Limited Revision with a Newly Designed Hinge Device for the Treatment of Mega-Prosthesis Hinge Failure: Two Case Reports.

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment for hinge failure in mega-prosthesis continues to be a challenge. This study introduces a new method for treating hinge failure by using a unilateral prosthesis and hinge revision. CASE PRESENTATION: We here present two patients who underwent mega-prosthesis reconstruction after resection of osteosarcoma in the distal femur. To address the issue of knee hyperextension after mega-prosthesis reconstruction, one patient underwent three revision surgeries, two surgeries were performed using the original hinge, and one surgery involved a newly designed hinge. To resolve the problem of dislocation, one patient underwent three revisions, with the first two revisions not involving hinge replacement and the third revision involving a newly designed hinge. Two replacements of unilateral prosthesis and hinge renovations were successful. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral prosthesis and newly designed hinge device revision are effective in treating the failure of old-fashioned mega-prosthesis hinges.

Imaging Neurotransmitters with Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes.

Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in regulating communication between neurons within the brain and central nervous system. Thus, imaging neurotransmitters has become a high priority in neuroscience. This minireview focuses on recent advancements in the development of fluorescent small-molecule fluorescent probes for neurotransmitter imaging and applications of these probes in neuroscience. Innovative approaches for probe design are highlighted as well as attributes which are necessary for practical utility, with a view to inspiring new probe development capable of visualizing neurotransmitters.

RNA-seq screening and gene function analysis uncover GPR183 as a key mediator for methionine to stimulate milk synthesis in mouse mammary epithelial cells.

Methionine (Met) can activate mTOR to promote milk synthesis in mammary epithelial cells (MECs). However, it is largely unknown which G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) can mediate the stimulation of Met on mTOR activation. In this study, we employed transcriptome sequencing to analyze which GPCRs were associated with the role of Met, and further used gene function study approaches to explore the role of GPR183 in Met stimulation on mTOR activation in HC11 cells. We identified 9 GPCRs including GPR183 which expression levels were upregulated by Met treatment through RNA-seq and subsequent RT-qPCR analysis. Using GPR183 knockdown and overexpression technology, we demonstrate that GPR183 is a positive regulator of milk protein and fat synthesis and proliferation of HC11 cells. Met affected GPR183 expression in a dose-dependent manner, and GPR183 mediated the stimulation of Met (0.6 mM) on milk protein and fat synthesis, cell proliferation, and mTOR phosphorylation and mRNA expression. The inhibition of PI3K blocked the phosphorylation of mTOR and AKT stimulated by GPR183 activation. In summary, through RNA-seq and gene function study, we uncover that GPR183 is a key mediator for Met to activate the PI3K-mTOR signaling and milk synthesis in mouse MECs.

SenNet recommendations for detecting senescent cells in different tissues.

Once considered a tissue culture-specific phenomenon, cellular senescence has now been linked to various biological processes with both beneficial and detrimental roles in humans, rodents and other species. Much of our understanding of senescent cell biology still originates from tissue culture studies, where each cell in the culture is driven to an irreversible cell cycle arrest. By contrast, in tissues, these cells are relatively rare and difficult to characterize, and it is now established that fully differentiated, postmitotic cells can also acquire a senescence phenotype. The SenNet Biomarkers Working Group was formed to provide recommendations for the use of cellular senescence markers to identify and characterize senescent cells in tissues. Here, we provide recommendations for detecting senescent cells in different tissues based on a comprehensive analysis of existing literature reporting senescence markers in 14 tissues in mice and humans. We discuss some of the recent advances in detecting and characterizing cellular senescence, including molecular senescence signatures and morphological features, and the use of circulating markers. We aim for this work to be a valuable resource for both seasoned investigators in senescence-related studies and newcomers to the field.

