Tartary buckwheat protein-derived peptide AFYRW alleviates H2O2-induced vascular injury via the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway.

Tartary buckwheat protein-derived peptide (Ala-Phe-Tyr-Arg-Trp, AFYRW) is a natural active peptide that hampers the atherosclerosis process, but the underlying role of AFYRW in angiogenesis remains unknown. Here, we present a system-based study to evaluate the effects of AFYRW on H2O2-induced vascular injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were co-incubated with H2O2 for 2 h in the vascular injury model, and AFYRW was added 24 h in advance to investigate the protective mechanism of vascular injury. We identified that AFYRW inhibits oxidative stress, cell migration, cell invasion, and angiogenesis in H2O2-treated HUVECs. In addition, we found H2O2-induced upregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and nuclear translocation of NF-κB decreased by AFYRW. Taken together, AFYRW attenuated H2O2-induced vascular injury through the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Thereby, AFYRW may serve as a therapeutic option for vascular injuries.

Surface Integrity and Corrosion Resistance of 42CrMo4 High-Strength Steel Strengthened by Hard Turning.

To improve the surface corrosion resistance of 42CrMo4 high-strength steel used in a marine environment, this article studied the effects of hard turning on the surface integrity and corrosion resistance of 42CrMo4 high-strength steel through the single factor experimental method, namely hard turning, polarization corrosion, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization curve, and salt spray tests. The results indicated that the surface integrity was modified by the hard turning, with a surface roughness lower than Ra 0.8 µm, decreased surface microhardness, fine and uniform surface microstructure, and dominant surface residual compressive stress. The hard turning process was feasible to strengthen the surface corrosion resistance of 42CrMo4 high-strength steel. The better corrosion resistance of the surface layer than that of the substrate material can be ascribed to the uniform carbides and compact microstructure. The corrosion resistance varied with cutting speeds as a result of the changed surface microhardness and residual compressive stress, varied with feed rates as a result of the changed surface roughness, and varied with cutting depths as a result of the changed surface residual compressive stress, respectively. The surface integrity with smaller surface roughness and microhardness and bigger surface residual compressive stress was beneficial for corrosion resistance.

Cardiovascular control responses in high intensity exercise stress tests / Respostas de controle cardiovascular em testes de estresse de exercícios de alta intensidade / Respuestas de control cardiovascular en pruebas de estrés de ejercicios de alta intensidad

ABSTRACT Introduction: High intensity exercise is an important factor to achieve the best exercise effect, and is closely related to the patient's safety and rehabilitation. Objective: To investigate the effects of high intensity exercise on cardiovascular response and substance and energy metabolism. Methods: 50 male students at a university were selected. The average age of the subjects was 23 years old. Process of the experiment: Before the experiment, each subject took routine warm-up activities first, then put on the experimental equipment and began to run 100 meters. At the same time, the subjects' heart rate, blood oxygen parameters and exercise time were recorded. After passing the finish line, a period of heart rate recording and blood oxygen parameters were continued. Results: Anaerobic metabolism was the main activity in the 100m race. The first 7s after the start of the race, there is a non-lactic acid process without oxygen metabolism, and the muscle oxygen saturation curve presents little change. Conclusions: High intensity exercise in sports training and physical exercise can lead to reduced heart rate variability. The increased incidence of various arrhythmias should be based on the actual situation of the movement of the object, and a reasonable arrangement of exercise load intensity. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: Exercícios de alta intensidade são um importante fator para alcançar o melhor efeito de exercícios, e está estreitamente ligado a segurança e reabilitação do paciente. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos de exercícios de alta intensidade na resposta cardiovascular e no metabolismo de substâncias e energia. Métodos: 50 estudantes do sexo masculino em uma universidade foram selecionados. A idade média dos sujeitos do estudo era de 23 anos. Processo do experimento: Antes de iniciar, primeiramente, cada estudante fez aquecimentos de rotina. Após, colocaram o equipamento experimental e começaram a correr 100 metros. Ao mesmo tempo, a frequência cardíaca, parâmetros de oxigenação do sangue e tempo do exercício foram registrados. Após passar a linha de chegada, continuou-se a registrar a frequência cardíaca e os parâmetros de oxigenação do sangue por um tempo. Resultados: O metabolismo anaeróbico foi a atividade principal na corrida de 100 metros. Nos sete segundos após o início da corrida, há um processo ácido não láctico sem a metabolização de oxigênio e a curva de saturação de oxigênio do músculo apresenta pouca alteração. Conclusões: Exercícios de alta intensidade no treinamento esportivo e o exercício físico pode levar à variabilidade reduzida de frequência cardíaca. O aumento na incidência de várias arritmias deve se basear na situação real de movimento do sujeito e um manejo razoável da intensidade da carga do exercício. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação de resultados de tratamento.

