Endovascular Recanalization of Symptomatic Nonacute Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion: Proposal of a New Angiographic Classification.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The optimal treatment for symptomatic nonacute intracranial ICA occlusion is uncertain, and endovascular recanalization remains a technical challenge. Our purpose was to report multicenter clinical results of endovascular recanalization for medically refractory, nonacute, intracranial ICA occlusion and to propose a new angiographic classification to explore which subgroups of patients are most amenable to this treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2015 to December 2019, thirty-six consecutive patients who underwent endovascular recanalization for refractory, nonacute, atherosclerotic intracranial ICA occlusion at 3 stroke centers were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into 3 types according to an angiographic classification. Rates of technical success, periprocedural complications, and any stroke or death within 30 days along with follow-up results were evaluated. RESULTS: The overall technical success rate was 80.6% (29/36), and the rate of any stroke or death within 30 days was 16.7% (6/36). The recanalization success rate gradually decreased from type I to type III in the 3 classification groups (92.9%, 81.3%, and 50%, P = .038), and the opposite was true of the perioperative complication rates (7.1%, 18.8%, and 50%, P = .038). Type I lesions showed favorable recanalization effects, 92.9% technical success rates, and 7.1% perioperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular recanalization for nonacute atherosclerotic intracranial ICA occlusion is technically feasible, especially in patients with type I lesions, and could offer an alternative option for patients with recurrent ischemic symptoms despite aggressive medical therapy. The angiographic classification proposed is conducive to the selection of suitable patients and difficulty in grading.

[Antiviral effect of hepatitis B virus S gene-specific anti-gene locked nucleic acid in transgenic mice].

Objective: To investigate the antiviral effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) S gene-specific anti-gene locked nucleic acid (LNA) in transgenic mice. Methods: A total of 30 HBV transgenic mice were randomly divided into blank control group (5% glucose + liposome), unrelated sequence control group, lamivudine control group, antisense LNA control group, and anti-gene LNA group, with 6 mice in each group. The mice in the lamivudine group were given lamivudine by gavage, and LNA was injected via the caudal vein. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure serum HBV DNA, ELISA was used to measure serum HBsAg, RT-PCR was used to measure HBV S mRNA level in the liver, and immunohistochemistry was used to measure the level of HBsAg in hepatocytes. Results: At 3, 5, and 7 days after treatment, there were significant changes in the inhibition rates of HBV DNA (37.18%, 50.27%, and 61.46%, respectively) and HBsAg (30.17%, 44.00%, and 57.76%, respectively) achieved by anti-gene LNA (P < 0.01), and there were significant differences between the anti-gene LNA group and the other four control groups (P < 0.05). In the anti-gene LNA group, the relative mRNA expression of HBV S gene was 0.33 and the percentage of HBsAg-positive hepatocytes was 31%, which were significantly different from these two indices in the control groups (P < 0.05). There were no abnormal changes in liver/renal biochemical parameters and HE staining results. Conclusion: Anti-gene LNA targeting at HBV S gene has a strong antiviral effect in transgenic mice, which provides theoretical and experimental bases for gene therapy for HBV.

[A clinical study on adoptive immunotherapy of bone metastatic neoplasm with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes].

In order to establish a more efficient and less toxic approach than lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell in adoptive immunotherapy (AIT), tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were isolated from operation and biopsy samples of 10 patients with bone metastatic tumor during 1990 approximately 1992. TILs activated and expanded in vitro were adoptively transferred to patients with bone metastatic lesions. Complete response in 1, partial response in 2, minor response in 3 and nonresponse in 4 patients with TILs immunotherapy were observed. The effective rate was 30%, P > 0.01. The results of this preliminary study indicate that adoptive immunotherapy with large number of TILs is an encouraging approach in the treatment of advanced neoplasm with bone metastasis.

Integrated acousto-optic heterodyning device modules in LiNbO(3) substrate.

This paper reports the realization of integrated acousto-optic (AO) device modules that combine a wideband AO Bragg cell, an ion-milled Bragg diffraction grating, and a titanium-indiffused protonexchanged waveguide lens in a Y-cut LiNbO(3) substrate, 1 x 8 x 16 mm(3) in size, to perform optical heterodyning, and their application to rf signal processing. These integrated AO heterodyne modules have demonstrated the capabilities for channelized detection of the amplitude, the frequency, and the phase of wideband rf signals and thus the capability to perform interferometric rf spectral analysis with significantly improved performances over the conventional AO Bragg cells. The single-unit (basic) modules have provided single-tone simultaneous and two-tone third-order spurious-free dynamic ranges of 51 and 40 dB, respectively, and a bandwidth of 205 MHz centered at 350 MHz at the optical wavelength of 0.6328 microm, the optical power of 1.0 mW, and the drive power of 50 mW/rf signal input. Furthermore the dual-unit modu es that consist of a pair of identical basic heterodyne devices in the same LiNbO(3) waveguide substrate, also 1 x 8 x 16 mm(3) in size, have been constructed and used to measure the angle of arrival of the rf signals.

