Shared insights for heat health risk adaptation in metropolitan areas of developing countries.

Global warming has led to a surge in heat health risks (HHRs), the impacts of which are particularly pronounced in metropolitan areas of developing countries. In the current study, six metropolitan areas - Beijing, China; Cairo, Egypt; Jakarta, Indonesia; Mumbai, India; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Tehran, Iran - were selected as the study area to further differentiate the built-up landscapes by utilizing the concept of local climate zones. Moreover, we assessed the similarities and differences in HHR associated with the landscape. Results revealed a 30.67% higher HHR in compact built-up landscapes than in the open built-up type. Urban green spaces played an effective but differentiated role in mitigating HHR. That is, low vegetation in urbanized areas and trees in suburban areas significantly mitigated HHR. Collectively, our findings emphasize the role of effective planning and management in addressing HHR and provide empirical support for implementing HHR mitigation and adaptation strategies.

Eco-climate drivers shape virome diversity in a globally invasive tick species.

Spillovers of viruses into human occur more frequently under warmer conditions, particularly arboviruses. The invasive tick species Haemaphysalis longicornis poses a significant public health threat due to its global expansion and its potential to carry a wide range of pathogens. We analyzed meta-transcriptomic data from 3595 adult H. longicornis ticks collected between 2016 and 2019 in 22 provinces across China, encompassing diverse ecological conditions. Generalized additive modelling revealed that climate factors exerted a stronger influence on the virome of H. longicornis compared to other ecological factors, such as ecotypes, distance to coastline, animal host, tick gender, and anti-viral immunity. We investigated the mechanistic understanding of how climate changes drive the tick virome using causality inference and emphasized its significance for public health. Our findings demonstrated that higher temperatures and lower relative humidity/precipitation contribute to variations in animal host diversity, leading to an increased diversity of tick virome, particularly the evenness of vertebrate associated viruses. This finding may explain the evolution of tick-borne viruses into generalists across multiple hosts, thereby increasing the probability of spillover events involving tick-borne pathogens. Deep learning projections indicate that the diversity of H. longicornis virome is expected to increase in 81.9% of regions under the SSP8.5 scenario from 2019-2030. Extension of surveillance should be implemented to avert the spread of tick-borne diseases.

4-Octyl itaconate alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice via activating the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease with a relapsing-remitting course. Although its etiology remains unknown, excessive oxidative stress in colon is a major intermediate factor that can promote the progression of UC. In the present study, we investigated the effect and the underlying mechanisms of 4-Octyl itaconate (OI) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice. Our work identified that OI alleviated the colitis by reducing the oxidative stress and the apoptosis in colon tissue, then increasing the tight junction proteins expression and in turn enhancing the intestinal barrier function, thereby creating less severe inflammatory responses. Moreover, our results demonstrated that OI reduced the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) expression and subsequent upregulated nuclear factor E2-related factor (NRF2) expression and its nuclear translocation which in turn induced the expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). In addition, ML385, a NRF2 antagonist, can inhibit the protective effects of OI on UC, indicating that the role of OI in this colitis model could be dependent on the activation of KEAP1-NRF2 pathway. Notably, OI co-administration significantly enhanced the therapeutic effects of mesalazine or 1400W on UC. Collectively, itaconate may have a great potential for use in the treatment of IBD.

A robust multi-scale feature extraction framework with dual memory module for multivariate time series anomaly detection.

Although existing reconstruction-based multivariate time series anomaly detection (MTSAD) methods have shown advanced performance, most assume the training data is clean. When faced with noise or contamination in training data, they can also reconstruct the anomaly well, weakening the distinction between normal and anomaly. Some probabilistic generation-based methods have been used to address this issue because of their implicit robust structure to noise, but the training process and suppression of anomalous generalization are not stable. The recently proposed explicit method based on the memory module would also sacrifice the reconstruction effect of normal patterns, resulting in limited performance improvement. Moreover, most existing MTSAD methods use a single fixed-length window for input, which weakens their ability to extract long-term dependency. This paper proposes a robust multi-scale feature extraction framework with the dual memory module to comprehensively extract features fusing different levels of semantic information and lengths of temporal dependency. First, this paper designs consecutive neighboring windows as inputs to allow the model to extract local and long-term dependency information. Secondly, a dual memory-augmented encoder is proposed to extract global typical patterns and local common features. It ensures the reconstruction ability of normal data while suppressing the generalization of the anomaly. Finally, this paper proposes a multi-scale fusion module to fuse latent variables representing different levels of semantic information and uses the reconstructed latent variables to reconstruct samples for anomaly detection. Experimental results on five datasets from diverse domains show that the proposed method outperforms 16 typical baseline methods.

