MicroRNA-495 downregulates AQP1 and facilitates proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in mice with tibial fracture through activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Osteoblasts are implicated in the building of the vertebrate skeleton. The current study aimed to investigate the role of microRNA-495 (miR-495) in the osteoblasts of mice with tibial fractures and the underlying mechanism involving in aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway. Initially, a microarray-based analysis was performed to screen the differentially expressed genes and miRNAs associated with tibial fracture. Following the establishment of a tibial fracture mouse model, the positive rate of the AQP1 protein in the fracture tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Next, to verify the binding site between miR-495 on AQP1, bioinformatics data were employed in addition to the application of a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 was treated with miR-495 mimic, miR-495 inhibitor and Anisomycin to explore the potent effects of miR-495 on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in mice with tibial fracture. The expression of miR-495, AQP1, p38 MAPK, PCNA, Cyclin D1, OCN, and OPN was subsequently evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Cell viability, the number of calcium nodules and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were detected by MTT assay, alizarin red staining, and ALP activity assay, respectively. Our results revealed that miR-495 was down-regulated while AQP1 was up-regulated in the mice with tibial fractures. AQP1 was verified as a target gene of miR-495. When the cells were treated with overexpressed miR-495 or activated p38 MAPK signaling pathway, elevated expression of PCNA, Cyclin, D1, OCN, and OPN along with an increased amount of calcium nodules, higher cell viability, and enhanced ALP activity was detected, while the expression of AQP1 was reduced. Collectively, the key findings of the present study support the notion that overexpressed miR-495 may activate the p38 MAPK signaling pathway to inhibit AQP1 and to promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in mice with tibial fracture.

[Replantation of amputated ear with microtechnique].

OBJECTIVE: To report replantation of amputated ear with microtechnique in 5 cases. METHODS: From 2002 to 2005, 5 totally amputated ears were replanted and 4 obediently, 1 retrogressively. In every case, 1-2 arteries and 1-3 veins were anastomosed. Seven vessels were detective and 1-6 cm vessels were transplanted from forearm or dorsal side of hand. Amputated ears obtained blood supply again in about 6-10 hours after injury and exploration was enforced for venous crisis in 2 cases, and bloodletting in 1 case. RESULTS: All 5 cases survived. Auricles possess perfect shape, no pigmentation, slight atrophy and perfect sensation. CONCLUSIONS: Amputated ear should be replanted as long as no obvious contusion occurred, and the keys to prevent vascular crisis are cutting off unhealthy vessels, grafting superficial veins for bridging, and the high quality of vascular anastomosis.