Association between childhood obesity and gut microbiota: 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify characteristic gut genera in obese and normal-weight children (8-12 years old) using 16S rDNA sequencing. The research aimed to provide insights for mechanistic studies and prevention strategies for childhood obesity. Thirty normal-weight and thirty age- and sex-matched obese children were included. Questionnaires and body measurements were collected, and fecal samples underwent 16S rDNA sequencing. Significant differences in body mass index (BMI) and body-fat percentage were observed between the groups. Analysis of gut microbiota diversity revealed lower α-diversity in obese children. Di-fferences in gut microbiota composition were found between the two groups. Prevotella and Firmicutes were more abundant in the obese group, while Bacteroides and Sanguibacteroides were more prevalent in the control group. AIM: To identify the characteristic gut genera in obese and normal-weight children (8-12-year-old) using 16S rDNA sequencing, and provide a basis for subsequent mechanistic studies and prevention strategies for childhood obesity. METHODS: Thirty each normal-weight, 1:1 matched for age and sex, and obese children, with an obese status from 2020 to 2022, were included in the control and obese groups, respectively. Basic information was collected through questionnaires and body measurements were obtained from both obese and normal-weight children. Fecal samples were collected from both groups and subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform for gut microbiota diversity analysis. RESULTS: Significant differences in BMI and body-fat percentage were observed between the two groups. The Ace and Chao1 indices were significantly lower in the obese group than those in the control group, whereas differences were not significant in the Shannon and Simpson indices. Kruskal-Wallis tests indicated significant differences in unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances between the gut microbiota of normal-weight and obese children (P < 0.01), suggesting substantial disparities in both the species and quantity of gut microbiota between the two groups. Prevotella, Firmicutes, Bacteroides, and Sanguibacteroides were more abundant in the obese and control groups, respectively. Heatmap results demonstrated significant differences in the gut microbiota composition between obese and normal-weight children. CONCLUSION: Obese children exhibited lower α-diversity in their gut microbiota than did the normal-weight children. Significant differences were observed in the composition of gut microbiota between obese and normal-weight children.

Cabozantinib in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors for renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Context: Cabozantinib combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has brought a new therapeutic effect for the medical treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Objectives: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and single-arm trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cabozantinib plus ICIs in RCC. Methods: We extracted data from PubMed, Cochrane, Medline and Embase databases, and rated literature quality through Cochrane risk of bias tool and MINORS. RevMan5.3 software was used to analyze the results of randomized controlled trials and single-arm trials. Results: A total of 7 studies were included. Treatment with cabozantinib plus ICIs improved PFS [HR 0.75, (95%CI: 0.52, 1.08), p = 0.12] and the OS [HR 0.80, (95%CI: 0.60, 1.07), p = 0.13] in randomized controlled trials. Meanwhile, the result of the ORR in randomized controlled trials was [risk ratio (RR) 1.37, (95%CI: 1.21, 1.54), p < 0.00001] and in single-arm trials was [risk difference (RD) 0.49, (95%CI: 0.26, 0.71), p < 0.0001]. Conclusion: Cabozantinib plus ICIs prolonged the PFS and OS, and improved ORR in patients with RCC. Our recommendation is to use cabozantinib plus ICIs to treat advanced RCC, and to continuous monitor and manage the drug-related adverse events. Systematic Review Registration: identifier CRD42023455878.

Efficacy and safety of ciprofol for sedation in outpatient gynecological procedures: a phase III multicenter randomized trial.

Objective: Ciprofol (also known as cipepofol and HSK3486), is a compound similar to propofol in chemical structure and hypnotic effect. Herein we evaluated the efficacy and safety of ciprofol for sedation in outpatient gynecological procedures. Methods: This phase III multicenter randomized trial with a non-inferiority design was conducted in nine tertiary hospitals. We enrolled 135 women aged 18-65 years who were scheduled for ambulatory gynecological procedures. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either ciprofol (0.4 mg/kg for induction and 0.2 mg/kg for maintenance) or propofol (2.0 mg/kg for induction and 1.0 mg/kg for maintenance) sedation in a 2:1 ratio. Patients and investigators for data collection and outcome assessment were blinded to study group assignments. The primary outcome was the success rate of sedation, defined as completion of procedure without remedial anesthetics. The non-inferiority margin was set at -8%. Secondary outcomes included time to successful induction, time to full awake, time to meet discharge criteria, and satisfaction with sedation assessed by patients and doctors. We also monitored occurrence of adverse events and injection pain. Results: A total of 135 patients were enrolled; 134 patients (90 patients received ciprofol sedation and 44 patients propofol sedation) were included in final intention-to-treat analysis. The success rates were both 100% in the two groups (rate difference, 0.0%; 95% CI, -4.1 to 8.0%), i.e., ciprofol was non-inferior to propofol. When compared with propofol sedation, patients given ciprofol required more time to reach successful induction (median difference [MD], 2 s; 95% CI, 1 to 7; p < 0.001), and required more time to reach full awake (MD, 2.3 min; 95% CI, 1.4 to 3.1; p < 0.001) and discharge criteria (MD, 2.3 min; 95% CI, 1.5 to 3.2; p < 0.001). Fewer patients in the ciprofol group were dissatisfied with sedation (relative risk, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.77; p = 0.024). Patients given ciprofol sedation had lower incidences of treat-emergent adverse events (34.4% [31/90] vs. 79.5% [35/44]; p < 0.001) and injection pain (6.7% [6/90] vs. 61.4% [27/44]; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Ciprofol for sedation in ambulatory gynecological procedures was non-inferior to propofol, with less adverse events and injection pain. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04958746.