[Genistein loaded by PRF improved bone healing in obese mice].

PURPOSE: To clarify the effect of genistein(GEN) on osteogenic differentiation and explore the effect of GEN loaded by platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on the repair process of bone defects in obese mice. METHODS: In in vitro experiments, the effect of GEN(0, 0.1, 1, 10, 50 µmol/L) on the proliferation of mouse embryonic osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1) was determined by CCK 8. Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) staining and quantitative detection of ALP activity were performed to determine the changes of ALP activity in cells; RNA and protein expression levels of ALP, osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Alizarin red staining was used to define the effect of GEN on mineralization of MC3T3-E1. To verify the feasibility of the PRF drug loading, the ultrastructure of PRF was subsequently observed under SEM. In in vivo experiments, obese C57 mouse models were established by high-fat diet feeding. On this basis, skull defect models with a diameter of 2.8 mm were established, and the prepared GEN/PRF complexes were placed into the bone defect area. The effects of GEN on skull defect repair in obese mice were evaluated by Micro-CT scanning and hematoxylin-eosin(H-E) staining. Statistical analysis was performed with GraphPad Prism 5.0 software package. RESULTS: CCK 8 results showed that 0.1, 1 µmol/L GEN promoted cell proliferation within 7 days(P＜0.05); 10 µmol/L GEN had no significant effect on the process of cell proliferation. From the second day, 50 µmol/L GEN significantly inhibited cell growth and showed cytotoxicity(P＜0.05). These two concentrations had similar effects in promoting cellular osteogenic differentiation. SEM results showed that PRF presented a 3-dimensional network structure, providing space for loading drug molecules. In in vivo experiments, the body weight of mice in the high-fat diet (HFD) group was 27.7% greater than that in the normal diet group(P＜0.05) and had abnormal glucose tolerance (P＜0.05). Micro-CT showed that compared with the normal diet group, the number of bone trabeculae in the femur of obese mice was decreased(P＜0.05), the distance between bone trabeculae was widened(P＜0.05), and the bone density was decreased (P＜0.05). In addition, GEN (0.1, 1.0 µmol/L) loaded by PRF increased bone volume fraction in the skull of obese mice (P＜0.05). H-E results showed that GEN/PRF promoted the healing of the bone defects. CONCLUSIONS: GEN promotes osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1, and it can effectively accelerate the healing of cranial bone defects after loading with PRF in obese mice.

A Pilot Study on a Possible Mechanism behind Olfactory Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: The Association of TAAR1 Downregulation with Neuronal Loss and Inflammation along Olfactory Pathway.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized not only by motor symptoms but also by non-motor dysfunctions, such as olfactory impairment; the cause is not fully understood. Our study suggests that neuronal loss and inflammation in brain regions along the olfactory pathway, such as the olfactory bulb (OB) and the piriform cortex (PC), may contribute to olfactory dysfunction in PD mice, which might be related to the downregulation of the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) in these areas. In the striatum, although only a decrease in mRNA level, but not in protein level, of TAAR1 was detected, bioinformatic analyses substantiated its correlation with PD. Moreover, we discovered that neuronal death and inflammation in the OB and the PC in PD mice might be regulated by TAAR through the Bcl-2/caspase3 pathway. This manifested as a decrease of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and an increase of the pro-apoptotic protein cleaved caspase3, or through regulating astrocytes activity, manifested as the increase of TAAR1 in astrocytes, which might lead to the decreased clearance of glutamate and consequent neurotoxicity. In summary, we have identified a possible mechanism to elucidate the olfactory dysfunction in PD, positing neuronal damage and inflammation due to apoptosis and astrocyte activity along the olfactory pathway in conjunction with the downregulation of TAAR1.

