Polyadenylate-binding protein cytoplasmic 1 mediates alternative splicing events of immune-related genes in gastric cancer cells.

Polyadenylate-binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1) is dysregulated in malignancies, which is considered as a potential therapeutic target for many cancer types. By alternative splicing (AS) for gastric cancer (GC), we described PABPC1-modulated AS events in this study. PABPC1 expression was analyzed in 408 GC tissues from The Cancer Genome Altas (TCGA) database. Human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells were transfected with PABPC1-specific small interfering RNA (siPABPC1) with siCtrl as a negative control. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was done for the determination of transcripts. To detect the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 10 different types of AS events, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed. DEGs were analyzed for functional categories including gene ontology, and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway were analyzed for DEGs. GC displayed an elevated expression of PABPC1. PABPC1 was efficiently knocked down in AGS cells. Here, we excavated 1234 PABPC1-regulated DEGs, among which 502 were down-regulated and 732 were up-regulated compared to the siCtrl group. A total of 94 DEGs were involved in inflammation and immune response. Results from qRT-PCR validated the up-regulation of 10 immune and inflammation-related DEGs in the siPABPC1 group. PABPC1 deficiency causes 1304 AS events differentially occurred in AGS cells. The most common type of AS events regulated by PABPC2 is alternative 5' splice sites. qRT-PCR confirmed the transcription level of five immune-related genes, in which AS events were detected in the siPABPC1 group. PABPC1 knockdown mediates AS events and thus the transcript level of immune and inflammation-related genes in AGS cells. PABPC1-regulated oncogenic AS events display potential as targets for therapeutic development.

Clinical significance of kallikrein 5 as a novel prognostic biomarker in gastric adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUNDS: Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers with unsatisfied prognosis. It is challenging to predict gastric cancer prognosis due to its highly heterogeneous nature. Kallikrein 5 (KLK5) belongs to the family of kallikreins, which plays a crucial role in serine proteolysis and exerts diverse physiological functions. The role of KLK5 in human gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) has not been elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to examine the expression level of KLK5 and dissect whether the KLK5 expression was associated with GAC prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinicopathological analyses were performed in a retrospective GAC patient cohort (n = 138). The expression of KLK5 was tested by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining. The prognostic role of KLK5 in GAC was assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. The effects of KLK5 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were examined through cellular experiments. RESULTS: The data showed that KLK5 expression was elevated in GAC tissues compared with normal stomach tissues. Protein expression of KLK5 was positively correlated with tumor invasion depth and lymph node metastasis. Patients with higher KLK5 expression had poorer overall survival. KLK5 was identified to be an independent risk factor according to multivariate analysis. Using human GAC cell lines, we found that KLK5 can promote tumor cell migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that higher expression of KLK5 was significantly correlated with a poorer prognosis of GAC patients, implying the potential of KLK5 as a novel prognostic biomarker in GAC.

Application of mesocolon rotation and reverse puncture in total laparoscopic sigmoid vaginoplasty.

The aim of the present study was to explore the clinical efficacy of mesocolon rotation and reverse puncture in total laparoscopic sigmoid vaginoplasty (LSV). The clinical data of 11 patients (unmarried, n=4; married, n=7) with congenital absence of a vagina who underwent treatment of total laparoscopic sigmoid vaginoplasty at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Urumqi, China) between March 2013 and March 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. In all patients, the surgical method included sigmoid mesocolon rotation and reverse puncture. The vaginal depth, the first sexual intercourse time and female sexual function indexes were recorded. The average operation time was 187±19 min, the average intra-operative blood loss was 132±24 ml, the time to the first meal after surgery was 4.3±1.1 days, the average post-operative hospital stay was 7.5±1.2 days, the post-operative short-term complication rate was 36.3% and the time to the first sexual intercourse was 3.0±0.3 months. The post-operative follow-up results indicated that the anatomical standard was reached in all of the 11 patients. Among the seven married patients, five patients were satisfied with their sex lives after the operation. In terms of psychosexual desire, only one married patient felt no sexual arousal. The other married patients had good sexual relations, function and satisfaction. In conclusion, the application of mesocolon rotation and reverse puncture in total LSV is safe and feasible.

[Prognostic analysis of different treatments for synchronous colorectal liver metastasis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of different treatments on the prognosis of patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastasis(CLM). METHODS: Clinicopathological data of 121 patients with synchronous CLM in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between January 2010 and December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the metastatic lesions, patients were divided into simple operation group(22 patients, receiving operation only), simple chemotherapy group(43 patients, receiving chemotherapy only), and combination group(56 patients, receiving chemotherapy based on operation). The prognosis of patients in three groups was investigated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed through the long-rank test and Cox model to evaluate the related factors affecting prognosis. RESULTS: The median survival time was 10(3-39) months in simple operation group, 7(3-36) months in simple chemotherapy group, and 18 (4-66) months in combination group. The differences among groups were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). Extent of lymph node metastasis, number of liver metastatic lesion, size of liver metastatic lesion, resection edge extent of liver metastatic lesion, and treatment method were independent factors of synchronous CLM(all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Combination therapy of a variety of treatment can prolong the survival of patients with synchronous CLM.

