Reversal of the Parallel Drift Frequency in Anomalous Transport of Impurity Ions.

It is found that, in the studies of heavy ion transport with gyrokinetic simulations, the ion parallel drift frequency can reverse sign in velocity space when the amplitude variation of the electrostatic potential fluctuation is strong along the magnetic field line. As a result, the particle transport related to the parallel dynamics is strongly enhanced. It is noted that, while parallel gradient of the fluctuation amplitude can be instigated by a large magnetic shear or safety factor in a tokamak, the generic mechanism is independent of its cause, which suggests broader applications to kinetic plasma problems. Some relevant topics are briefly addressed in the end.

A prognostic assessment predicated by blood culture-based bacteria clustering from real-world evidence: Novel strategies and perspectives on prevention and management of sepsis.

Sepsis, a syndrome with disturbed host response to severe infection, is a critical health problem worldwide. It is urged to develop and update novel therapeutic strategies for improving the outcome of sepsis. In this study, we demonstrated that different bacteria clustering in sepsis patients may generate differences of prognosis results. We extracted all the sepsis patients from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV 2.0 (MIMIC-IV 2.0) critical care data set according to certain standards and clinical score, a total of 2,339 patients were included in our study. Then we used multiple data analytics and machine learning methods to make all data deeply analyzed and elucidated. The results showed that the types of bacteria infected by patients with different ages, sex and race are different, the types of bacteria infected by patients with different SIRS values and GCS scores of the first day are different, and the severity of patients with different clusters is different, and most importantly, the survival rate of patients with different clusters also has this significant difference. We concluded prognostic assessment predicated by bacteria clustering might be a relatively potentially novel strategies and perspectives on prevention and management for sepsis in the future.

The role of amino acid metabolism alterations in pancreatic cancer: From mechanism to application.

The incidence of pancreatic cancer is increasing in both developed and developing Nations. In recent years, various research evidence suggested that reprogrammed metabolism may play a key role in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and development. Therefore, it has great potential as a diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic target. Amino acid metabolism is deregulated in pancreatic cancer, and changes in amino acid metabolism can affect cancer cell status, systemic metabolism in malignant tumor patients and mistakenly involved in different biological processes including stemness, proliferation and growth, invasion and migration, redox state maintenance, autophagy, apoptosis and even tumor microenvironment interaction. Generally, the above effects are achieved through two pathways, energy metabolism and signal transduction. This review aims to highlight the current research progress on the abnormal alterations of amino acids metabolism in pancreatic cancer, how they affect tumorigenesis and development of pancreatic cancer and the application prospects of them as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets.

A Bibliometric Analysis of the Role of 3D Technology in Liver Cancer Resection.

BACKGROUND: Liver cancer resection is an effective but complex way to treat liver cancer, and complex anatomy is one of the reasons for the difficulty of surgery. The use of 3D technology can help surgeons cope with this dilemma. This article intends to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the role of 3D technology in liver cancer resection. METHODS: (TS = (3D) OR TS = (three-dimensional)) AND (TS = (((hepatic) OR (liver)) AND ((cancer) OR (tumor) OR (neoplasm)))) AND (TS = (excision) OR TS = (resection)) was used as a search strategy for data collection in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection. CiteSpace, Carrot2 and Microsoft Office Excel were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Three hundred and eighty-eight relevant articles were obtained. Their annual and journal distribution maps were produced. Countries/regions and institutions collaboration, author collaboration, references co-citations and their clusters and keywords co-occurrences and their clusters were constructed. Carrot2 cluster analysis was performed. CONCLUSIONS: There was an overall upward trend in the number of publications. China's contribution was greater, and the USA had greater influence. Southern Med Univ was the most influential institution. However, the cooperation between institutions still needs to be further strengthened. Surgical Endoscopy and Other Interventional Techniques was the most published journal. Couinaud C and Soyer P were the authors with the highest citations and centrality, respectively. "Liver planning software accurately predicts postoperative liver volume and measures early regeneration" was the most influential article. 3D printing, 3D CT and 3D reconstruction may be the mainstream of current research, and augmented reality (AR) may be a future hot spot.

A Novel Scientometrics Research on the Interaction between Oxidative Stress and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Complications: From Graft-versus-Host Disease to Sepsis.

As major and serious complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and sepsis are the chief causes of low survival rates as well as mortality and for HSCT recipients. Although the overall treatment outcomes of HSCT have improved significantly in recent years, there is still an increased incidence rate of complications and mortality after transplantation. In the immediate past, with a deeper understanding of oxidative stress, more and more shreds of evidence have shown that it is closely related to transplantation-related sepsis. However, there is currently a precious little research on the interaction between oxidative stress and complications after HSCT, and the major mechanism has not yet been clarified. The objective of this study was to assess the internal connection between and potential mechanisms as well as visualized the scientometrics results of all important literature related to the topic. Through exhaustive scientometrics analysis, we searched and carefully screened 286 related publications from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) with "((HSCT) OR (hematopoietic stem cell transplantation)) AND (oxidative stress)" as the search strategy. Then, detailed visualization of the overall information analysis was made by scientific and rigorous bibliometrics software or website. Next, we analyzed retrieved articles extensively and then 59 publications that are relevant to this topic were selected for nuanced analysis and summary. The assessment of these studies proved the validity of the interaction between oxidative stress and complications after HSCT objectively and directly.