Resumen Introducción: Ejercicios de alta intensidad son un importante factor en alcanzar el mejor efecto de ejercicio, y está estrechamente relacionado a la seguridad y rehabilitación del paciente. Objetivo: Investigar los efectos de ejercicios de alta intensidad en la respuesta cardiovascular y en el metabolismo de sustancias y energía. Métodos: Se seleccionó 50 estudiantes del sexo masculino en una universidad. La edad media de los sujetos del estudio era de 23 años. Proceso del experimento: Antes de empezar, primeramente, cada estudiante hizo calentamientos de rutina. Después, pusieron el aparato experimental y empezaron a correr 100 metros. Al mismo tiempo, se registró la frecuencia cardíaca, parámetros de oxigenación de la sangre y el tiempo del ejercicio. Después de pasar la línea de llegada, se continuó a registrar la frecuencia cardíaca y los parámetros de oxigenación de la sangre por un tiempo. Resultados: El metabolismo anaeróbico fue la actividad principal en la carrera de 100 metros. 7 segundos tras el comienzo de la carrera, hay un proceso ácido no láctico sin la metabolización de oxígeno y la curva de saturación de oxígeno del músculo presenta poca alteración. Conclusiones: Ejercicios de alta intensidad en el entrenamiento deportivo y el ejercicio físico puede llevar a la variabilidad reducida de frecuencia cardíaca. El aumento en la incidencia de varias arritmias debe basarse en la situación real de movimiento del sujeto y un manejo razonable de la intensidad de carga del ejercicio. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de resultados de tratamiento.

Isolation and identification of antioxidant peptides from tartary buckwheat albumin (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) and their antioxidant activities.

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) albumin was hydrolyzed by alkaline protease, and three new antioxidant peptides (P1, P2, and P3) were successfully separated from the hydrolysate (TBAH). The sequences of the three antioxidant peptides were Gly-Glu-Val-Pro-Trp (GEVPW), Tyr-Met-Glu-Asn-Phe (YMENF), and Ala-Phe-Tyr-Arg-Trp (AFYRW), and their molecular weights were 586.65, 702.79, and 741.85 Da, respectively. All three peptides have a good antioxidant capacity, and P3 (AFYRW) demonstrates the best antioxidant activity of the three. The IC50 values of AFYRW for scavenging hydroxyl radicals (OH·) and (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) DPPH· free radicals were 0.65 and 0.64 mM, respectively. In addition, AFYRW exhibits the strongest lipid peroxidation inhibition ability and the highest reducing power. The results of this research indicate that the three isolated peptides can be used in the development of various antioxidant additives in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

[Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype and histogenesis of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT). METHODS: Fourteen cases of DNT were retrieved from the archival files of the Department. The histopathologic features and immunohistochemical findings were retrospectively studied. The long-term follow-up data were analyzed. RESULTS: Eleven of the 14 cases studied were located in the temporal lobe. Histologically, the tumor consisted of a heterogeneous admixture of neuronal and glial cells (including 1 simple form case, 8 complex form cases and 5 non-specific form cases). The specific glioneuronal element was seen in 9 cases. Variable degrees of cortical dysplasia (CD) were found in 10 out of the 11 cases which had sufficient tissue samples for thorough histologic examination. The morphologic appearance of CD included the presence of heterotopic neurons in molecular layer and/or white matter (7 cases), persistent subpial granular cell layer (4 cases), dyslamination (10 cases) and cellular abnormalities. Immunohistochemically, the oligodendroglial-like cells expressed Olig2. Some of which were positive for nestin, MAP-2, neurofilament and glial fibrillary acidic protein, but negative for NeuN. Long-term follow up revealed that 12 patients had class I postoperative seizure and 2 patients had class II seizure. No tumor recurrence was detected. CONCLUSIONS: DNT is frequently associated with CD. The morphologic diagnosis can be confirmed by immunohistochemical study using a panel of antibodies.

