known as the holy medicine for night sweat. By bibliometrics， the authors collected the ancient books on Danggui Liuhuangtang and screened out 269 valid data， involving 156 ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine. The analysis on the historical origin， disease syndromes， pathogenesis， composition， dosage， preparation， usage， and processing of Danggui Liuhuangtang found that this famous classical formula originated from Secret Book of the Orchid Chamber （《兰室秘藏》） written by LI Dongyuan， and is composed of Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Rehmanniae Radix， Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata， Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex， Scutellariae Radix， Coptidis Rhizoma and Astragali Radix. It has the functions of nourishing Yin， reducing fire， consolidating exterior and stopping sweating， and mainly treats night sweat due to Yin deficiency and fire exuberance. In the later generations， disease syndromes are mostly treated based on LI Dongyuan's theory， and have expanded to more than 30 kinds （339 in total）， among which night sweat （208） was the most， accounting for 61.36% of the total disease syndromes， followed by spontaneous sweating （38）， accounting for 11.21%. Additionally， it was found that Danggui Liuhuangtang was widely used in modern clinical practice for various disease syndromes. Among them， endocrine disease （77， 28.21%） was predominant， followed by gynecological disease （48， 17.58%）， and pediatric disease （24， 8.79%）. Although Danggui Liuhuangtang treats many disease syndromes， their pathogenesis was always yin deficiency and fire exuberance. Through the systematic excavation of the ancient books on Danggui Liuhuangtang and the analysis of its modern clinical application， this paper probed into the historical evolution and confirmed the key information of the formula， providing detailed literature basis for the research and development application of famous classical formulas.

Historical Evolution and Modern Clinical Application of Shengyang Yiweitang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Shengyang Yiweitang is one of the first 100 classical prescriptions published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It originated from the Clarifying Doubts about Damage from Internal and External Causes by physician LI Dongyuan of Jin dynasty， and is composed of Astragali Radix， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Poria， Pinelliae Rhizoma， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Angelicae Pubescentis Radix， Saposhnikoviae Radix， Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix， Bupleuri Radix， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Alismatis Rhizoma， and Coptidis Rhizoma. With the effects of replenishing Qi， promoting Yang， clearing heat and removing dampness， Shengyang Yiweitang is used to treat spleen-stomach weakness and dampness-heat accumulation syndrome. Using bibliometrics， the authors systematically sorted out the source，composition， dosage， preparation， efficacy， indications， principle of composition， origin and processing of drugs，and modern clinical application of the prescription， and explored its history and key information. Additionally， it was found that Shengyang Yiweitang was widely used in modern clinical practice and was suitable for multisystem diseases， of which digestive system （264） was the most common， accounting for 41.71%， followed by urogenital system （57， 9.00%） and nervous system （48， 7.58%）. Although the treatment scope was wide， the pathogenesis of the diseases in traditional Chinese medicine belongs to "spleen-stomach weakness"， which fully reflected Li's academic thought of "internal injury of spleen and stomach leads to various diseases". The key information of Shengyang Yiweitang was determined by summarizing the relevant ancient books and modern literature， so as to provide accurate reference for its rational clinical application and further research and development.

Historical Evolution and Modern Clinical Application of Shengyang Yiweitang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Shengyang Yiweitang is one of the first 100 classical prescriptions published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It originated from the Clarifying Doubts about Damage from Internal and External Causes by physician LI Dongyuan of Jin dynasty， and is composed of Astragali Radix， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Poria， Pinelliae Rhizoma， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Angelicae Pubescentis Radix， Saposhnikoviae Radix， Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix， Bupleuri Radix， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Alismatis Rhizoma， and Coptidis Rhizoma. With the effects of replenishing Qi， promoting Yang， clearing heat and removing dampness， Shengyang Yiweitang is used to treat spleen-stomach weakness and dampness-heat accumulation syndrome. Using bibliometrics， the authors systematically sorted out the source，composition， dosage， preparation， efficacy， indications， principle of composition， origin and processing of drugs，and modern clinical application of the prescription， and explored its history and key information. Additionally， it was found that Shengyang Yiweitang was widely used in modern clinical practice and was suitable for multisystem diseases， of which digestive system （264） was the most common， accounting for 41.71%， followed by urogenital system （57， 9.00%） and nervous system （48， 7.58%）. Although the treatment scope was wide， the pathogenesis of the diseases in traditional Chinese medicine belongs to "spleen-stomach weakness"， which fully reflected Li's academic thought of "internal injury of spleen and stomach leads to various diseases". The key information of Shengyang Yiweitang was determined by summarizing the relevant ancient books and modern literature， so as to provide accurate reference for its rational clinical application and further research and development.

Screening of a Novel Upregulated lncRNA, A2M-AS1, That Promotes Invasion and Migration and Signifies Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer.

