[Surgical treatment combined with oral administration of indomethacin for eosinophilic granuloma of the skull: report of a pediatric case].

A 13-year-old girl presented headache for 5 d upon admission to hospital. An initial CT revealed 3 lesions located in her skull, the sizes of which were 2.5 cm×3.2 cm,1.2 cm×1.0 cm,0.3 cm×0.3 cm, respectively. The largest lesion was resected by surgery and confirmed as eosinophilic granuloma by pathology. After surgery, she took oral indomethacin 25 mg b·i·d for 3 months and tolerated it well. CT scan was performed 3 months and 1 year later, and the results showed that the unresected lesions shrank progressively and the defected bones were regenerated and healed one year later after operation.

[Application of cranioplasty materials in the past 60 years in China].

Cranioplasty is one of the oldest and most common surgeries. Cranioplasty materials developed with this surgery. Many kinds of material have been applied to cranioplasty such as gold, silver, aluminum, lead, platinum, titanium, autogenous bone, allograft, acrylic resin, polyethylene, silicone rubber, carol, ceramic, hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate cement. In the past 60 years, autogenous bone, acrylic resin, silicone rubber, hydroxyapatite, phosphate cement, titanium sheet and computer-designed plastic ti-alloy plate are the most commonly used materials. Among the materials, computer-designed plastic ti-alloy plate is the preferred material. It is ideal cranioplasty material with high histocompatibility, plasticity and chemical stability, and which has not been found until now to be cytotoxic or immunogenic.

Dynamical phase of driven colloidal systems with short-range attraction and long-range repulsion.

We study the nonequilibrium dynamics of colloidal system with short-range depletion attraction and screened electrostatic repulsion on a disordered substrate. We find a growth-melting process of the clusters as the temperature is increased. By strengthening the screened electrostatic repulsion, a depinning transition from moving cluster to plastic flow is observed, which is characterized by a peak in threshold depinning force. The corresponding phase diagram is then mapped out. Due to the influences of disorder from substrate, the clusters are polarized by the strong external force, accompanied by the appearance of interesting orientational order parallel to the force and translational order perpendicular to the force. Under the condition of strong external force, the influences of density of pins and temperature are also studied.

Suppression of spirals and turbulence in inhomogeneous excitable media.

Suppression of spiral and turbulence in inhomogeneous media due to local heterogeneity with higher excitability is investigated numerically. When the inhomogeneity is small, control tactics by boundary periodic forcing (BPF) is effective against the existing spiral and turbulence. When the inhomogeneity of excitability is large, a rotating electric field (REF) is utilized to "smooth" regional heterogeneity based on driven synchronization. Consequently, a control approach combining BPF with REF is proposed to suppress the spiral and turbulence. The underlying mechanism of successful suppression is discussed in terms of dispersion relation.

Influences of periodic mechanical deformation on spiral breakup in excitable media.

Influences of periodic mechanical deformation (PMD) on spiral breakup that results from Doppler instability in excitable media are investigated. We present a new effect: a high degree of homogeneous PMD is favored to prevent the low-excitability-induced breakup of spiral waves. The frequency and amplitude of PMD are also significant for achieving this purpose. The underlying mechanism of successful control is also discussed, which is believed to be related to the increase of the minimum temporal period of the meandering spiral when the suitable PMD is applied.

Control of spiral breakup by an alternating advective field.

The control of spiral breakup due to Doppler instability is investigated. It is found that applying an alternating advective field with suitable amplitude and period can prevent the breakup of spiral waves. Further numerical simulations show that the growing meandering behavior of a spiral tip caused by decreasing the excitability of the medium can be efficiently suppressed by the alternating advective field, which inhibits the breakup of spiral waves eventually.