Downregulation of long non-coding RNA ZXF1 restricts cell survival by targeting miR-634-GRB2 in lung adenocarcinoma.

Increasing evidence demonstrates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important regulatory roles in mediating initiation and progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LA), which is one of the most lethal in humans. A previous study reported that lncRNAZXF1 was dysregulated in LA and enhanced expression of ZXF1 promoted the invasion and metastasis in LA. However, the effect of ZXF1 on LA progression and its underlying mechanisms were not thoroughly investigated. In our in vitro experiments, qRT-PCR revealed that the expression level of ZXF1 in LA tissues and tumor cells were significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues and normal cells. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay, western blot and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay showed that ZXF1 could directly interact with miR-634, which targets GRB2. Therefore, we propose that ZXF1 could function as an oncogene partly by sponging miR-634 and therefore regulating GRB2 expression in LA. Overall, this study demonstrated, for the first time, that the lncRNA ZXF1/miR-634/GRB2 axis plays crucial roles in modulating LA progression. Moreover, lncRNA ZXF1 might potentially improve LA prognosis and serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of LA.

Treatment of scapular fractures with lateral incision and bridge combined internal fixation system / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical results of scapula fractures with lateral incision combined with bridge internal fixation system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From October 2012 to December 2016, 20 cases of scapular fractures were treated through the lateral incision combined with bridge fixation system, including 15 males and 5 females, with an average age of 31.6 years old(ranged, 21 to 52 years old). Fourteen cases were scapular body fracture, 10 were scapular neck fracture, 6 were scapular fracture, 1 was acromion fracture, 1 was coracoid fracture, 4 were the glenoid rim fracture, 3 were the glenoid fossa fracture. The operation time ranged from 4 to 15 d after injury with an average of 10 d.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 20 cases were followed up for 3 to 24 months with an average of 15 months. Wound infection occurred in 2 cases after operation, and was healed after wound debridement and change dressing; no osteomyelitis, iatrogenic nerve injury, breakage of internal fixation, fracture displacement, joint stiffness occurred. Callus growth was observed at the fracture site 3 months after operation, the fracture healing time was 4 to 7 months, fracture healing was good without delayed union or malunion. According to Hardegger shoulder score, the results were excellent in 12 cases, good in 6 cases, moderate in 2 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Lateral incision approach combined with bridge internal fixation system for scapula fractures has the advantages of easy operation, revealed clearly, and the incision can be arbitrary to extend on both sides, to provide favorable conditions for the reduction and fixation of fracture. Bridge combined internal fixation system has the advantages of flexible operation, reliable fixation strength, is a good choice for treatment of scapula fracture.</p>

Over-expression of survivin and VEGF in small-cell lung cancer may predict the poorer prognosis.

The expression of survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis can be seen in most tumors and is correlated with the angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). But little is known about their contribution in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). This study was designed to investigate the expression of survivin and VEGF in SCLC, and to explore their correlation with clinical-pathological feature and prognosis. Forty-five patients with pathological histology of SCLC were entered into this study. Forty-five cases of matched adjacent non-tumor samples and 10 samples of operated patients with benign lung tumor were also included as control. The expression of survivin and VEGF was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC, SP). These two sets of data were processed and tested for correlation with major patients' characteristics, and overall survival. The correlations between survivin and VEGF expressions and the clinical-pathological features were evaluated by chi-square test. The correlation between survivin and VEGF expressions was analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation test; the overall survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method; and the relationship between clinical and pathological features and overall survival was analyzed by the Cox proportional hazard models. Positive expression rate of survivin and VEGF was significantly higher in SCLC than those of adjacent non-tumor tissues and benign lung tumor tissues (73.3 vs. 15.6 vs. 0 %, P < 0.05) and (75.6 vs. 20 vs. 0 %, P < 0.05), respectively. Survivin and VEGF expressions were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.003, 0.011) and clinical stage (P = 0.006, 0.021). The expression of survivin was significantly coincident with the expression of VEGF (r = 0.644, P = 0.000). The median overall survival in survivin positive group and VEGF positive group was significantly shorter than those in survivin negative and VEGF negative group, respectively (log-rank P = 0.000). Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that survivin expression (HR 0.224; 95 % CI 0.074-0.675; P = 0.008) and VEGF expression (HR 0.172; 95 % CI 0.054-0.559; P = 0.003) were statistically independent predictive factors of poorer prognosis for SCLC patients. Our results indicated that survivin and VEGF were over-expressed in small-cell lung cancer, each of them may be an independent poor prognostic factor.