Dietary energy restriction in neurological diseases: what's new?

Energy-restricted diet is a specific dietary regimen, including the continuous energy-restricted diet and the intermittent energy-restricted diet. It has been proven effective not only to reduce weight and extend the lifespan in animal models, but also to regulate the development and progression of various neurological diseases such as epilepsy, cerebrovascular diseases (stroke), neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease) and autoimmune diseases (multiple sclerosis). However, the mechanism in this field is still not clear and a systematic neurological summary is still missing. In this review, we first give a brief summary of the definition and mainstream strategies of energy restrictions. We then review evidence about the effects of energy-restricted diet from both animal models and human trials, and update the current understanding of mechanisms underlying the biological role of energy-restricted diet in the fight against neurological diseases. Our review thus contributes to the modification of dietary regimen and the search for special diet mimics.

The Application of Three-Dimensional Technologies in the Improvement of Orthopedic Surgery Training and Medical Education Quality: A Comparative Bibliometrics Analysis.

Orthopedics is a medical specialty that focuses on the clinical treatment and care of the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedics is a medical specialty which specializing in the clinical treatment and nursing of musculoskeletal system. The education of orthopedics is often serious and difficult because of the high technical requirements, complicated anatomical knowledge and long study process. However, medical students or junior residents rarely have the opportunity to see such orthopedic surgery or attend preclinical practice, which limits the opportunities for training clinicians. Hopefully, with the increasing use of three-dimensional (3D) technologies in medical teaching, this situation can be alleviated. In this study, we demonstrate that different 3D technologies can effectively simulate orthopedic surgery with very high accuracy. We carefully evaluated the use of 3D technologies in primary medical teaching and proposed a vision for the future. We searched and screened 3,997 publications from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) on 22 Oct 2021 with (trauma) AND ((education) OR (training) OR (teaching) OR (learning)) AND ((3D) OR (Three Dimensional)), (Joint) AND ((education) OR (training) OR (teaching) OR (learning)) AND ((3D) OR (Three Dimensional)), (spine) AND ((education) OR (training) OR (teaching) OR (learning)) AND ((3D) OR (Three Dimensional)) as the search strategy. Then, we eliminated the publications irrelevant to "orthopedics" AND/OR "orthopaedic" (in United Kingdom English), the final number of publications are 440 for trauma surgery, 716 for joint surgery and 363 for spine surgery, a visual display of comprehensive information analysis was made by VOSviewer. Next, we read and analyzed retrieved articles extensively according to the selection criteria, 11 highly cited publications on three major branches of orthopedics were chosen. The extracted data included the authors, purpose, methods, results and benefits/limitations. The evaluation of these studies directly and objectively proved the superiority of 3D technologies in orthopedics. Furthermore, the material usage and strength of 3D technologies can be closer to the real situation, which will help improve their effectiveness in teaching. We hope that more relevant studies will be conducted to continue examining the effects of 3D technologies on orthopedic medical education as well as orthopedic surgery training, and we hope that this technique can be more widely used in the clinical teaching of orthopedics to train clinicians on learning medical theory and surgical technology quickly and efficiently.

Transition from linear Landau damping to nonlinear Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal modes via phase synchronization.

Dynamics of the transition from a linear plasma wave to a nonlinear state characterized by the Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal mode is studied within the framework of the Vlasov-Poisson system. In the linear stage, the plasma distribution function (f) develops finer and finer structures in velocity space through a series of "mixing" processes leading to the Landau damping of the plasma wave. These mixing processes inevitably result in strong phase irregularities in velocity space. Using numerical simulations, it was observed that starting from the wave-particle resonance region, this irregular phase pattern gets "smoothed out" through a process of spreading of phase synchronization, which tends to reduce Landau damping, facilitating the formation of the nonlinear plasma wave as a fully synchronized final state. It is also found that there exists a residual damping for the quasisteady nonlinear wave when the phases of the particles are not fully synchronized.

3D Printing Improve the Effectiveness of Fracture Teaching and Medical Learning: A Comprehensive Scientometric Assessment and Future Perspectives.