Understanding of prognostic factors and therapeutic targets for breast cancer is imperative for guidance of patient care. We studied 1203 tumour samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to evaluate potential genes related to breast cancer. R software was used to analyse differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the RNA microarray expression profiles GSE45827 and GSE65216 and to identify a series of differentially expressed lncRNAs associated with human breast cancer. Of these lncRNAs, A2M-AS1, a lncRNA that has not been previously reported, was significantly upregulated in human breast cancer tissues compared with adjacent nontumour tissues. Importantly, A2M-AS1 upregulation was significantly associated with ER-negative, HER2-positive, and basal-like breast cancer and with poor recurrence-free survival and metastasis-free survival in breast cancer patients. After validating these results in 96 collected human breast cancer tissues and 64 paired adjacent noncancerous tissues, we further investigated the roles of A2M-AS1 in human ER-negative and basal-like breast cancer cells. The results revealed that A2M-AS1 significantly promotes human breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis of genes coexpressed with A2M-AS1 in the context of human breast cancer combined with qRT-PCR and Western blot assays revealed that A2M-AS1 exerts regulatory effects on downstream factors in the cell adhesion molecule pathway, including CD2 and SELL. These results imply that A2M-AS1 might be a promising candidate prognostic factor and therapeutic target for breast cancer.

Bundles of care research on the influence of discomfort after pacemaker implantation / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To explore the effect of intensive care on the comfort of patients after pacemaker implantation.@*Methods@#36 patients admitted from January 2016 to May 2017 were selected as routine care group, and 38 patients admitted from June 2017 to October 2018 were selected as cluster care group. Routine care was given in the postoperative routine care group, and intensive care was given in the intensive care group until the day before the postoperative discharge. The changes in comfort score, anxiety score, and lumbar and back pain score of the two groups were recorded and compared on the day before the surgery and the day before discharge.@*Results@#There were no statistically significant differences in comfort score, lumbar and back pain score and SAS score between the intensive care group and the preoperative conventional care group (all P > 0.05). Postoperative comfort score (43.71±3.29, 73.27±4.37), lumbar and back pain score (4.31±1.07, 1.56±1.04) and SAS score (53.49±6.18, 38.29±7.35) in the intensive care group were significantly better than those in the conventional care group, with statistically significant differences (t=8.478, 3.218, 6.293, all P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#The application of bundles of care after pacemaker implantation can effectively improve patients′ body discomfort, cardiac rehabilitation effect and quality of life, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

microRNA-18a Promotes Cell Migration and Invasion Through Inhibiting Dicer l Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Vitro / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To investigate the effects of microRNA-18a (miR-18a) on migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and its possible mechanism associated with Dicer l.Methods HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells were transfected with miR-18a inhibitor using Lipofectamine. Cell invasion was evaluated by transwell invasion assay, and cell migration was detected by transwell migration and wound-healing assays. Moreover, luciferase reporter assay was used to identify whether Dicer expression was regulated by miR-18a. Real-time RT-PCR and western blot were performed to analyze Dicer 1 expression. In addition, a functional restoration assay was performed to investigate whether miR-18a promotes HCC cell migration and invasion by directly targeting Dicer 1.Results miR-18a inhibitor can suppress the migration and invasion of HCC cells. Furthermore, suppression of Dicer l expression by small interfering RNA essentially abolished the inhibition of cell migration and invasion induced by miR-18a inhibitor, restorating these activities to levels similar to the parental HCC cells. Interestingly, suppression of miR-18a in HCC cells resulted in enhanced expression of Dicer l. In addition, the results of a luciferase assay demonstrated targeted regulation of Dicer l by miR-18a.Conclusion Our findings suggest that miR-18a promotes migration and invasion of HCC cells by inhibiting Dicer l expression.

Progress of the gut microbiota to affect the development and function of the brain / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Gut microbiota is essential to human health,playing a major role in the bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system through the immunological,hormonal,neural and metabolic pathways.The colonization of the gut microbiota is influenced by multiple and diverse factors,such as the perinatal factors,dietary habits,diseases and antibiotics.The infant is the critical period for modifying the gut microbiota,disruptions during this period of microbiota-host interaction have the potential to affect the development and function of the brain.To regulate the homeostasis of the gut microbiota has its profound influences on improving the symptoms of gastrointestinal and behavior disorders.

Comparison of abnormal electrocardiography of patients with Keshan disease in endemic area and non-endemic urban area in Ju County of Shandong Province / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To provide a scientific basis for prevention of Keshan disease by observing the changes of electrocardiogram in residents from Keshan disease area and urban residents in Ju County.Method In 2013,four countries (towns) of Sangyuan,Anzhuang,Qishan and Longshan were selected as the investigation sites across the Keshan disease areas in Ju County of Shandong Province,one village was selected in each country (town),no less than 200 people were chosen from each village.There were 36 residential communities in urban area in Ju County,one residential community was selected from 4 positions (east,west,south and north) in urban area,no less than 200 non-endemic urban residents were chosen from each residential community as control,the electrocardiogram examination was conducted.According to the Keshan Disease Diagnostic Standard (WS/T 210-2011),Keshan disease was diagnosed.Results Among the 964 inhabitants investigated in Keshan disease area,143 cases showed abnormal electrocardiogram and the detection rate was 14.83％;in the 926 cases of urban electrocardiogram,78 cases showed abnormal electrocardiogram,abnormal rate was 8.42％,the difference was statistically significant (x2 =18.80,P ＜ 0.01).There were 93 cases who met the 8 Keshan disease diagnostic criteria of abnormal electrocardiogram changes in the Keshan disease areas,abnormal rate was 9.65％;while there were 37 cases in urban residents,abnormal rate was 4.00％,the difference was statistically significant (x2 =23.55,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion These residents who have lived in Keshan disease endemic areas have a higher rate of abnormal electrocardiogram in Ju County of Shandong Province,they are still threatened by the causative factors of Keshan disease,and the authority should strengthen the prevention measures of Keshan disease.