Food-energy-water nexus optimization brings substantial reduction of urban resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

Urban sustainability is a key to achieving the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs). Secure and efficient provision of food, energy, and water (FEW) resources is a critical strategy for urban sustainability. While there has been extensive discussion on the positive effects of the FEW nexus on resource efficiency and climate impacts, measuring the extent to which such synergy can benefit urban sustainability remains challenging. Here, we have developed a systematic and integrated optimization framework to explore the potential of the FEW nexus in reducing urban resource demand and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Demonstrated using the Metropolis Beijing, we have identified that the optimized FEW nexus can reduce resource consumption and GHG emissions by 21.0 and 29.1%, respectively. These reductions come with increased costs compared to the siloed FEW management, but it still achieved a 16.8% reduction in economic cost compared to the business-as-usual scenario. These findings underscore the significant potential of FEW nexus management in enhancing urban resource efficiency and addressing climate impacts, while also identifying strategies to address trade-offs and increase synergies.

Determination of Acetylamantadine by γ-Cyclodextrin-Assisted α-HL Nanopore for Potential Cancer Prediagnosis.

The high expression of Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT-1) is an important indicator in early cancer diagnosis. Here, we developed a nanopore-based methodology with γ-cyclodextrin as an adaptor to detect and quantify acetylamantadine, the specific SSAT-1-catalyzed product from amantadine, to accordingly reflect the activity of SSAT-1. We employ γ-cyclodextrin and report that amantadine cannot cause any secondary signals in γ-cyclodextrin-assisted α-HL nanopore, while its acetylation product, acetylamantadine, does. This allows γ-cyclodextrin to practically detect acetylamantadine in the interference of excessive amantadine, superior to the previously reported ß-cyclodextrin. The quantification of acetylamantadine was not interfered with even a 50-fold amantadine and displayed no interference in artificial urine sample analysis, which indicates the good feasibility of this nanopore-based methodology in painless cancer prediagnosis. In addition, the discrimination mechanism is also explored by 2-D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and nanopore experiments with a series of adamantane derivatives with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. We found that both the hydrophobic region matching effect and hydrophilic interactions play a synergistic effect in forming a host-guest complex to further generate the characteristic signals, which may provide insights for the subsequent design and study of drug-cyclodextrin complexes.

Firefly-inspired bipolar information indication system actuated by white light.

The indication of information in materials is widely used in our daily life, and optical encoding materials are ideal for information loading due to their easily readable nature and adjustable optical properties. However, most of them could only indicate one type of information, either changing or unchanging due to the mutual interference. Inspired by firefly, we present a non-interfering bipolar information indication system capable of indicating both changing and unchanging information. A photochemical afterglow material is incorporated into the photonic crystal matrix through a high-throughput technique called shear-induced ordering technique, which can efficiently produce large-area photonic crystal films. The indication of changing and unchanging information is enabled by two different utilizations of white light by the afterglow material and photonic crystals, respectively, which overcome the limitations of mutual interference. As a proof of concept, this system is used to indicate the changing photodegradation level of mecobalamin (a photosensitive medicine) and unchanging intrinsic drug information with anti-counterfeiting functionality, which is a promising alternative to instantly ascertain the efficacy of medicine at home where conventional assays are impractical.

CXCL9 Overexpression Predicts Better HCC Response to Anti-PD-1 Therapy and Promotes N1 Polarization of Neutrophils.

Background: Anti-programmed death-1 (PD1) antibodies have changed the treatment landscape for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and exhibit promising treatment efficacy. However, the majority of HCCs still do not respond to anti-PD-1 therapy. Methods: We analyzed the expression of CXCL9 in blood samples from patients who received anti-PD-1 therapy and evaluated its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes. Based on the results of Cox regression analysis, a nomogram was established for predicting HCC response to anti-PD-1 therapy. qRT‒PCR and multiple immunofluorescence assays were utilized to analyze the proportions of N1-type neutrophils in vitro and in tumor samples, respectively. Results: The nomogram showed good predictive efficacy in the training and validation cohorts and may be useful for guiding clinical treatment of HCC patients. We also found that HCC cell-derived CXCL9 promoted N1 polarization of neutrophils in vitro and that AMG487, a specific CXCR3 inhibitor, significantly blocked this process. Moreover, multiple immunofluorescence (mIF) showed that patients with higher serum CXCL9 levels had greater infiltration of the N1 phenotype of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs). Conclusion: Our study highlights the critical role of CXCL9 as an effective biomarker of immunotherapy efficacy and in promoting the polarization of N1-type neutrophils; thus, targeting the CXCL9-CXCR3 axis could represent a novel pharmaceutical strategy to enhance immunotherapy for HCC.