Papillary glioneuronal tumor: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of two cases.

Papillary glioneuronal tumor (PGNT) has recently been identified as a new variant of mixed neuronal-glial tumors. We report the clinical and pathological features of PGNT in two Chinese patients. One patient was a 35-year-old man who suffered from intractable seizures for 16 years. Another was a 26-year-old woman who presented with headache for 2 years. In both patients, magnetic resonance imaging showed well demarcated, mixed cystic and solid tumor in the temporal lobe. Histology of the excised tumors revealed a pseudopapillary architecture surrounded by a glial component and intervening areas were occupied by neuronally differentiated cells. No cortical dysplasia was found in the neighboring cortex in one of them. The glial component showed immunoreactivity with glial fibrillary acidic protein and S-100 protein. Neuronally differentiated cells were immunolabeled by antisynaptophysin, NF, NeuN and MAP2 antibodies. Some small cells surrounding the surface of the pseudopapillae and in the compact area were immunopositive for Olig2. The MIB-1 labeling index was < 3%. The tumor did not recur within the follow-up periods of 50 months and 13 months, and the patient with temporal lobe epilepsy became seizure-free after surgery.

[Study of loss of heterozygosity in oligodendroglial tumors by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based microsatellite analysis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosomes 1p or 19q in oligodendroglial tumors. METHODS: Twenty-eight cases of oligodendroglial tumors were enrolled into the study. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based microsatellite analysis was performed on paraffin-embedded tumor tissues in order to study the status of chromosomes 1p and 19q. RESULTS: Among the 28 cases of oligodendroglial tumors, 24 cases (85.7%) showed 1p LOH, while 18 cases (64.3%) showed 19q LOH and 17 cases (60.7%) showed LOH of both 1p and 19q. LOH at 1p or 19q was present in 25 (89.3%) of the 28 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based microsatellite analysis is a rapid and specific way in detecting LOH in paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. LOH at 1p or 19q is present in majority of the oligodendroglial tumors studied.

[Expression and diagnostic significance of OCT4, CD117 and CD30 in germ cell tumors].

OBJECTIVE: To study the immunohistochemical expression of OCT4, CD117 and CD30 in germ cell tumors and to assess their diagnostic value. METHODS: Immunohistochemical study for OCT4 was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of 63 cases of germ cell tumors, including seminoma (21), dysgerminoma (7), germinoma (8), embryonal carcinoma (8), yolk sac tumor (6), mature teratoma (10) and immature teratoma (3), as well as 25 cases of non-germ cell tumors, including granulosa cell tumor (8), clear cell adenocarcinoma (4), Leydig's cell tumor (5), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (4) and malignant melanoma (4). Besides, the expression of CD117 and CD30 in all germ cell tumors was studied. RESULTS: All cases of seminoma and germinoma, 6/7 cases of dysgerminoma and 7/8 cases of embryonal carcinoma were positive for OCT4, with strong nuclear staining. All other germ cell tumors and non-germ cell tumors were negative for OCT4, except for 1 case of yolk sac tumor and 1 case of clear cell adenocarcinoma which showed weak staining. Positive membranous expression of CD117 was demonstrated in 19/21(90.5%) seminoma, 5/7 dysgerminoma and 7/8 germinoma. Focal weak membranous staining was also noted in 1 case of yolk sac tumor. The melanocytes in teratoma were also positive for CD117. All cases of embryonal carcinoma were negative. On the other hand, positive membranous expression of CD30 were demonstrated in 6/8 embryonal carcinoma. One case of germinoma and 1 case of yolk sac tumor showed weak cytoplasmic positivity. All cases of seminoma and dysgerminoma, 7/8 germinoma and all cases of teratoma were negative for CD30. CONCLUSIONS: OCT4 is a sensitive and relatively specific marker for diagnosing seminoma, dysgerminoma, germinoma and embryonal carcinoma. CD117 and CD30 immunostains, when used in combination, represent valuable tools for distinguishing embryonal carcinoma and seminoma, dysgerminoma, germinoma.