Insulin-like growth factor-1 in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: A review.

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a severe damage inflicted on the ischemic myocardium when blood flow is restored, and it commonly occurs in a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. Presently, no effective clinical treatment exists for MIRI. Accumulating evidence indicates that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a role in the intricate chain of cardiovascular events, in addition to its well-recognized growth-promoting and metabolic effects. IGF-1, a member of the insulin family, exhibits a broad spectrum of protective effects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in various tissues, especially the myocardium. In particular, earlier research has demonstrated that IGF-1 reduces cellular oxidative stress, improves mitochondrial function, interacts with noncoding RNAs, and activates cardiac downstream protective genes and protective signaling channels. This review aimed to summarize the role of IGF-1 in MIRI and elucidate its related mechanisms of action. In addition, IGF-1-related interventions for MIRI, such as ischemic preconditioning and post-conditioning, were discussed. The purpose of this review was to provide evidence supporting the activation of IGF-1 in MIRI and advocate its use as a therapeutic target.

Diagnostic and prognostic value of miR-486-5p, miR-451a, miR-21-5p and monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most serious complications of coronary heart disease. Although morbidity and mortality have been decreasing year by year, acute coronary syndrome still has a high mortality rate and disability rate. To search for accurate and effective biomarkers, we explore the diagnostic and prognostic value of microRNAs (miRNAs) and the monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) in patients with AMI. By referring to the relevant literature, miR-486-5p, miR-451a and miR-21-5p were reportedly altered in the blood of patients with ischemic heart disease. These miRNAs were selected and validated in 40 AMI patients, 22 unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and 22 healthy groups (HC) by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). All patients with AMI underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and were followed up 3 months after the operation. MHR and miR-451a expression were markedly elevated in plasma samples of AMI patients compared with the UAP and HC groups, but the expressions of miR-486-5p and miR-21-5p were significantly decreased. The expression level of miRNA-451a increased gradually among the three groups (p < 0.05). However, the expression of miRNA-21-5p showed a downward trend (p < 0.05). More importantly, MHR was significantly different before and after PCI in AMI patients (p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that MHR, miR-486-5p, miR-451a and miR-21-5p could diagnose and predict AMI. MiR-451a was a more reliable biomarker for AMI diagnosis among these miRNAs. Moreover, the combination of MHR and miRNAs had higher diagnostic value for AMI. We further demonstrated that miR-21-5p had a strong predictive ability for the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after 3 months. The results showed that circulating miR-486-5p, miR-451a, miR-21-5p and MHR may play critical roles in the early phase of AMI, and may be used as potential predictors for AMI diagnosis. Importantly, miR-451a was a more reliable biomarker in diagnosing AMI patients. Circulating miR-21-5p may be used as a predictor of MACE occurrence.

Circulating microRNA-208 family as early diagnostic biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Many recent studies have demonstrated that serum miRNA-208 (miR-208) could be a powerful biomarker in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the result of previous studies was not accurate due to the small sample sizes and controversial issues. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the relationship between the expression levels of miR-208 and AMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a preliminary literature search was performed. The study was based on articles published in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane databases before September 30, 2019. Two staff members extracted data from the included articles for meta-analysis. These data were analyzed for sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and summary receiver operator curve (SROC) analyses. RESULTS: This study included 13 pieces of literature, which contains 1703 patients with AMI and 1589 controls. The main results of our meta-analysis were as follows: The pool sensitivity and specificity of miR-208 for diagnosing AMI was 83% and 97%. The area under the SROC curve (AUC) was 93%. Mir-208 had a highly effective diagnostic capacity to distinguish AMI from chest pain patients with an AUC of 93%. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that circulating miR-208 was a reliable biomarker both for diagnosting ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). MiR-208 was sufficient to distinguish AMI patients with chest pain from healthy controls.