Charge inhomogeneity of carbon.

Charge distribution on every atom of carbon matter in four dimension forms (cluster, fullerene, atomistic carbon chain, nanotube, graphene, surface and solid) was investigated by the first-principles calculation. It is found that the charge distribution in most of these materials is inhomogeneous, even in one certain solid phase. We found that if one atom in carbon has different surrounding environment from another one nearby, they always have electron transfer, that is, they have different charge. In round C10 ring, C24 and C60 fullerenes, charge is zero, while charge is not zero in pentagon C10 ring, C30 and C70 fullerenes. At the ends of atomistic chains, nanotube or on the edges of graphenes, carbon atoms have larger positive or negative charge, while almost zero in the central parts. Charge is zero in diamond and graphite, while it is not zero in the high pressure solid phase hexagonite or on some carbon surfaces. The non-zero charge in carbon possibly means its non-zero valence.

Study on the correlation between CD14 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to laryngeal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: CD14 is the cell surface glycoprotein, which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. This study was designed to assess the association between CD14 SNPs and laryngeal cancer risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This case-control study including 406 cases of laryngeal cancer and 893 healthy controls. The relationship between the genetic variation of CD14, rs2569190 and rs5744455, and the onset risk of laryngeal cancer were investigated. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to study the relationship between CD14 gene polymorphism and pathogenesis of laryngeal cancer. RESULTS: The results showed that rs5744455 mutation could increase the onset risk of laryngeal cancer (TT vs. CC: OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.01-1.41; additive model: OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.01-1.42). The results of stratified analysis showed that rs5744455 was associated with the susceptibility to laryngeal cancer in the elderly, females, non-smokers and non-drinkers (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.04-1.66; OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.21-2.06; OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.08-1.69; OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.05-1.65). The analysis of combined effect of rs2569190 and rs5744455 showed that there was a combined effect between the two mutant loci (ptrend = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that the genetic variation of CD14, rs5744455, is related to the susceptibility to laryngeal cancer, providing a theoretical basis for the study of the pathogenesis of laryngeal cancer.

[Effect of Six1,TGF-ß,VEGF-C that promoting tumor lymphangiogenesis in human laryngeal carcinoma xenografts in nude mice].

Objective:To research the effect of Six1,TGF-ß,VEGF-C that promoting tumor lymphangiogenesis in human laryngeal carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Method:Technology of RNA interference was used for silencing Six1 and TGF-ß genes expression in laryngeal squamous cell, preparation Six1-targeting and TGF-ß-targeting siRNA for transfecting into laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, sieve out positive clone cell and amplify. Preparing bearing cancer mice, the mice were divided into five groups, group A (untransfected),group B(empty vector), group C(Six1-siRNA),group D(TGF-ß-siRNA),group E(Six1+TGF-ß-siRNA). 6-12mm when the tumor has grown, the mice were sacrificed by cervical. The size of each tumor and metastasis were observed and recorded.The protein expression of Six1,TGF-ß and VEGF-C was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.The mRNA of Six1,TGF-ß and VEGF-C was determined by RT-PCR. Result:The average tumor volume and the number of metastasis cases in group B have no statistically significant compared with group A. The average tumor volume in group C, group D and group E has no significantly reduced, but there is a clear reduction of the number of metastasis cases compared with group A. The average tumor volume and number of metastasis cases in group E has no significantly reduced compared with group C and group D. Both protein and mRNA expression of Six1, TGF-ß and VEGF-C in group B had no significant difference compared with group A. In group C, group D and group E,both protein and mRNA expression of VEGF-C was decreased,difference has statistically significant compared with group A. Both protein and mRNA expression of VEGF-C in group E had no significant difference compared with group C and group D. Conclusion:Both Six1 and TGF-ß can mediate tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis by mediate the expression of VEGF-C. Suggest that Six1,TGF-ß might be a potential therapeutic target for preventing lymph node metastasis of tumor.