Case report: Sintilimab combined with anlotinib as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for metastatic bone tumor resection in patients with PSC.

Background: Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a rare subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy with a poor prognosis. PSC is highly malignant and is prone to recurrence even after surgery. The programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor cell proportion score (TPS) 5%, TERT and TP53 gene mutations were detected in this patient accompanied by multiple metastatic sites. The anlotinib is a novel multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that could be effective for advanced NSCLC and some sarcoma patients. Limited clinical trials and case reports have shown that PSC patients with gene mutations and PD-L1 expression have good responses to multitarget antiangiogenic drug and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In this article, we reported a case with metastatic PSC diagnosed by Computed Tomography (CT)-guided needle biopsy treated with immunotherapy combined with antiangiogenic drugs as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). PSC is controlled and the patient achieves successfully limb salvage treatment by surgical resection. Therefore, targeted therapy and immunotherapy can provide sufficient surgical opportunities for limb salvage in the treatment of metastatic PSC patients. Case summary: A 69-year-old male diagnosed with malignant bone tumor in the proximal femur was admitted to our hospital in June 2022 with recurrent fever as well as swelling and pain in the left thigh for twenty days. The initial computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest showed a pulmonary cavity (20 mm × 30 mm) and scattered lung masses. Subsequently, he underwent a CT-guided needle biopsy to distinguish the essence of osteolytic bone destruction and soft tissue mass in the left proximal femur which showed metastatic sarcomatoid carcinoma histology. Genetic testing revealed TERT c.-124C mutation (abundance 8.81%), TP53 p.R342 mutation (abundance 11.35%), tumor mutational burden (TMB) 7.09 muts/Mb, microsatellite stability (MSS), and PD-L1 (SP263) TPS 5% were also detected. The patient was tentatively treated with a combination of antiangiogenic drug and PD-1 inhibitor. After one course, the tumor volume significantly reduced in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathological fracture occurred in the femur after combined treatment. The patient received proximal femoral tumor resection and prosthesis replacement after defervescence. Sequentially sintilimab with anlotinib were administered for over 1 year. Finally, the local tumor was well controlled, and no obvious drug-related adverse reactions were observed. The lesions in the lung remained in partial response (PR) for more than 16 months and complete response (CR) of metastatic tumor in the proximal femur was observed through imaging examinations. Conclusion: This is the first reported case of a metastatic PSC in femur showing a favorable response to the treatment consisting of anlotinib combined with sintilimab. This case suggests that antiangiogenic therapy combined with immunotherapy may benefit patients with metastatic PSC in the preoperative adjuvant therapy for limb salvage.

Postovulatory Aging of Mouse Oocytes Impairs Offspring Behavior by Causing Oxidative Stress and Damaging Mitochondria.

Information on long-term effects of postovulatory oocyte aging (POA) on offspring is limited. Whether POA affects offspring by causing oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial damage is unknown. Here, in vivo-aged (IVA) mouse oocytes were collected 9 h after ovulation, while in vitro-aged (ITA) oocytes were obtained by culturing freshly ovulated oocytes for 9 h in media with low, moderate, or high antioxidant potential. Oocytes were fertilized in vitro and blastocysts transferred to produce F1 offspring. F1 mice were mated with naturally bred mice to generate F2 offspring. Both IVA and the ITA groups in low antioxidant medium showed significantly increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial and fear learning/memory and hippocampal expression of anxiolytic and learning/memory-beneficial genes in both male and female F1 offspring. Furthermore, the aging in both groups increased OS and impaired mitochondrial function in oocytes, blastocysts, and hippocampus of F1 offspring; however, it did not affect the behavior of F2 offspring. It is concluded that POA caused OS and damaged mitochondria in aged oocytes, leading to defects in anxiety-like behavior and learning/memory of F1 offspring. Thus, POA is a crucial factor that causes psychological problems in offspring, and antioxidant measures may be taken to ameliorate the detrimental effects of POA on offspring.

