Comparative transmembrane transports of four typical lipophilic organic chemicals.

Transmembrane transports of four kinds of lipophilic organic chemicals (LOCs) on suspending multilamellar liposomes (SML) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were investigated, where both anthracene and phenanthrene were accorded to the lipid-water partition law and Sudan I and III to the Langmuir isothermal adsorption. Less than half of phenanthrene is transported into E. coli, where more than 60% are located in the cytoplasm. About 60% of anthracene entered the E. coli where only 10% was released into the cytoplasm. The partition coefficients of phenanthrene and anthracene partitioning from the extracellular liquid into membrane are 502 and 1190L/kg but their inverse partition coefficients are only 0.180 and 0.018kg/L. Over 60% of Sudan I and less than 40% of Sudan III accumulated on E. coli where most of them remained on the membrane. The transmembrane impedance effect (TMIE) is proposed for evaluating the cell-transport of polar LOCs.

[Analysis of microbial community in a deodorization biofilter by PCR-sSCP method].

Microbial community of biofilm in a biofiltration was investigated using PCR-SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism) technique in this paper. The results indicated the removal rate of odor pollutants improved with the acclimation, from 50% to 89%, and the microbial diversity of biofilter decreased at the first month and then increased (diversity index H from 1.6-1.9 to 2.0) while the similarity gradually increased during the operation time. Higher microbial diversity (H = 2.2) in cortex indicated the microorganisms were easily attached to the media compared to the straw (H = 2.0). Dominant bacteria were Bacillus found in the biofilm using SSCP method, and the rate is 33.3%. 44.4% of the total bands represented the uncultured bacteria. These bacteria are widely existed in soil, water and nature environment, they have good acclimatization to environment and played important role in treating odors. The biofilm development was identified by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which suggested that the microbial community in biofilter could grow by utilizing pollutants and become rich and stable with running time.

[Experimental study on the processes and mechanism of enhanced denitrification by addition zeolite in wastewater treatment].

Aim to enhance nitrogen removal from wastewater, addition zeolite to aeration tank was preformed. The result showed that addition of zeolite could improve the nitrification/denitrification efficiencies by comparing two phase experiment of 25 mg/L with blank and 25 mg/L with 50 mg/L, and the population of nitrifying bacteria in activated sludge increased obviously. When 25 mg/L zeolite was added into aeration tank, NH4(+) -N and TN removal increased 10% - 13% and 13% respectively, endogenous respiration rate of nitrification increased about 138%, and the population of nitrification bacteria increased about 2.2 folds. But the nitrogen removal and endogenous respiration rate of 50 mg/L enhanced indistinct comparing with 25 mg/L. These results indicated that NH4+ ion-exchange and accumulation to the interior/outer surfaces of zeolite, co-existence of aerobic and anoxic micro-environments were responsible for the enhanced denitrifying function.

[Analysis of structure changes of microbial community in medium biofilm by ERIC-PCR fingerprinting].

A new technique, with medium biofilms and hydrophytes as main components, with microbes, plankton, hydrophytes and aquatic animals as basic ecological elements, was adopted to deal with eutrophication water in Shanghai. A pilot-scale test was carried on, with influent as 6 m(3)/d, 7 ponds parallelly connected, and with continuous influent and effluent. Water qualities were analyzed and ERIC-PCR fingerprinting method was used to study the natures of biofilm microbes. The results show that, the device has obvious affection on eutrophication water pollution removal, COD, TN, NH4+-N and TP removal efficiencies are respectively 20.7% - 48.5%, 20.1% - 49.7%, 39.8% - 66.2 % and 60.0% - 73.9% higher than those of control experiment. Water plants contribute for N and P absorption and removal, the three ponds with plants have higher TN and TP removal efficiency than the tree ones without hydrophytes, the enhanced TN removal efficiencies are 30.1%, 24.9% and 17.6% respectively. ERIC-PCR fingerprinting indicate that the three ponds with water plants have more similar microbial community structure to each other than no hydrophyte ponds, and that mean pairwise similarity coefficient value are 71.8% , 86.9% and 91.0% respectively on 2nd, 15th and 30th day, and at the same time the population diversity indexes rang from 1.89 to 2.22, 2.17 to 2.43 and 2.28 to 2.68, respectively. The above discussions conclude that the systemic population diversity indexes and structure similarity increase, biofilm microbes have gradually abundant population and stable structure, which are in accord with pollution removal efficiencies.