Experimental studies of the injurious effects of Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers and their outdoor applications.

Comparison of the dose-response relationship of retinal damage induced by Q-switched (Q-sw) Nd:YAG lasers was conducted for rabbits and monkeys. Experimental results indicated that the two probit regression lines were parallel to each other, and the damage threshold (ED50) ratio was approximately 1:3.57. Observations of the injurious effects of Q-sw Nd:YAG rangefinders--the total energy level being about 10-100 mJ--and their injurious distances are reported in this paper. A brief description is given of coagulative and hemorrhagic pathological changes under different exposure conditions and at various distances.

Ocular injuries from accidental laser exposure.

This report presents 29 cases of ocular injury (31 eyes) caused by accidental laser exposure. Twenty-eight eyes were injured during laser adjustment and alignment. Nineteen eyes were damaged by Q-switched lasers at a wavelength of 1064 nm. Macula damage occurred in 25 eyes. During the early phase after injury, there were different degrees of retinal coagulation, edema or hemorrhage in exposed spots and there occurred immediate reduction of visual acuity. Effusion of blood and exudate was absorbed in most injured eyes under treatment lasting several weeks; meanwhile, gray-white scars appeared. Macular holes appeared in seven cases a week after injury, thus extending the course of the injury. Nine cases (10 eyes) were followed-up for 4-10 y, during which time the condition of eight cases (nine eyes) remained stable. The causes of the laser accidents and the relationship between the damage effects and exposure doses were analyzed.

[Binocular fusion method for prevention of myopia].

When looking at a far object with two eyes, relaxation of convergence and accommodation occurred and accompanied by binocular fusion. Using this phenomenon a method of binocular fusion of targets was designed, that is the distance between two targets are just the same as the distance between two visual lines, while looking at a far object. During the images of the targets are fused, the accommodation and convergence are relaxed concomitantly; thus a result of correction of pseudomyopia and prevention of myopia is achieved. By means of binocular fusion, the eye muscle exercises were conducted and resulted in not only the far point further but also the near point closer. The skiascopic examination carried out at the same time of binocular fusion showed that the degrees of relaxed accommodation was 97.9% that of looking at an object in far distance. The above results indicated that the binocular fusion method had excellent effect on the prevention of myopia. This method is simple and feasible, conforms to the visual physiology, and thus can be widely adopted.

[Establishment of human glioma cell line--nude mice solid tumor model NHG-1 and its characteristics].

Establishment and its characteristics of a nude mice solid tumor model NHG-1 from human glioma cell line are reported. 5-8 week old NC nude mice of both sexes and SHG-44 cell line used in this experiment were from our laboratory. The initial successful transplantation rate was 7/11 (64%) and that of 30 passages in the subsequent 4 years was 100%. After subcutaneous inoculation, growth curve showed a latent period in week 1-2, slow growing period in week 3-4, rapid growing period in week 5-6 and a final plateau period in week 7. The doubling time was 7 days and cell cycle time was 2.5 days. The cells in G1, S and G2M phases comprised 56%, 27% and 17%, respectively. The survival time of the host was 54 +/- 15 days. The tumor tissues showed a tendency towards invading the surrounding soft tissues. By morphological observation with light and electron microscopes, LDH isozyme assay, PAP immuno-histochemistry labelling GFAP and chromosome analysis, it is confirmed that the transplantable tumor possesses the characteristics of human malignant glioma. The estrogen receptor in the transplantable tumors demonstrated by cytochemical assay indicates that the glioma carcinogenesis is related to endocrine factor of the host. The therapeutic effects of anticancer drugs, such as ACNU, BCNU and 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid from the royal jelly on NHG-1 model are evaluated.

[A cohort analysis of the fertility of the July 1 People's Commune in Shanghai, County].

PIP: The survey was conducted in February-March 1981. The population of this commune at the end of 1980 was 18,608. The cultural and educational levels, economic condition, and work in family planning of this commune form a typical example among numerous similar communes in Shanghai County. The birthrate, natural growth rate, and average fertility rate began to decline in the later half of 1950s and reached the lowest level in 1974. The survey shows a delay in the marriage age. The fertility rate also dropped by 21.31% from 1963 to 1980. The average fertility rate dropped by 162.73% from 1963 to 1980. Among the women of childbearing age, 99% of them have a knowledge of birth control measures, 95% of them have used them before, and 78% are currently using them. All these figures show that the work in family planning in the commune has reached a high level by world standards. 3 factors which have a strong impact on fertility are: the economic and educational level, formation of population elements, and family planning work. A rise in the standard of living and improvement in education normally leads to late marriage and a decline in fertility. An increase in the number of women of childbearing age causes a rise in fertility. The population growth after 1974 is a reflection of this situation. The survey shows that the decline in fertility before 1973 was caused mainly by family planning work.^ieng