Cancer Cell-Specific Fluorescent Prodrug Delivery Platforms.

Targeting cancer cells with high specificity is one of the most essential yet challenging goals of tumor therapy. Because different surface receptors, transporters, and integrins are overexpressed specifically on tumor cells, using these tumor cell-specific properties to improve drug targeting efficacy holds particular promise. Targeted fluorescent prodrugs not only improve intracellular accumulation and bioavailability but also report their own localization and activation through real-time changes in fluorescence. In this review, efforts are highlighted to develop innovative targeted fluorescent prodrugs that efficiently accumulate in tumor cells in different organs, including lung cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, glioma, and colorectal cancer. The latest progress and advances in chemical design and synthetic considerations in fluorescence prodrug conjugates and how their therapeutic efficacy and fluorescence can be activated by tumor-specific stimuli are reviewed. Additionally, novel perspectives are provided on strategies behind engineered nanoparticle platforms self-assembled from targeted fluorescence prodrugs, and how fluorescence readouts can be used to monitor the position and action of the nanoparticle-mediated delivery of therapeutic agents in preclinical models. Finally, future opportunities for fluorescent prodrug-based strategies and solutions to the challenges of accelerating clinical translation for the treatment of organ-specific tumors are proposed.

Traditional versus Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoforaminal Discectomy Effect on the Nervous System Function and Serum LEK, GFAP and PGE-2 in Patients with Senile Lumbar Spinal Stenosis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the influence of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) and traditional operation on the nervous system function and the serum leu-enkephalin (LEK), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2) in patients with senile lumbar spinal stenosis. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Orthopedics Two, Xinjiang Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Xinjiang, China, from March 2017 to March 2018. METHODOLOGY: A total of 146 patients with senile lumbar spinal stenosis were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 73 in each group. Control group underwent traditional operation, while the observation group underwent PTED. General situation of operation, serum LEK, GFAP, PGE-2, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score were compared. RESULTS: Intraoperative blood loss in observation group was less than that in control group (p<0.001). Both operation time and length of hospital stay in observation group were shorter than those in control group (both p<0.001). At 24 hours later after operation, both levels of serum LEK and ASIA score in observation group were higher than those in control group (p=0.006 and p<0.001, respectively), and levels of serum GFAP and PGE-2 and JOA score in observation group were all lower than those in control group (all p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Compared with traditional operation, PTED has the advantages of less intraoperative blood loss, shorter operation time and length of hospital stay, etc. Besides, PTED can effectively reduce serum LEK, BFGF and PGE-2 expression in patients; and dramatically improve their nervous system function and lumbar function.