Ultra-High Proportion of Grain Boundaries in Zinc Metal Anode Spontaneously Inhibiting Dendrites Growth.

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries are an attractive electrochemical energy storage solution for their budget and safe properties. However, dendrites and uncontrolled side reactions in anodes detract the cycle life and energy density of the batteries.Grain boundaries in metals are generally considered as the source of the above problems but we present a diverse result. This study introduces an ultra-high proportion of grain boundaries on zinc electrodes through femtosecond laser bombardment to enhance stability of zinc metal/electrolyte interface.The ultra-high proportion of grain boundaries promotes the homogenization of zinc growth potential, to achieve uniform nucleation and growth, thereby suppressing dendrite formation. Additionally, the abundant active sites mitigate the side reactions during the electrochemical process. Consequently, the 15-µm-Fs-Zn||MnO2 pouch cell achieves an energy density of 249.4 Wh kg-1 and  operates for over 60 cycles at a depth-of-discharge of 23%. The recognition of the favorable influence exerted by UP-GBs paves a new way for other metal batteries.

Redefining Debt-to-Health, a triple-win health financing instrument in global health.

BACKGROUND: As a recognized win-win-win approach to international debt relief, Debt-to-Health(D2H)has successfully translated debt repayments into investments in health-related projects. Although D2H has experienced modifications and periodic suspension, it has been playing an increasingly important role in resource mobilization in public health, particularly for low-and middle-income countries deep in debt. MAIN TEXT: D2H, as a practical health financing instrument, is not fully evidenced and gauged by academic literature though. We employed a five-step scoping review methodology. After posing questions, we conducted comprehensive literature searches across three databases and one official website to identify relevant studies.We also supplemented our research with expert interviews. Through this review and interviews, we were able to define the concept and structure of D2H, identify stakeholders, and assess its current shortcomings. Finally, we proposed relevant countermeasures and suggestions. CONCLUSION: This paper examines the D2H project's implementation structure and influencing variables, as well as the current research plan's limitations, with a focus on the role health funding institutions have played during the project's whole life. Simultaneously, it examines the interdependencies between debtor nations, creditor nations, and health financing establishments, establishing the groundwork for augmenting and revamping D2H within the ever-changing worldwide context of health development assistance.

Microwave-assisted intralesional curettage combined with other adjuvant methods for treatment of Campanacci III giant cell tumor of bone in distal radius: a multicenter clinical study.

Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes of microwave-assisted intralesional curettage(MAIC) with those of en bloc resection and autogenous fibular reconstruction (EBR-AFR) for treating grade III giant cell tumor of the bone (GCTB) of the distal radius and to elucidate the indications for wrist preservation surgery. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, 19 patients with grade III GCTB of the distal radius who underwent surgery at three medical institutions were included and categorized based on their surgical pattern. Seven patients underwent MAIC and internal fixation with bone cement (MAIC group) and 12 underwent EBR-AFR (EBR-AFR group). To evaluate the function of the affected limb postoperatively, wrist range of motion, grip strength, Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scores were recorded. Results: The follow-up time of the MAIC group was 73.57 ± 28.61 (36-116) months, with no recurrence or lung metastasis. In contrast, the follow-up time of the EBR-AFR group was 55.67 ± 28.74 (36-132) months, with 1 case of local recurrence (8.3%, 1/12) and 1 case of lung metastasis (8.3%, 1/12). The wrist flexion, extension, supination, pronation, grip strength were better in the MAIC group than in the EBR-AFR group. Although there was no statistically significant difference in the MSTS score between the two groups, it is noteworthy that the MAIC group exhibited significantly superior emotional acceptance and hand positioning compared to the EBR-AFR group(p < 0.05). Conclusion: The functional outcomes of the MAIC group are better. The treatment strategy for grade III GCTB of the distal radius should be determined based on the specific preoperative imaging findings. Nevertheless, MAIC can be the preferred surgical approach for most patients with grade III GCTB of the distal radius, particularly for young patients.

Impact of wildfire ash on skin and gut microbiomes and survival of Rana dybowskii.