Preparation of Hydrophobic Au Catalyst and Application in One-Step Oxidative Esterification of Methacrolein to Methyl Methacrylate.

The water produced during the oxidative esterification reaction occupies the active sites and reduces the activity of the catalyst. In order to reduce the influence of water on the reaction system, a hydrophobic catalyst was prepared for the one-step oxidative esterification of methylacrolein (MAL) and methanol. The catalyst was synthesized by loading the active component Au onto ZnO using the deposition-precipitation method, followed by constructing the silicon shell on Au/ZnO using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) to introduce hydrophobic groups. Trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) was used as a hydrophobic modification reagent to prepare hydrophobic catalysts, which exhibited a water droplet contact angle of 111.2°. At a temperature of 80 °C, the hydrophobic catalyst achieved a high MMA selectivity of over 95%. The samples were characterized using XRD, N2 adsorption, ICP, SEM, TEM, UV-vis, FT-IR, XPS, and water droplet contact angle measurements. Kinetic analysis revealed an activation energy of 22.44 kJ/mol for the hydrophobic catalyst.

Primary leptomeningeal melanocytic neoplasms: A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular study of 12 cases.

This study investigated the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of primary leptomeningeal melanocytic neoplasms (LMNs). Twelve LMN cases were retrospectively reviewed. We performed Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (including a 4-probe FISH assay with CDKN2A and MYC assay) and Next-Generation sequencing analyses on available cases. Histologically, 2 tumours were classified as melanocytomas (MC), 2 as intermediate-grade melanocytomas (IMC), and 8 as leptomeningeal melanomas (LMM). Two rare cases of LMM were associated with large plaque-like blue nevus. One MC case was associated with Ota. Ten cases (83.3%) showed melanocytic cells with benign features diffusely proliferating within the meninges. The Ki-67 in three categories differed (MC 0-1%, IMC 0-3%, LMM 3-10%). 57.1% of LMM cases (4/7) were positive for FISH. Nine of 10 tumours harboured activating hotspot mutations in GNAQ, GNA11, or PLCB4. Additional mutations of EIF1AX, SF3B1, or BAP1 were found in 40%, 30%, and 10% of tumours, respectively. During the follow-up (median = 43 months), 5 LMM patients experienced recurrence and/or metastasis, 3 of them died of the disease and the other 2 are alive with the tumour. Our study is by far the first cohort of LMN cases tested by FISH. In addition to morphological indicators including necrosis and mitotic figures, using a combination of Ki-67 and FISH helps to differentiate between IMC and LMM, especially in LMM cases with less pleomorphic features. SF3B1 mutation is first described in 2 cases of plaque-type blue nevus associated with LMM. Patients with SF3B1 mutation might be related to poor prognosis in LMN.

A genetic optimisation and iterative reconstruction framework for sparse multi-dimensional diffusion-relaxation correlation MRI.

Multi-dimensional diffusion-relaxation correlation (DRC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have recently been developed to investigate tissue microstructures. Sub-voxel tissue heterogeneity is resolved from the local correlation distributions of relaxation time and molecular diffusivity. However, the implementation of these techniques considerably increases the total acquisition time, and simply reducing the scan time may be at the expense of detailed structural resolution. To overcome these limitations, an optimised framework was proposed for acquiring microstructural maps of the human brain on a clinically feasible timescale. First, the acquisition parameters of the multi-dimensional DRC MRI method were sparsely optimised using a genetic algorithm with a fitness function according to the spectral resolution of the correlation map, hardware requirements, and total scan time. Next, the acquired DRC MRI data were processed using a proposed numerical algorithm based on the dynamic inverse Laplace transform (ILT). Prior knowledge from one-dimensional data was then utilised in the iterative procedure to improve the spectral resolution. Finally, the proposed framework was validated using Monte Carlo simulations and experimental data acquired from healthy participants on an MRI scanner. The results demonstrated that the suggested approach is feasible for offering high-resolution DRC maps that correspond to distinct microstructures with a limited amount of optimised acquisition data from two-dimensional DRC sampling space. By significantly reducing scan time while retaining structural resolution, this approach may enable multi-dimensional DRC MRI to be more widely used for quantitative evaluation in biological and medical settings.