Anterior gradient 2: a new target to treat colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated morbidity and mortality across the world. Every year many patients died from the advanced colorectal cancer. We had tried our best to stop the progress by the chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but the process has not stopped. And we just can use the target drug to extend the survival time of the patient who is in advanced stage. It is said that the circulating tumor cells, distributed in the peripheral blood, is the initial material leading to metastases formation. And Anterior gradient 2 is a biomarker of these cells. It shows an enormous role in the process of cancer's occurrence, development and metastasis. It may be a useful target for us to prevent colorectal cancer from progress. And it may be a new way to treat the colorectal cancer.

[Systemic review of fast-track surgery in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fast track surgery(FTS) in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection. METHOD: Randomized controlled trials(RCT) or clinical controlled trials(CCT) on fast-track surgery in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection were obtained from databases including CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, EMBACE, and Cochrane Library between January 2000 and March 2012. Meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.1. RESULT: There were 6 RCTs and 7 CCTs including 1795 patients. There were 955 patients in the FTS group and 840 in the control group. The time to passage of flatus was shorter(WMD=-1.37, 95%CI:-1.55~-1.19, P<0.05), time to resumption of diet/drink was shorter(WMD=-2.62, 95%CI:-2.69~-2.55, P<0.05), length of postoperative hospital stay was decreased(WMD=-1.63, 95%CI:-1.92~-1.34, P<0.05) and the incidence of postoperative complications were less(OR=0.52, 95%CI:0.41~0.67, P<0.05) in the FTS group. However, there were no differences in readmission(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Fast-track surgery in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection can promote bowel function recovery, decrease the incidence of postoperative complications and length of hospital stay.

Community survey, treatment and long-term follow-up for human cystic echinococcosis in northwest China.

BACKGROUND: Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic zoonosis of major public health importance throughout the world. CE is endemic throughout central Asia including northwestern China. In China, CE has been reported in 21 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, covering approximately 87% of China's territories. It is most common in the pastoral and semi-pastoral western provinces and regions. This study aimed to reveal the natural history, curative effect and possible re-infection risk factors of human CE through long termed follow-up of treated and untreated CE cases in Hobukesar, Xingjiang, China. METHODS: Follow-up studies on CE were performed twice in Hobukesar from August 2005 to October 2008, after an initial mass screening performed in 1995 and 1996. Ultrasound scan was the primary diagnostic method. RESULTS: Among 24 patients with confirmed CE, 22 were treated (surgery in 19 and chemotherapy in three). Two recurrent cases and one re-infection case were subsequently found during follow-up. The CE type of one of the recurrent cases reverted from CE4 to CE3, as classified using World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound was required to differentiate primary, recurrent and re-infection cases during epidemiological investigation and follow-up of CE. Most patients did not change their habits, which may be one possible cause of reinfection. One recurrent case suggested that, despite initial suggestion from the WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis, CE4-type cysts are not inactive.

Post-survey follow-up for human cystic echinococcosis in northwest China.

In Hobukesar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, (China), a mass-screening programme for human cystic echinococcosis (CE)was performed during 1995 and 1996. After the survey 51 cases were followed-up using ultrasound scan and serology for 1-8 years(1996-2003). These included 20 CE cases treated by surgery (endocystectomy), four CE cases treated by percutaneous drainage(PAIR), six untreated CE cases, five ultrasound 'query' cases, eight cases of isolated hepatic calcifications, four previous CE surgery cases whose ultrasound was now normal, and four seropositive cases who exhibited a normal hepatic ultrasound. Follow-up results indicated that in the untreated CE patients, one case exhibited a spontaneous cure within 4 years, another case changed from a hepatic hydatid cyst that contained a floating laminated membrane (type CE3) to a cyst that contained daughter cysts (type CE2)within 1 year of follow-up. In the 20 surgically treated cases, two recurrent CE cases occurred within 4 years, and five cases had had residual cavities for more than 4 or 8 years. Of the 4 PAIR treated cases, two recurrent cases of CE occurred within 4 or 8 years of follow-up. Serological follow-up data showed that specific IgG antibody levels were persistently positive in most CE cases, but exhibited a decreasing tendency in cases that were effectively treated by surgery; In contrast, serum IgG levels in the PAIR group or in the recurrent CE cases after surgery exhibited an increasing tendency. At least one persistent seropositive case with an isolated hepatic calcification was considered to be abortive CE.