Stigma and related influencing factors in brain cancer patients: a cross-sectional study and parallel mediation analysis.

PURPOSE: Patients with brain cancer and painful symptoms of the disease experience heavy pressure and negative inner experiences, leading to a sense of stigma. Therefore, this study assessed the level of stigma in patients with brain cancer and analyzed the risk factors for stigma to analyze the underlying relationships among depression, social support, low self-esteem, and stigma. METHODS: Patients completed the Social Impact Scale, Self-rating Depression Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Herth Hope Index, Social Support Rating Scale, and Self-Perceived Burden Scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors independently associated with stigma. Parallel mediation analysis was used to evaluate the mediating role of the relationship between psychoemotional factors and stigma. RESULTS: A multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated significant associations between age (ß = - 0.189, P = 0.002), treatment (ß = 0.184, P = 0.003), self-esteem (ß = - 0.128, P = 0.046), depression (ß = 0.273, P < 0.001), hope (ß = - 0.217, P = 0.003), and self-perceived burden (ß = 0.260, P < 0.001) with brain cancer. It was observed that the social support received by brain cancer patients directly impacted their stigma (total effect, - 0.851, P = 0.001). Additionally, this relationship was influenced by depression and self-esteem through two distinct pathways. CONCLUSION: Increased stigma among brain cancer patients was found to be associated with severe depression, feelings of inferiority, diminished hope, and a heavy perceived burden. The structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that social support negatively influenced stigma through depression and self-esteem. It is imperative to grasp patients' inner needs, implement psychological interventions, and cultivate a cancer-friendly social environment to prevent stigmatization and discrimination based on their patient status.

Influencing factors of kinesiophobia among stroke patients with hemiplegia: A mixed methods study.

OBJECTIVES: There is a scarcity of data regarding the effects of kinesiophobia on stroke patients with hemiplegia. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the level of kinesiophobia experienced by stroke patients with hemiplegia in China, examine the elements that influence it, and investigate the unique psychological experience of kinesiophobia combined with a qualitative study. METHODS: This mixed study was conducted in two steps. Four approved scales were used to evaluate a total of 163 patients: (i) Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, (ii) Pain Catastrophizing Scale, (iii) Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale, and (iv) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A multivariate linear regression model was used to evaluate the predictors of kinesiophobia in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Subsequently, semi-structured interviews with 15 stroke patients with hemiplegia were conducted using an objective sampling method, and the Colaizzi 7-step analysis process was utilized to analyze the interview data. RESULTS: A total of 163 stroke patients with hemiplegia were included in this study, of them, 47.9% reported kinesiophobia. Multiple linear regression revealed that the influencing factors of kinesiophobia in stroke patients with hemiplegia were a history of falls, exaggeration, helplessness, anxiety, depression, and low exercise self-efficacy (P<0.05). The qualitative research focuses on two main topics: personal adoption of negative coping styles and insufficient external support. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the kinesiophobia in stroke patients with hemiplegia was high, with several factors influencing their kinesiophobia. Some of these factors are modifiable and should be considered when formulating kinesiophobia intervention strategies for stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Relations Between Posttraumatic Growth and Fear of Progression Among Young and Middle-Aged Primary Brain Tumor Patients: The Parallel Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support and Illness Uncertainty.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of perceived social support and illness uncertainty in posttraumatic growth (PTG) and fear of progression (FoP) among young and middle-aged primary brain tumor (PBT) patients. METHODS: A total of 252 young and middle-aged benign PBT patients were investigated. Data were collected by using self-designed general and disease-related data questionnaires, PTG Inventory, FoP Questinaire-Short Form, Mischel Uncertainty in Illness Scale, and Perceived Social Support Scale. Parallel mediation effect models were used to explore the relationship between PTG and FoP mediation effects. Bootstrap analysis was conducted to examine the mediation effect of PTG on FoP. RESULTS: The total FoP and PTG scores were 35.15 ± 4.85 and 55.04 ± 7.86. Furthermore, mediation effect analyses revealed that perceived social support and illness uncertainty were partially associated with the mediated relationship between PTG and FoP. (std.ß = -0.026, P-value = 0.001, std. ß = -0.393, P value ＜0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Illness uncertainty and perceived social support were identified as partially parallel mediators between PTG and FoP. Thus, we should ensure adequate social support and improve the enthusiasm and input of family members for better patient recovery. Strengthening the nursing support, reducing the uncertainty of young and middle-aged PBT patients, and improving the patients' PTG can help reduce the fear of disease progression.

Status and Influencing Factors of Body Image Disturbance in Patients With Hemifacial Spasm: A Quantitative and Qualitative Study.

OBJECTIVE: Patients diagnosed with hemifacial spasm (HFS) often experience significant facial changes that affect their body image and potentially have a negative impact on their physical and psychological well-being. This study therefore seeks to identify the current state of body image of Chinese patients with HFS, analyze the factors that influence it, and further explore their experiences based on their level of body image disturbance (BID) using a mixed methods approach. METHODS: A mixed-methods study was conducted between January 2021 and June 2023. Phase I encompassed the completion of questionnaires by 124 participants. Subsequently, in Phase II, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 individuals selected from Phase I to gain deeper insights into their specific experiences with BID. RESULTS: Patients afflicted with HFS achieved Body Image Scale scores 9.00 (0.00, 12.00). Age, anxiety, depression, and fear of negative evaluation were identified as predictors of exacerbated BID (P < 0.05). Qualitative research predominantly centered on 2 primary themes: the experiences and outward manifestations of BID in HFS patients. These individuals expressed dissatisfaction with their appearance, apprehensions about being the focus of attention, and instances of social avoidance. CONCLUSIONS: Owing to varying degrees of anxiety, depression, and apprehension about external evaluation, individuals grappling with HFS are susceptible to experiencing BID. Consequently, when devising interventions, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the patient's condition and implement targeted measures aimed at ameliorating body image, ultimately enhancing the overall quality of life for the patient.

Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in psychiatric patients during the COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Current suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic were studied through systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched the following electronic databases using the relevant search terms: Medline, Embase, PubMed and Web of Science, with the search time as of January 31,2022. Forest plots were obtained using Stata statistical software and a random-effects model was used to conduct a meta-analysis of the prevalence of suicidal ideation. We found 21 eligible studies, 11 of which provided suitable data for meta-analysis. 10 studies explored current suicidal ideation and reported a pooled prevalence of 20.4% (95%CI 14.0-26.8). Six studies examined suicide attempts, with a pooled prevalence of 11.4% (95%CI 6.2-16.6). The prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts varied by the study method used and by the study sites. This work highlights the need for real-time monitoring of suicidal ideation and suicide in psychiatric patients during the covid-19 pandemic r to inform clinical practice and help identify research questions for future epidemiological studies.

Stigma and unhealthy psychological characteristics in patients with acromegaly: A cross-sectional study and identification of the associated factors.

BACKGROUND: Stigma, besides aggravating the damage caused by the disease, may also lead to unhealthy characteristics in patients and unhealthy situations in society. Individuals with acromegaly disease may suffer from stigma concerns, and the associated factors remain largely unknown. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the levels of perceived stigma in patients with acromegaly and explore the associated factors. METHODS: A total of 138 patients with acromegaly were evaluated for having stigma using five previously validated scales: (i) the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness, (ii) the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, (iii) the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, (iv) the Body Image Concern scale, and (v) the Acromegaly Quality of Life scale. The potential determinants of stigma were evaluated using the univariate statistical analysis. A multivariate linear regression model was adopted to assess the predictors of stigma in patients with acromegaly. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between stigma and the quality of life of the patients. RESULTS: Among the 138 respondents, 102 provided consent for participation.The evaluated patients exhibited critically high levels of perceived stigma. The multiple regression analysis revealed high BMI, serious body image concerns, inferiority complex personality, and critical levels of anxiety as the potential predictors of stigma in patients with acromegaly. The overall stigma and internalized stigma were significantly correlated with QoL in these patients. CONCLUSION: The patients with acromegaly exhibited critically high levels of perceived stigma, which led to psychological distress and disruptions in their daily lives. This finding highlights the importance of addressing the stigma concerns and the necessity for providing additional support to these patients in this regard during follow-up sessions. Further research should focus on developing intervention strategies to decrease the levels of perceived stigma in patients with acromegaly to promote their quality of life and for the psychosocial rehabilitation of these patients.

Olfaction disorders in patients with pituitary adenoma after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: The olfactory function decline of patients with postoperative pituitary adenoma is a common phenomenon. In order to establish a surgical access to the skull base, the upper turbinate, posterior ethmoid chamber and sphenoid sinus need to be operated. We can objectively understand the patient's nasal situation through the scale during the hospital stay, but we know little about the patient's actual feelings and troubles in the home rehabilitation phase. METHODS: A qualitative study based on 15 semi-structured face-to-face interviews in a provincial comprehensive hospital was conducted. Participants were purposively selected until data saturation. Each interview was digitally recorded and lasted from 30 to 45 minutes. A trained and experienced interviewer collected all data. The Colaizzi method was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: A total of six themes were obtained, namely, the patient's perception of symptoms and any accompanying symptoms and signs related to olfactory function decline, negative emotions, decreased appetite, decreased sleep quality, decreased libido, and the need for the continuous care of patients. CONCLUSIONS: A widespread occurrence of impaired smell and nasal function in patients with pituitary adenoma after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. It was also noted that nurses should intensify the postoperative nasal care of patients and develop good preventive measures to reduce their postoperative discomfort.

Postoperative complications and quality of life in patients with pituitary adenoma.

BACKGROUND: Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are tumors that arise from the cells of the anterior pituitary gland. PAs are the most common tumors to occur in the sella area and the third most common intracranial neoplasm in surgery. Due to developments such as microscopy and neuroendoscopy, the curative effect of PA surgery continues to improve. However, postoperative complications may still occur. PA surgery can result in iatrogenic trauma, which is a primary cause of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. PA surgery can affect the posterior pituitary gland, causing decreased antidiuretic hormone secretion and increased urine output, which can lead to hyponatremia. The nasal cavity and sphenoid sinuses may also be damaged during PA surgery, causing the sphenoethmoidal recess to be blocked. This increases the risk of infection. The purpose of this study was to analyze quality of life in PA patients post-resection, and to provide references for the development of early targeted risk assessment programs and intervention measures. METHODS: We selected patients who underwent neuroendoscopic transnasal PA resection at the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University between January 2017 and October 2019. These patients' hospital records were retrospectively obtained, including details of any postoperative complications. The patients were followed up by telephone 12 weeks following discharge, and we used the EuroQol 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) health scale to assess the patients' quality of life. RESULTS: At follow-up 3 months after discharge, 68 people (41.72%) had experienced at least one common complication, including 7 cases of infection (4.29%), 56 cases of hypopituitarism (34.36%), 18 cases of CSF rhinorrhea (11.04%), 28 cases of diabetes insipidus (17.18%), and 25 cases of hyponatremia (15.34%). Patients that experienced complications reported having more serious problems on the dimensions of the EQ-5D descriptive system (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) than patients without complications. The scores of patients with complications on the EQ-5D visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) were lower than that of patients without complications. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative complications are negatively associated with quality of life in PA patients. Actively preventing common complications could therefore improve these patients' quality of life and reduce their burden of disease.