Glucosylceramide synthase upregulates apoptosis-related gene bcl-2 ex-pression via MEK/ERK signaling pathway in leukemia multidrug-resis-tant cell line / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate whether glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) regulates apoptosis-related gene bcl-2 expression via MEK/ERK signaling pathway , thus enhancing drug resistance of K 562/A02 human leukemia multidrug resistant cell line.METHODS:siRNA targeting GCS was transfected into K562/A02 cells.Bcl-2, p-ERK and total ERK expression at mRNA and protein levels after GCS knockdown were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting .After exposed to MEK-ERK pathway inhibitor U0126, the expression of Bcl-2 at mRNA and protein levels also was analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blotting , respectively.The viability of the cells was evaluated by CCK-8 assay.RESULTS:The expression of GCS and Bcl-2, as well as MEK/ERK signaling were significantly inhibited in K 562/A02 cells by GCS siRNA transfection compared with negative control group .Inactivation of MEK/ERK signaling due to U0126 treatment de-creased Bcl-2 mRNA and protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner , and sensitized K562/A02 cells to adriamy-cin.CONCLUSION:GCS may affect the expression of apoptosis-related gene bcl-2 by MEK/ERK signaling pathway , thus regulating multidrug resistance of human leukemia K 562/A02 cells.

NF-κ B mediates the effect of glucosylceramide synthase on P-glycoprotein modulation in a drug-resistance leukemia cell line / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether transcription factor-kappaB (NF-κ B) is involved in the modulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) by glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) in a multidrug resistance leukemia cell line K562/A02 and to explore the relationship between NF-κ B and extracelluar signal-regulated kinase (ERK).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>K562/A02 cells were treated with GCSsiRNA, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, a NF-κ B specific inhibitor) and U0126 (a MEK1/2 inhibitor), respectively. The expression of GCS and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) mRNA were analyzed with qRT-PCR. Various proteins of different groups were measured by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After transfected with GCSsiRNA for 48 h, GCS mRNA were reduced by 62% (51%-73%) and MDR1 mRNA was reduced by 52% (43%-61%) in the K562/A02 cells. Compared with the negative control, relative expression of NF-κ B p65 in nuclear and P-ERK1/2 were both down-regulated, and P-gp was also inhibited significantly at 72 h after transfected with GCSsiRNA (P< 0.05). In addition, the expression of P-gp was decreased at 24 h with 80 μ mol/L PDTC and 48 h with 20 μ mol/L PDTC. P-ERK1/2 was inhibited significantly when the cells were treated with 20 μ mol/L U0126 for 48 h. The expression of NF-κ B p65 in nuclear and P-gp were also down-regulated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NF-κ B can modulate the effect of GCS on P-gp in K562/A02 cells. P-ERK1/2 can activate NF-κ B in above signal transduction pathway.</p>

Primary study on examination model in core curriculum of clinical medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate the application value of real clinical case centered situation simulation examination model in clinical medicine. Methods Two classes were randomly selected from 2008 grade clinical medicine majors, respectively as test group(n=158) and control group(n=156). Final examination of test group includes usual performance, case-oriented situation simulation examination (COSSE) and final written examination. Traditional methods were used in control group. The same paper was used in final written examination of the two groups. Scores of written examination and question-naires were used to evaluate the COSSE model. Data were processed using SPSS 16.0 statistical software;t and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data;P<0.05 signifies that the difference is statistically sig-nificant. Results Scores of final examination in test group were higher than those in control group(P<0.001). Times of independent completion of history taking, physical examinations and medical record writing were more in test group than in control group(P=0.002,0.017,0.048). Conclusions Contents and methods of COSSE is conducive to improving student's professional comprehensive ability.

The expression and significance of E-cadherin and COX-2 in pregnant women with hypertensive disorder complicating / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To evaluate expression of E-cadherin and COX-2 in placentas of hypertensive disorder complieating pregnancy,and study the relationship between them.Method The E-cadherin and COX-2 of twenty-one cases gestational hypertension,along with 17 cases preeclampsia,and 20 cases normal pregnancy placentas were investigated by immunohistochemistry.Results The expression of E-cadherin was significantly higher and the expression of COX-2 was lower in preeclampsia cases than that in normal pregnancy(P＜0.01).The expression of E-cadherin negatively correlated with the expression of COX-2 (r=-0.371.P＜0.05).Conclusions The alteration of E-cadheria and COX-2 in placentas are correlated with preeelampsia.The up-reguhted expression of E-cadherin and down-regulated expression of COX-2 maybe regulated by the same factor.