[The clinical signifcance of expression of ERCC1 and PkCalpha in non-small cell lung cancer].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Excision repair cross-complementing 1 (Excision-Repair Cross-Complementing 1, ERCC1), an important member of the DNA repair gene family, plays a key role in nucleotide excision repair and apoptosis of tumor cells. Protein kinase C-alpha (Protein kinase C, PKCalpha), an isozyme in protein kinase C family, is an important signaling molecule in signal transduction pathways of tumors, which has been implicated in malignant transformation and proliferation. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical significance of ERCC1 and PKCalpha in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: The expression of ERCC1 and PKCalpha were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the specimens of 51 cases of NSCLC patients tissue and 21 cases of paracancerous tissue. The relationship between detected data and patients' clinical parameters was analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. RESULTS: The positive expression rate of ERCC1 and PKCalpha in NSCLC tissues was significantly higher than paracancerous tissues (P < 0.05). Expression of ERCC1 was closely related to clinical stage and N stage. The positive rate of ERCC1 was higher in III+IV or N1+N2 stage patients compared with I+II or N0 stage (P = 0.011, P = 0.015). We also found that 5-year survival of negative group of ERCC1 was remarkably higher than that of positive group by chi2 test (P < 0.05). Expression of ERCC1 was positively correlative to PKCalpha by Spearman's correlation analysis (r = 0.425, P = 0.002) in NSCLC. CONCLUSION: The results suggest ERCC1 and PKCalpha might be correlated with the development of NSCLC. ERCC1 might be related to prognosis of NSCLC. There might be existed a mechanism of coordination or regulation between ERCC1 and PKCalpha.

[Development of tumor treatment-related premature ovarian failure and ovarian function reconstruction].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the reason of tumor treatment-related premature ovarian failure, and to review the progress of ovarian functional reconstruction. METHODS: The literature about the effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on ovarian function and reconstruct ovarian function was reviewed, analysed and summarized. RESULTS: Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can both affect ovarian function. The ovarian function reconstruction included fresh ovarian transplantation and ovarian cryopreservation and transplantation. Frequent ovarian cryopreservation was procedure slow-freezing protocols and vitrification protocols. Some laboratory and animal models of ovarian function reconstruction have come to gratifying results. CONCLUSION: Ovarian function reconstruction has a potential clinical value and provides a promising future.

[Subcellular localization of survivin in non-small cell lung cancer].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Survivin, a member of inhibitors of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, is expressed in most tumors as well as in different subcelluar units of tumors. This study was to investigate the clinical significance of survivin in different subcellular units in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: The protein expression of survivin was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the specimens from 51 cases of NSCLC and 21 cases of paracancerous tissues. The relationship between survivin expression and clinical characteristics of patients was analyzed using SPSS 13.0 software. RESULTS: Positive expression of survivin was mainly detected in cytoplasm and / or nucleus of NSCLC tissues, and the positive rates were 49.0%(25/51), 72.5%(37/51), 3.9%(2/51), 27.5%(14/51) and 23.5%(12/51) in cytoplasm only, in cytoplasm, in nucleus only, in nucleus, and both in cytoplasm and nucleus, respectively. The positive expression rate of survivin was significantly higher in NSCLC tissues (76.5%, 39/51) than in paracancerous tissues (19.0%, 4/21) (P=0.000). The expression of survivin in cytoplasm was correlated with differentiation of tumors (P=0.007). Positive staining of survivin in nucleus, both in cytoplasm and nucleus were significantly related to clinical stage and N stage of NSCLC (P<0.05). The positive rate of survivin was higher in III+IV or N1+N2 stage patients than in I+II or N0 stage patients, respectively (P<0.05). The five-year survival rate was lower in patients with positive expression of survivin in nucleus than in those with negative expression in nucleus(P<0.05). The clinical stage and status of recurrence or metastasis were two independent prognostic factors for the survival of NSCLC patients. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of survivin might be related to the origin and development of NSCLC. The positive expression of survivin in nucleus might be associated with invasion, progression and poor prognosis of NSCLC.