Development of an Escherichia coli whole cell biocatalyst for the production of hyperoside.

OBJECTIVE: To produce high concentrations of hyperoside from quercetin using recombinant Escherichia coli with in situ regeneration of UDP-galactose. RESULTS: Sucrose synthase from Glycine max (GmSUS) was co-expressed with UDP-glucose epimerase from E. coli (GalE) in E. coli for regenerating UDP-galactose from UDP and sucrose. Glycosyltransferase from Petunia hybrida (PhUGT) was introduced to synthesize hyperoside from quercetin through the regeneration system of UDP-galactose. Co-expressing with molecular chaperones GroEL/ES successfully enhanced the catalytic efficiency of the recombinant strain, which assisted the soluble expression of PhUGT. By using a fed-batch approach, the production of hyperoside reached 863.7 mg L-1 with a corresponding molar conversion of 93.6% and a specific productivity of 72.5 mg L-1 h-1. CONCLUSION: The method described herein for hyperoside production can be widely applied for the synthesis of isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, kaempferol-3-O-galactoside and other flavonoids.

Analysis of Ornidazole Injection in Clinical Use at Post-marketing Stage by Centralized Hospital Monitoring System.

This study aims to analyze the clinical use of ornidazole injection at the post-marketing stage by centralized hospital monitoring system method, and investigate its widespread use in patients, in order to regulate and guide the rational drug use, improve the drug specificity and provide a basis for drug therapy. The study adopts a prospective, multi-center, large sample size, centralized hospital monitoring system. We selected five leading hospitals in Hubei province, and observed the inpatients who received the ornidazole injection from July 1, 2015 to October 31, 2015. The basic information of patients was recorded, as well as the drug use and adverse events. The statistical analysis was performed based on these data. A total of 4396 individuals were enrolled in this study, most of them were middle-aged female patients and the ornidazole injection was mainly used as prophylactic prior to surgery to prevent the infections, and surgical treatment of anaerobic infections, abdominal infections and pelvic infections. The irrational drug use existed mainly in the prescribing and administration process, including unreasonable dosing frequency, rapid intravenous drip speed and extended duration of drug use. Eleven cases of adverse reactions were collected during the monitoring, incidence rate of adverse reactions was 2.5‰; adverse drug reactions occurred within 30 min. The study results fully reflected the usage of ornidazole injection in the real world. Based on the study, we calculated the adverse reaction incidence of ornidazole and identified the risk factors which may affect the safety of ornidazole injection. Study results strongly recommend that the manufacturers should publish standards for inpatient use and doctors should prescribe with caution accordingly.