Broadband Balanced-to-Balanced Filtering Power Divider Using HMSIW-SSPP Transmission Line.

In this paper, a novel broadband balanced-to-balanced (BTB) filtering power divider (FPD) utilizing the half-mode substrate-integrated waveguide and spoof surface plasmon polariton (HMSIW-SSPP) hybrid transmission line is introduced. Initially, a new HMSIW-SSPP unit cell is proposed, demonstrating a lower upper cut-off frequency compared to the classical HMSIW-SSPP unit cell. Building upon this unit cell, a bandpass BTB FPD is devised employing dual-layer stacked substrates, enabling independent control over the passband's lower and upper cut-off frequencies through specific physical dimensions. Additionally, the incorporation of isolation resistors and defected ground structures in the BTB FPD enhances differential-mode isolation and common-mode (CM) suppression between output ports. A manufactured and tested BTB FPD prototype validates this design method, showcasing a broad fractional bandwidth of 52.31% (6.72-11.48 GHz), output port isolation surpassing 14.25 dB, and transmitted CM suppression exceeding 34.05 dB.

Household fuel and direct carbon emission disparity in rural China.

Universal access to clean fuels in household use is one explicit indicator of sustainable development while currently still billions of people rely on solid fuels for daily cooking. Despite of the recognized clean transition trend in general, disparities in household energy mix in different activities (e.g. cooking and heating) and historical trends remain to be elucidated. In this study, we revealed the historical changing trend of the disparity in household cooking and heating activities and associated carbon emissions in rural China. The study found that the poor had higher total direct energy consumption but used less modern energy, especially in cooking activities, in which the poor consumed 60 % more energy than the rich. The disparity in modern household energy use decreased over time, but conversely the disparity in total residential energy consumption increased due to the different energy elasticities as income increases. Though per-capita household CO2 and Black Carbon (BC) emissions were decreasing under switching to modern energies, the disparity in household CO2 and BC deepened over time, and the low-income groups emitted âˆ¼ 10 kg CO2 more compared to the high-income population. Relying solely on spontaneous clean cooking transition had limited impacts in reducing disparities in household energy and carbon emissions, whereas improving access to modern energy had substantial potential to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions and its disparity. Differentiated energy-related policies to promote high-efficiency modern heating energies affordable for the low-income population should be developed to reduce the disparity, and consequently benefit human health and climate change equally.

[Spatio-temporal variations of vegetation cover in semi-arid regions and its response to climate change: A case study of Xilin Gol, Inner Mongolia, China]. / åŠå¹²æ—±åŒºæ¤è¢«è¦†ç›–æ—¶ç©ºå˜åŒ–ç‰¹å¾åŠå ¶å¯¹æ°”å€™å˜åŒ–çš„å“åº”: 以锡林郭勒盟为例.

The quantitative analysis of spatio-temporal variations of vegetation cover and its correlation with climate are of great significance for understanding of ecological environment, ecological civilization construction, and sustainable development in semi-arid areas. We investigated the spatio-temporal variations of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and its response to climate change during 2000-2020 in Xilin Gol, Inner Mongolia, by using trend analysis, regression analysis and partial correlation analysis based on the data of MODIS-NDVI, tempe-rature, precipitation, digital elevation model. The results showed that vegetation cover in Xilin Gol had been increased from 2000 to 2020, which generally included three phases, i.e., stable fluctuation, rapid growth, and steady growth. The mean NDVI showed a zonal increasing distribution from southwest to northeast, and had a strong correlation with elevation and population density in Xilin Gol region. The high values of NDVI were mainly in the east, with a significant increasing trend, and the low values were in the southwest, with a local degradation. The sensitivity of vegetation cover to climate change showed spatial and temporal variations. The spatial variation of vegetation was more sensitive to temperature and the interannual variation was sensitive to annual precipitation. In summary, vegetation cover improved overall in Xilin Gol, but there was degradation in some areas. We should formulate differentiated and precise vegetation restoration and ecological environmental protection policies.

[Develop the rural ecology in the New Era]. / 发展新时代的乡村生态学.

