The Influence of Mistreatment by Patients on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention among Chinese Nurses: A Three-Wave Survey.

The affective event of mistreatment in the workplace has been recognized as an important factor influencing employee affect and behavior. However, few studies have logically explained and empirically clarified the link between mistreatment by patients and nurses' job satisfaction and turnover intention. The current study aimed to explore the effects of mistreatment by patients on nurses' job satisfaction and turnover intention through work meaningfulness and emotional dissonance, as well as the moderating role of hostile attribution bias. Using three-wave survey data collect from 657 nurses who worked in three hospitals in China, we found that mistreatment by patients had a negative effect on nurses' job satisfaction through work meaningfulness, mistreatment by patients had a positive effect on nurses' turnover intention through emotional dissonance. Furthermore, nurses' hostile attribution bias acted as an effective moderator on the relationship. These findings help uncover the mechanisms and conditions in which mistreatment by patients influences nurses' job satisfaction and turnover intention.

CO2 Emission Increases with Damage Severity in Moso Bamboo Forests Following a Winter Storm in Southern China.

Despite the prevalence of disturbances in forests, the effects of disturbances on soil carbon processes are not fully understood. We examined the influences of a winter storm on soil respiration and labile soil organic carbon (SOC) of a Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycle) plantation in the Wuyi Mountains in Southern China from May 2008 to May 2009. We sampled stands that were damaged at heavy, moderate, and light levels, which yielded aboveground biomass inputs to the soil at 22.12 ± 0.73 (mean ± 1 s.e.m.), 10.40 ± 1.09, and 5.95 ± 0.73 Mg per hectare, respectively. We found that soil respiration rate and annual cumulative CO2 emissions were significantly higher in heavily damaged sites than moderately and lightly damaged sites. Soil temperature was the most important environmental factor affecting soil respiration rate across all studied stands. However, soil respiration sensitivity to temperature (Q10) decreased in heavily damaged sites. Microbial biomass carbon and its proportion to total SOC increased with damage intensity. Soil respiration rate was positively correlated to microbial biomass carbon and soil moisture. Our results indicated that the increase of soil respiration following canopy disturbance from winter storm resulted from increased microbial biomass carbon, soil moisture, and temperature.

[Variations of soil labile organic carbon along an altitude gradient in Wuyi Mountain].

By using sequential fumigation-incubation method, this paper determined the soil labile organic carbon (LOC) content under evergreen broadleaf forest, coniferous forest, sub-alpine dwarf forest, and alpine meadow along an altitude gradient in Wuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve in Fujian Province of China, with its relations to soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and fine root biomass (FRB) analyzed. The results showed that soil LOC occupied 3.40%-7.46% of soil TOC, and soil MBC occupied 26.87%-80.38% of the LOC. The LOC under different forest stands increased significantly with altitude, and decreased with soil depth. Soil LOC had very significant correlations with soil MBC, TOC, TN and FRB, and its content was obviously higher at higher altitudes than at lower altitudes.

[Seasonal variation and temperature sensitivity of soil respiration under different plant communities along an elevation gradient in Wuyi Mountains of China].

Taking the National Nature Reserve in Wuyi Mountains as experimental site, the seasonal variation and temperature sensitivity of soil respiration under four plant communities along an elevation gradient were studied, with their relations to the main environmental factors analyzed. The results showed that the soil respiration under the four plant communities had the same seasonal pattern, with the maximum (3.10-6.57 micromol CO2 x m(-2) x S(-1)) occurred in summer and the minimum (0.27-1.15 micromol CO2 x m(-2) x s(-l)) in winter. Soil respiration rate had a significant exponential correlation with soil temperature, but its correlations with soil moisture and litter input differed with plant communities. The Q10 value of soil respiration was higher at high elevation than at low elevation. In mid-subtropical regions, the seasonal variation of soil respiration at different elevations was mainly controlled by soil temperature, indicating that in the case of global warming in the future, soils at higher elevation might release more CO2 to the atmosphere.