[Anisakis simplex larvae: infection status in marine fishes for sale in Shantou].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the infection status of Anisakis simplex larvae in marine fishes for sale in Shantou. METHODS: Marine fishes were randomly collected from markets in Shantou City from February to December 2013, and then classified. The viscera and muscle of each fish were carefully dissected and thoroughly examined for anisakids. The larvae were examined under a light microscope. The infection rate and intensity of Anisakis simplex larvae were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 382 fish specimens belonging to 52 species were examined. 42 out of 52 species (80.8%) were found infected by A. simplex larvae. The overall infection rate reached 47.4% (181/382), and average 5.5 larvae parasitized per infected fish (995/181). The survival rate of larvae was 100%. The highest infection rate observed was 100% in Scomber australasicus (4/4), Trachurus japonicus (9/9), Decapterus maruadsi (8/8), Lutjanus lutjanus (9/9), Argyrosomus argentatus (4/4), Nibea albiflora (4/4), Nemipterus bathybius (12/12), Trachinocephalus myops (7/7) and Mene maculata (9/9), followed by 16/18 in Pneumatophorus japonicus, 6/7 in Lutjanus ophuysenii and 5/6 in Lutjanus fulvus. A. simplex larvae were not detected in 10 fish species, namely, Megalaspis cordyla, Lutjanus argentimaculatus, Lutjanus fulviflamma, Acanthopagrus australis, Acanthopagrus latus, Plectorhinchus nigrus, Dentex tumifrons, Psenopsis anomala, Scatophagus argus, and Seriola lalandi. The infection intensity was the highest in Lutjanus fulvus (21.0 per fish), followed by Trachinocephalus myops (16.7 per fish), Saurida filamentosa (14.0 per fish) and Mene maculate (10.1 per fish). The lowest infection intensity was found in Rastrelliger kanagurta, Kaiwarinus equula, Atule mate, Lutjanus russellii, Plectorhinchus cinctus, Priacanthus tayenus, Branchiostegus argentatus, Branchiostegus albus, Sphyraena pinguis, Formio niger, Trachinotus blochii, Siganus fuscescens and Choerodon azurio (less than 2 per fish). The highest infection rate (34.3%, 131/382) was found in the mesentery. The infection intensity was highest in pyloric appendage (3.5 per fish). A. simplex larvae were not found in muscle. The highest infection rate (60.2%, 74/123) was found in fishes with body weight of 100-200 g. The infection intensity was highest in fish with body weight of 301-400 g (7.8 per fish). CONCLUSION: The infection rate of A. simplex larvae is high in marine fishes from Shantou markets.

Efficacy of Yiqiyangxin Chinese medicine compound combined with cognitive therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of Yiqiyangxin Chinese medicine compound combined with cognitive therapy on generalized anxiety disorders. METHODS: A total of 202 generalized anxiety disorders patients were randomly allocated to a control condition (Paroxetine combined with cognitive therapy) or a treatment condition (Yiqiyangxin Chinese medicine compound combined with cognitive therapy). Subsequently, scores of Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and blood routine, urine routine, liver function, renal function, electrocardiogram were detected before treatment, 3 months, 6 months after treatment and 6 months after medicine withdrawal, respectively. RESULTS: HAMA and SAS scores were significantly reduced in two groups (P<0.001) after treatment, but the differences in HAMA and SAS scores, apparent effect and effectiveness were not significant (P>0.05). HAMA and SAS scores were significantly increased in two groups (P<0.05) after medicine withdrawal, and there were significant differences in HAMA and SAS scores, recurrent disease and adverse reaction (P<0.001). The incidence of recurrent disease and adverse reaction in treatment group was low. Both two groups showed no apparent abnormality in blood routine, urine routine, liver and renal function, and electrocardiogram. CONCLUSIONS: Yiqiyangxin Chinese medicine compound combined with cognitive therapy can significantly reduce the recurrence after medicine withdrawal and is effective on generalized anxiety disorders. Furthermore, the incidence of adverse reactions is low. The treatment program is worthy clinic application in the further.

[Relationships between psychosocial factors and work-related musculoskeletal disorders in coal miners].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the associations of psychosocial factors with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), providing scientific evidence for targeted strategies for the prevention of WMSDs in Chinese coal miners. METHODS: A total of 500 coal miners were consecutively enrolled to this cross-sectional study. The prevalence of WMSDs was assessed using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the associations between psychosocial factors and WMSDs. RESULTS: Among coal miners, of 277 coal miners, 61% self-reported WMSDs in a 12-month period. Especially, back pain was the most frequent musculoskeletal symptom. WMSDs were statistically correlated with high job demands (OR = 1.3, 95%CI: 1.3 ∼ 3.5), low job control (OR = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.0 ∼ 2.4), low level of interpersonal relations (OR = 1.9, 95%CI: 1.2 ∼ 3.0) and low job satisfaction (OR = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.0 ∼ 2.4). CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate psychosocial factors were associated with WMSDs among coal miners, and psychosocial factors be considered for the prevention of WMSDs.

[Musculoskeletal disorders and risk factors of workers in a coal mine].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the prevalence characteristics and influence factors related to occupation and individuals for musculoskeletal disorders of workers in Chinese mines. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study of 1900 coal miners from a coal mine, the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire was used to assess the musculoskeletal disorders, and logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between the occupational factor and he musculoskeletal disorders. RESULTS: During the past year, 1205 miners of 1537 miners (78.4%) complained of the musculoskeletal disorders. The morbidity of lumbago was 59.5%. The morbidity of the musculoskeletal disorders in different body sites of the miners increased significantly with age (P < 0.05). The morbidity of the musculoskeletal disorders in the underground workers was significantly higher than that in the ground workers. According to logistic regression analysis, the repetitive operation and awkward posture were the risk factors for the musculoskeletal disorders in neck, shoulder and upper limbs; the repetitive operation, moving heavy substance and stooping posture were related significantly to lumbago; the musculoskeletal disorders in lower limbs were associated with the long standing and awkward posture. CONCLUSION: There is significant correlation between the occupational factors and the musculoskeletal disorders for coal miners.