Rural ecology is a comprehensive field of study that takes the rural social-ecological-economic systems as the objective object and emphasizes spatial carrier governance. The development of rural ecology in the New Era embodies and implements comprehensively the core concepts of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Cha-racteristics for a New Era, including harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, rural revitalization, green development, and the comprehensive construction of a socialist modernized nation. Under the goal of Chinese-style modernization, rural ecology exhibits characteristics distinct from the past, such as the integration of research objects, the intersectionality of basic theories, the computational feature of technical methods, and the orientation of exporting outcomes. To provide disciplinary support for modernization-oriented science to meet the new demands of country's rural development, effectively narrating the story of sustainable rural development in China and providing fundamental guarantees for the safety of rural systems, a number of issues such as paradigm innovation in research, improvement of data quality, and integration of comprehensive technologies, should be fully considered.

Fear of childbirth and influencing factors of expectant fathers in China: a cross-sectional study.

Fear of childbirth not only brings negative psychological experiences to expectant fathers and affect their ability to prepare for parenthood but can even affect children's emotional and cognitive development. It is essential to identify men with a more severe fear of birth and its related risk factors for the better transition of fathers' role. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of fear of childbirth among Chinese expectant fathers, identify its contributing factors and explore the association among fear of childbirth, resilience and dyadic coping. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the obstetric department of two tertiary hospitals in Wuhan, China. The socio-demographic questionnaire, the father's version of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire version A (W-DEQ A), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 (CD-RISC), and the Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI) were used to explore the correlation of fear of childbirth, resilience and dyadic coping of participants. Ultimately, a total of 1176 expectant fathers were included in this study. The prevalence of fear of childbirth was 32.1%. Gestational weeks of pregnant women, monthly income, adverse birth experience, gravidity and parity of pregnant women were considered risk factors for the expectant fathers with fear of childbirth. Furthermore, there was a weak negative correlation between fear of childbirth and resilience and dyadic coping. In conclusion, the prevalence of fear of childbirth in expectant fathers in China was high. Adequate identification of factors influencing the fear of childbirth among expectant fathers is necessary to reduce the fear of childbirth and to develop appropriate interventions in preparing fathers for their new parenting role.

Post-infarction ventricular septal rupture complicated with cardiogenic shock and multiple organ hemorrhage: An autopsy case report.

Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a catastrophic mechanical complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) that can result in acute heart failure. Delaying operative intervention frequently leads to cardiogenic shock and multi-organ failure. Here we report a case of massive anterior MI complicated with VSR that was discovered through cardiac Doppler ultrasound and suspected multiple organ hemorrhage. The patient showed signs of rapid cardiogenic shock and eventually died. The morphological changes of VSR and MI were identified during necropsy, and microscopic examinations of the heart, brain, and kidney revealed multiple organ hemorrhage. This autopsy case suggested that the complication of VSR caused by AMI results in a reduction of oxygen and nutrient content of the circulating blood throughout the body and, eventually, functional failure of multiple organs. We provide clinical and pathological evidence elucidating changes in multiple organs under the severe condition of post-infarction VSR and demonstrate the consequences of a lack of immediate surgery and sufficient medical intervention for a patient suffering from AMI with VSR.

The involvement of Neuregulin-1 in the process of facial nerve injury repair through the utilization of dental pulp stem cells.

BACKGROUND: Facial nerve injury often results in poor prognosis due to the challenging process of nerve regeneration. Neuregulin-1, a human calmodulin, is under investigation in this study for its impact on the reparative capabilities of Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) in facial nerve injury. METHODS: Lentivirus was used to transfect and construct Neuregulin-1 overexpressed DPSCs. Various techniques assessed the effects of Neuregulin-1: osteogenic induction, lipid induction, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, wound healing, immunofluorescence, Phalloidin staining, nerve stem action potential, Hematoxylin-eosin staining, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Neuregulin-1 effectively enhanced the proliferation, migration, and cytoskeletal rearrangement of DPSCs, while simultaneously suppressing the expression of Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) and Microfilament actin (F-actin). These changes facilitated the neural differentiation of DPSCs. Additionally, in vivo experiments showed that Neuregulin-1 expedited the restoration of action potential in the facial nerve trunk, increased the thickness of the myelin sheath, and stimulated axon regeneration. CONCLUSION: Neuregulin-1 has the capability to facilitate the repair of facial nerve injuries by promoting the regenerative capacity of DPSCs. Thus, Neuregulin-1 is a significant potential gene in the reparative processes of nerve damage.