Climate change and human activities escalate the frequency and intensity of wildfires, threatening amphibian habitats and survival; yet, research on these impacts remains limited. Wildfire ash alters water quality, introduces contaminants, and may disrupt microbial communities, impacting gut and skin microbiota; however, the effects on gut and skin microbiota remain unclear. Rana dybowskii were exposed to five concentrations (0 g L-1, 1.25 g L-1, 2.5 g L-1, 5 g L-1, and 10 g L-1) of aqueous extracts of wildfire ashes (AEAs) for 30 days to assess AEAs' metal content, survival, and microbiota diversity via Illumina sequencing. Our results showed that the major elements in ash were Ca > K > Mg > Al > Fe > Na > Mn, while in AEA they were K > Ca > Na > Mg > As > Al > Cu. A significant decrease in amphibian survival rates with increased AEA concentration was shown. The beta diversity analysis revealed distinct shifts in microbiota composition. Notably, bacterial genera associated with potential health risks showed increased abundance in skin microbiota, emphasising the potential for ash exposure to affect amphibian health. Functional prediction analyses revealed significant shifts in metabolic pathways related to health and disease, indicating that wildfire ash exposure may influence amphibian health through changes in microbial functions. This study highlights the urgent need for strategies to mitigate wildfire ash impacts on amphibians, as it significantly alters microbiota and affects their survival and health.

Recovering carbon fibers from waste CFRPs via pyrolysis-oxidation method: Implications for reuse in remanufactured materials.

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) have gained widespread usage due to their promising physiochemical properties, while this causes large amounts of waste CFRPs worldwide. In this study, carbon fibers were successfully recovered from waste CFRPs through the pyrolysis-oxidation method, and the recovered fibers were reused in remanufacturing the secondary generation CFRPs. Moreover, the individual and interactive effects of pyrolysis-oxidation recovering parameters on the mechanical strength of the resulting remanufactured CFRPs (reCFRPs) were investigated. The recovered carbon fibers displayed surface chemical structures similar to virgin fibers but with high contents of oxygen-containing bonds. The tensile strength retention (TSR) of the reCFRPs was primarily influenced by oxidation temperature. Notably, a higher oxidation temperature, especially exceeding 560 °C, amplified the impact of oxidation duration on the TSR value. Similarly, concerning interlaminar shear strength retention (ISSR), the oxidation stage had a more substantial effect compared to the pyrolysis stage. As the oxidation temperature increased from 500 °C to 600 °C, the ISSR value initially increased and then decreased, irrespective of variations in pyrolysis parameters. Additionally, through integrating the response surface methodology (RSM) analysis and multi-island genetic algorithm (MIGA) global optimization, three recovery strategies, along with the corresponding processing parameters, were proposed to meet diverse requirements. The conclusions could provide valuable insights for optimizing the recovery and reuse of carbon fibers from waste CFRPs.

Effect of 3D printing and traditional molding on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in steamed bread.

The production process of fermented black wheat steamed bread is closely related to the overall quality and nutritional content. In this study, we investigated the accuracy, product texture profile and antioxidant activity of fermented black wheat steamed bread samples produced by piston and spiral three-dimensional (3D) printers. The steaming process generally increased the total phenolic content and flavonoid content of the samples. The spiral 3D printer obtained samples with higher accuracy, total phenolic content up to 1960.43 Mg GAE/kg, and higher cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) content. The samples printed by the piston 3D printer showed higher total flavonoid content (575.75 Mg QE/kg), 2, 2'-azobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) values and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) values. This study shows that antioxidant-rich health foods can be prepared using 3D printed black wheat flour. The choice of 3D printing method affects the overall quality and nutritional content of the final product.

Inhibition of fatty acid uptake by TGR5 prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by myocardial lipid accumulation and cardiac dysfunction. Bile acid metabolism is known to play a crucial role in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), a major bile acid receptor, has been implicated in metabolic regulation and myocardial protection. However, the precise involvement of the bile acid-TGR5 pathway in maintaining cardiometabolic homeostasis remains unclear. Here we show decreased plasma bile acid levels in both male and female participants with diabetic myocardial injury. Additionally, we observe increased myocardial lipid accumulation and cardiac dysfunction in cardiomyocyte-specific TGR5-deleted mice (both male and female) subjected to a high-fat diet and streptozotocin treatment or bred on the diabetic db/db genetic background. Further investigation reveals that TGR5 deletion enhances cardiac fatty acid uptake, resulting in lipid accumulation. Mechanistically, TGR5 deletion promotes localization of CD36 on the plasma membrane through the upregulation of CD36 palmitoylation mediated by the palmitoyl acyltransferase DHHC4. Our findings indicate that the TGR5-DHHC4 pathway regulates cardiac fatty acid uptake, which highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting TGR5 in the management of diabetic cardiomyopathy.