ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the clinical efficacy of CpG-based therapy for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by skewing polarization toward M1 macrophage from M2. METHODS: Pulmonary metastasis rate, overall survival time, and remission rate of 10 patients with HCC treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with CpG therapy and 10 age-, gender-, and TNM0-matched patients treated with TACE (control group) were compared. RESULTS: No pulmonary metastasis rate was 70% in the combined treatment group and 40% in the control group, respectively; and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Median overall survival time was 22 months in the combined treatment group, compared with 6.65 months in the control group (p < 0.05). Remission rate in the combined treatment group (70%) was higher than in the control group (30%), but the differences between these two groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with TACE, CpG combined with TACE can decrease the pulmonary metastasis rate. This combined therapy can also improve the overall survival time of patients.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy , Liver Neoplasms/immunology , Liver Neoplasms/therapy , Macrophages/immunology , Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/therapeutic use , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Case-Control Studies , Cell Polarity/physiology , Chemoembolization, Therapeutic , Female , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/genetics , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/immunology , Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control , Lung Neoplasms/secondary , Macrophages/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The association between the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene (TNF-a) -238G/A polymorphism and the breast cancer has been analyzed in several studies, but the results have been inconclusive. We then performed a meta-analysis to get a precise estimation of the association. METHODS: Eight case-control studies with a total of 37,257 cases and 39,564 controls were identified by searching the ISI Web of Knowledge database and the PubMed database up to August 2014. RESULTS: Overall, no association was found between TNF-alpha-238G/A polymorphism and breast cancer in any of genetic model (additive model ORâ=â1.06, 95%CI: 0.94-1.21, Pheterogeneityâ=â.02; homozygous model ORâ=â1.04, 95%CI: 0.83-1.30, Pheterogeneityâ=â.98; dominant model ORâ=â1.06, 95%CI: 0.92-1.21, Pheterogeneityâ=â.01; recessive model ORâ=â1.04, 95%CI: 0.83-1.30, Pheterogeneityâ=â.98). Furthermore, no significant association was identified when stratified by ethnicity (Caucasian, Asian). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis indicated that the TNF-alpha-238G/A polymorphism is not associated with breast cancer risk in the overall population.