Fractures of complex body parts are often serious and difficult to handle, and they have high technical and training requirements. However, the realistic situation is that there are few opportunities for the junior residents, trainee doctors, and especially medical students to contact enough clinical practice and see such fracture patients. Fortunately, with the rapid development and continuous progress of 3D printing and related technologies, this situation has gradually gotten better and better. In this research, we confirmed that 3D printing technology could improve the effectiveness of fracture teaching and medical learning from multiple dimensions. We comprehensively screened and assessed 223 papers from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection on October 3, 2021, with "((3D) AND ((printing) OR (printed)) AND (fracture)) AND ((education) OR (training) OR (teaching))" as the retrieval strategy. Additionally, we used the VOSviewer software to analyze the keywords and countries and the organizations of the publications, then a series of scientometric and visualized analyses were made based on the retrieval results. Afterward, multiple databases were retrieved according to our selection criteria, we selected eight studies for the extensive literature analysis. The extracted data contained information of authors, problems solved, participants, methods, assessments, results, and benefits/limitations. These intuitive and in-depth analyses further confirmed and appraised the advantages of 3D printing in complex fracture models more objectively. In conclusion, 3D printing could improve the effectiveness and extension of fracture teaching, as well as medical learning, by providing the powerful interaction with 3D effect, wakening students learning interest, and allowing the junior residents, trainee doctors to have as realistic a virtual practice experience as possible. Through this research, it is expected that more researchers could be attracted to conduct more comprehensive and thorough studies on the application of 3D printing for training and educational propose, to promote the development of 3D technology-based medical education practice and further deepen the reform of medical education and improve the quality of fracture education and learning.

Quantitative Analysis and Visualization of the Interaction Between Intestinal Microbiota and Type 1 Diabetes in Children Based on Multi-Databases.

Background: As an important autoimmune disease, type 1 diabetes (T1D) is often diagnosed in children, but due to the complexity of the etiology of diabetes and many other factors, the disease pathogenesis of diabetes is still unclear. The intestinal microbiota has been proved to have close relationships with T1D in recent years, which is one of the most important molecular bases of pathogenesis and prognosis factors for T1D. Using the multi-omics and multicenter sample analysis method, a number of intestinal microbiota in T1D have been discovered and explained, which has provided comprehensive and rich information. However, how to find more useful information and get an intuitive understanding that people need conveniently in the huge data sea has become the focus of attention. Therefore, quantitative analysis and visualization of the interaction between intestinal microbiota and T1D in children are urgently needed. Methods: We retrieved the detailed original data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information, GMREPO, and gutMEGA databases and other authoritative multiple projects with related research; the ranking of intestinal microbiota abundance from healthy people, overall T1D patients, and T1D in children (0-18 years old) were detailed analyzed, classified, and visualized. Results: A total of 515 bacterial species and 161 related genera were fully analyzed. Also, Prevotella copri was led by 21.25% average abundance, followed by Clostridium tertium of 10.39% in all-cross T1D patients. For children with T1D, Bacteroides vulgatus has high abundance in all age periods, whereas the abundance of each intestinal microbiota was more uniform in female samples, with the ranking from high to low as Bacteroides dorei 9.56%, P. copri 9.53%, Streptococcus pasteurianus 8.15%, and C. tertium 7.53%, whereas in male samples, P. copri was accounted for the largest by 22.72%. The interaction between intestinal microbiota and comparison between healthy people and children with T1D was also detailed analyzed. Conclusions: This study provides a new method and comprehensive perspectives for the evaluation of the interaction between intestinal microbiota and T1D in children. A set of useful information of intestinal microbiota with its internal interaction and connections has been presented, which could be a compact, immediate, and practical scientific reference for further molecular biological and clinical translational research of T1D in children.

Spiral chain models of two-dimensional turbulence.

Reduced models, mirroring self-similar, fractal nature of two-dimensional turbulence, are proposed, using logarithmic spiral chains, which provide a natural generalization of shell models to two dimensions. In a turbulent cascade, where each step can be represented by a rotation and a scaling of the interacting triad, the use of a spiral chain whose nodes can be obtained by scaling and rotating an original wave vector provides an interesting perspective. A family of such spiral chain models depending on the distance of interactions can be obtained by imposing a logarithmic spiral grid with a constant divergence angle and a constant scaling factor and imposing the condition of exact triadic interactions. Scaling factors in such sequences are given by the square roots of known ratios such as the plastic ratio, the super-golden ratio, or some small Pisot numbers. While spiral chains can represent monofractal models of a self-similar cascade, which can span a large range of wave numbers and have good angular coverage, it is also possible that spiral chains or chains of consecutive triads play an important role in the cascade. As numerical models, the spiral chain models based on decimated Fourier coefficients have the usual problems of shell models of two-dimensional turbulence such as the dual cascade being overwhelmed by statistical chain equipartition due to an almost stochastic evolution of the complex phases. A generic spiral chain model based on evolution of energy is proposed, which is shown to recover the dual cascade behavior in two-dimensional turbulence.