Corrigendum: Identification of DYNLT1 associated with proliferation, relapse, and metastasis in breast cancer.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1167676.].

Death receptor 5 is required for intestinal stem cell activity during intestinal epithelial renewal at homoeostasis.

Intestinal epithelial renewal, which depends on the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), is essential for epithelial homoeostasis. Understanding the mechanism controlling ISC activity is important. We found that death receptor 5 (DR5) gene deletion (DR5-/-) mice had impaired epithelial absorption and barrier function, resulting in delayed weight gain, which might be related to the general reduction of differentiated epithelial cells. In DR5-/- mice, the expression of ISC marker genes, the number of Olfm4+ ISCs, and the number of Ki67+ and BrdU+ cells in crypt were reduced. Furthermore, DR5 deletion inhibited the expression of lineage differentiation genes driving ISC differentiation into enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, and Paneth cells. Therefore, DR5 gene loss may inhibit the intestinal epithelial renewal by dampening ISC activity. The ability of crypts from DR5-/- mice to form organoids decreased, and selective DR5 activation by Bioymifi promoted organoid growth and the expression of ISC and intestinal epithelial cell marker genes. Silencing of endogenous DR5 ligand TRAIL in organoids down-regulated the expression of ISC and intestinal epithelial cell marker genes. So, DR5 expressed in intestinal crypts was involved in the regulation of ISC activity. DR5 deletion in vivo or activation in organoids inhibited or enhanced the activity of Wnt, Notch, and BMP signalling through regulating the production of Paneth cell-derived ISC niche factors. DR5 gene deletion caused apoptosis and DNA damage in transit amplifying cells by inhibiting ERK1/2 activity in intestinal crypts. Inhibition of ERK1/2 with PD0325901 dampened the ISC activity and epithelial regeneration. In organoids, when Bioymifi's effect in activating ERK1/2 activity was completely blocked by PD0325901, its role in stimulating ISC activity and promoting epithelial regeneration was also eliminated. In summary, DR5 in intestinal crypts is essential for ISC activity during epithelial renewal under homoeostasis.

Stepwisely Assembled Multicomponent Fiber with High Water Content and Superior Mechanical Properties for Artificial Ligament.

The ligament, which connects bones at the joints, has both high water content and excellent mechanical properties in living organisms. However, it is still challenging to fabricate fibrous materials that possess high water content and ligament-like mechanical characteristics simultaneously. Herein, the design and preparation of a ligament-mimicking multicomponent fiber is reported through stepwise assembly of polysaccharide, calcium, and dopamine. In simulated body fluid, the resulting fiber has a water content of 40 wt%, while demonstrating strength of ≈120 MPa, a Young's modulus of ≈3 GPa, and a toughness of ≈25 MJ m-3 . Additionally, the multicomponent fiber exhibits excellent creep and fatigue resistance, as well as biocompatibility to support cell growth in vitro. These findings suggest that the fiber has potential for engineering high-performance artificial ligament.

Emotional arousal pattern (EMAP): A new database for modeling momentary subjective and psychophysiological responding to affective stimuli.

This article describes a new database (named "EMAP") of 145 individuals' reactions to emotion-provoking film clips. It includes electroencephalographic and peripheral physiological data as well as moment-by-moment ratings for emotional arousal in addition to overall and categorical ratings. The resulting variation in continuous ratings reflects inter-individual variability in emotional responding. To make use of the moment-by-moment data for ratings as well as neurophysiological activity, we used a machine learning approach. The results show that algorithms that are based on temporal information improve predictions compared to algorithms without a temporal component, both within and across participant modeling. Although predicting moment-by-moment changes in emotional experiences by analyzing neurophysiological activity was more difficult than using aggregated experience ratings, selecting a subset of predictors improved the prediction. This also showed that not only single features, for example, skin conductance, but a range of neurophysiological parameters explain variation in subjective fluctuations of subjective experience.