ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic medical condition characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from abnormal insulin functionality, of which type 2 DM (T2DM) is the predominant form. An inulin-type fructan, denoted as SRRP, was obtained from Stevia rebaudiana roots via hot-water extraction and alcoholic precipitation, which was subsequently purified by column chromatography. The extracted SRRP sample had a molecular weight of 5.4 × 103 Da. Structural analyses indicated that SRRP was composed of 2,1-linked-ß-D-fructofuranosyl and α-D-glucopyranosyl residues in a ratio of approximately 29 : 1. In vivo assays revealed that SRRP significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels, improved insulin resistance, decreased oxidative stress, and regulated lipid metabolism in T2DM mouse models. In addition, SRRP altered the diversity of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in T2DM mice; it increased probiotic bacteria and the concentration of short-chain fatty acids and decreased harmful bacteria. The findings demonstrate the potential of SRRP in the treatment of T2DM.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Stevia , Mice , Animals , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Inulin/pharmacology , Inulin/chemistry , Stevia/chemistry , Fructans/pharmacology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolismABSTRACT
The aim of study was to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of FCGR2B232 1/T oligonucleotide and the susceptibility of children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). DNA from 76 patients with ITP and 37 controls was extracted. The SNPs of FCGR2B-232 was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with direct sequencing. The genotype distribution and allele frequency among different groups were compared. The results showed that the genotype (I/I, I/T, T/T) of FCGR2B-232 were 55.3%, 42.1%, and 2.6% in 76 patients with ITP, while 81.1%, 18.9%, 0% in 37 controls. The allele frequencies of FCGR2B-232 in patients with ITP were 76.3% (I232) and 23.7% (T232), but 90.5% and 9.5% in controls. There were significant differences in genotype distributions between the ITP patients and controls (chi(2) = 7.45, = 0.024). The enrichment in Thr232 allele carrier was also significant among the ITP patients as compared with the controls (chi(2) = 7.18, p = 0.007, odds ratio 3.47). There were also significant differences in allele frequencies between the ITP patients and controls [chi(2) = 6.54, p = 0.011, odds ratio 2.97, 95% CI (1.25 - 7.05)]. It is concluded that the polymorphisms of FCGR2B-232 significantly correlates with the susceptibility of children suffering from ITP. The minor Thr232 allele may be a risk genetic factor to ITP children.
Subject(s)
Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Polymorphism, Genetic , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/genetics , Receptors, IgG/genetics , Alleles , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Humans , InfantABSTRACT
We have treated 34 cases of epiphora due to dysfunction of the lacrimal duct with a warm needle puncturing at the Jingming (UB 1) point. The effect was significantly better than that of the control group treated with lacrimal duct irrigation and norflaxacin eye drops (a total effective rate of 91.07% vs. 54.29%).
