ABSTRACT
Acid orange 7 (AO7) is an azo dye widely used in the dyeing and direct printing industry. AO7 is an environmental pollutant because the cleavage of azo bonds produces aromatic amines, which are considered mutagenic and carcinogenic. Microbial degradation is one of the most effective methods to remove environmental pollutants. A bacterium strain L-15 was isolated from the wastewater treatment system of a dye manufacturer. This strain is capable of decolorizing AO7. The strain was identified as Flavobacterium mizutaii based on its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and the sequence of 16S rDNA. The AO7-degrading characteristics and the effects of culture condition on the degrading efficiency of the strain were investigated by shake-flask culturing. The optimal degradation condition of L-15 was 30 °C and pH 7.0. After culturing at 30 °C for 3 days with the initial AO7 concentration of 20 mg/L, the degradation rate of AO7 was 60.45%. The optimal salt concentration was lower than 2%.
Subject(s)
Azo Compounds , Flavobacterium , Benzenesulfonates , Coloring AgentsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of indoor coal PM2.5 on the airway inflammation and the pathological morphology alterations of lung tissue in asthmatic rats induced by ovalbumin(OVA). Methods Forty six?week?old male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups(Control,OVA,PM2.5,PM2.5+OVA). Normal saline,OVA(15μg/mL)and(or)PM2.5(2.5 mg/mL)were given to rats in the four groups through intratracheal instillation for four times (two weeks one time),respectively. Twenty?four hours after the last intratracheal instillation ,bronchoalveolar irrigation lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determinations of serum interleukin 4(IL?4),interferon gamma (IFN?γ). The lung tissue was collected for HE staining and electron microscopy detection. Results HE staining showed less inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the control group;In PM2.5 group and OVA group,there was medium quantity of inflammatory cell infiltration,In PM2.5+OVA group, severe inflammatory cell infiltration was observed. Electron microscopy showed no abnormal lung tissue in the control group,but organelles were gradually destroyed,endothelial cell edama,alveolar interval with a large number of fibersin were observed in PM2.5 group. The exfoliated cells,local typeⅡ cells with visible damage were found in OVA group. A large number of fibers were existed among the lung tissues and organelles were destroyed,thickness of basement membrane was non?uniform,and blood air barrier structure was not clear in PM2.5 + OVA group. Compared with PM2.5+OVA group,concentration of IL?4 in PM2.5,OVA and the control group was siganificantly different(P < 0.05). A negative correlation between IL?4 and IFN?γ was observed (r =-0.358,P < 0.05). Conclusion Indoor coal PM2.5 exacerbates the airway inflammatory cell infiltration and airway remodeling in OVA?induced asthmatic rats.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To discuss the effect of pharmacist intervention on the use of antimicrobial agents in the clinical pathway of community-acquired pneumonia ( CAP) in our hospital to standardize the rational medication and promote the rational use of antimicro-bial agents. Methods:Totally 100 bacterial CAP patients in 2013 ( before the intervention) and 2014 ( after the intervention) in the pneumology department were studied. The antibacterial drug cost, total hospitalization cost, use intensity of antimicrobial drugs, hospi-talization time, therapeutic effects and so on in the two groups were observed during the treatment. Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in antibacterial drug cost, total hospitalization cost, use intensity of antimicrobial drugs, hospitaliza-tion time and so on, whereas there was no significant difference in the curative effect. Conclusion:After the pharmacist intervention, the application of antibiotics is more rational, the antibiotics use density and per capita cost are reduced, the hospitalization day is shortened and the value of pharmacists is also improved.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: We used Rhodopseudomonas strains with high-yield of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to produce ALA from wastewater of producing monosodium glutamate, citric acid, beer, and soybean product. METHODS: Cultivation was carried out under anaerobic light condition (3000 Lux) at 30 degrees C. For comparison, we tested the addition of levulinic acid (LA), glycin and succinate to the substrate to increase the production of ALA, effect of sterilization of the wastewater for both strains. Cell mass concentration (OD660) and the content of ALA were determined with spectrophotometer. RESULTS: Without adding levulinic acid (LA), glycin and succinate, the growth of strain 99-28 reached plateau after 72-96 h. The maxiam ALA production was obtained at 96 h. Both the yield of ALA and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODcr) removal rate of monosodium glutamate waster water were the highest in all tested wasterwaters. When LA, glycin and succinate were added, ALA production of strain 99-28 was significantly increased whereas the CODcr removal was adversely affected. Non-sterial wasterwater slightly reduced the growth and CODcr removal rate of strain 99-28, however the ALA production could be strongly reduced with the addition of LA, glycin and succinate. The growth and CODcr removal of mutant strain L-1 was similar with strain 99-28, but its ALA production was much higher than that of strain 99-28. CONCLUSION: The Rhodopseudomonas strains screened in our laboratory can use organic wasterwater as substrates to produce ALA and remove CODcr.
