A Stable High-Performance Zn-Ion Batteries Enabled by Highly Compatible Polar Co-Solvent.

Uncontrollable growth of Zn dendrites, irreversible dissolution of cathode material and solidification of aqueous electrolyte at low temperatures severely restrict the development of aqueous Zn-ion batteries. In this work, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFEA) with a volume fraction of 50% as a highly compatible polar-solvent is introduced to 1.3 M Zn(CF3SO3)2 aqueous electrolyte, achieving stable high-performance Zn-ion batteries. Massive theoretical calculations and characterization analysis demonstrate that TFEA weakens the tip effect of Zn anode and restrains the growth of Zn dendrites due to electrostatic adsorption and coordinate with H2O to disrupt the hydrogen bonding network in water. Furthermore, TFEA increases the wettability of the cathode and alleviates the dissolution of V2O5, thus improving the capacity of the full battery. Based on those positive effects of TFEA on Zn anode, V2O5 cathode, and aqueous electrolyte, the Zn//Zn symmetric cell delivers a long cycle-life of 782 h at 5 mA cm-2 and 2 mA h cm-2. The full battery still declares an initial capacity of 116.78 mA h g-1, and persists 87.73% capacity in 2000 cycles at -25 °C. This work presents an effective strategy for fully compatible co-solvent to promote the stability of Zn anode, V2O5 cathode and aqueous electrolyte for high-performance Zn-ion batteries.

GC-CDSS: Personalized gastric cancer treatment recommendations system based on knowledge graph.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, posing a serious threat to human health. Currently, gastric cancer treatment strategies emphasize a multidisciplinary team (MDT) consultation approach. However, there are numerous treatment guidelines and insights from clinical trials. The application of AI-based Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) in tumor diagnosis and screening is increasing rapidly. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to (1) summarize the treatment decision process for GC according to the treatment guidelines in China, and then create a knowledge graph (KG) for GC, (2) based on aforementioned KG, built a CDSS and conducted an initial feasibility evaluation for the current system. METHODS: Firstly, we summarized the decision-making process for treatment of GC. Then, we extracted relevant decision nodes and relationships and utilized Neo4j to create the KG. After obtaining the initial node features for building the graph embedding model, graph embedding algorithm, such as Node2Vec and GraphSAGE, were used to construct the GC-CDSS. At last, a retrospective cohort study was used to compare the consistency between GC-CDSS and MDT in treatment decision making. RESULTS: In current study, we introduce a GC-CDSS, which is constructed based on Chinese GC treatment guidelines knowledge graph (KG). In the KG, we define four types of nodes and four types of relationships, and it comprise a total of 207 nodes and 300 relationships. Regarding GC-CDSS, the system is capable of providing dynamic and personalized diagnostic and treatment recommendations based on the patient's condition. Furthermore, a retrospective cohort study is conducted to compare GC-CDSS recommendations with those of the MDT group, the overall consistency rate of treatment recommendations between the auxiliary decision system and MDT team is 92.96%. CONCLUSIONS: We construct a GC treatment support system, GC-CDSS, based on KG. The GC-CDSS may help oncologists make treatment decisions more efficient and promote standardization in primary healthcare settings.

A gene cluster encoding a nonribosomal peptide synthetase-like enzyme catalyzes γ-aromatic butenolides.

Sea cucumber-derived fungi have attracted much attention due to their capacity to produce an incredible variety of secondary metabolites. Genome-wide information on Aspergillus micronesiensis H39 obtained using third-generation sequencing technology (PacBio-SMRT) showed that the strain contains nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-like gene clusters, which aroused our interest in mining its secondary metabolites. 11 known compounds (1-11), including two γ-aromatic butenolides (γ-AB) and five cytochalasans, were isolated from A. micronesiensis H39. The structures of the compounds were determined by NMR and ESIMS, and comparison with those reported in the literature. From the perspective of biogenetic origins, the γ-butyrolactone core of compounds 1 and 2 was assembled by NRPS-like enzyme. All of the obtained compounds showed no inhibitory activity against drug-resistant bacteria and fungi, as well as compounds 1 and 2 had no anti-angiogenic activity against zebrafish.

Investigation of nonlinear optical properties in α-A2BB'O6 (A = Li, Na, K; B = Ti, Zr, Hf; B' = Se, Te) by first-principles calculations.

Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals based on oxides typically have wide bandgaps and large laser damage thresholds (LDTs), which are important for generating high-power and continuous terahertz radiation. Recently, a new family of NLO materials α-A2BB'O6 including Li2TiTeO6 (LTTO) with a strong second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of 26 × KH2PO4 (KDP) and a large LDT of 550 MW cm-2 were reported. Herein, we systematically study the electronic structures and NLO properties of α-A2BB'O6 (A = Li, Na, K; B = Ti, Zr, Hf; B' = Se, Te) to explore the relationship between the structure and SHG coefficient. First, 15 members of the A2BB'O6 family are demonstrated to be highly stable and NLO materials, excluding K2TiTeO6, K2TiSeO6 and K2ZrSeO6. Then, the electronic band structure, dipole moment and distortion of BO6/B'O6 octahedrons, SHG coefficient and terahertz absorption spectrum are calculated comprehensively with the element variation of A-site, B-site and B'-site. Finally, the magnitude of the SHG coefficient is found to be directly proportional to the value of total dipole moment and distortion, and inversely proportional to the bandgap value. Most importantly, among the A2BB'O6 materials, K2HfSeO6 shows the smallest direct bandgap of 2.99 eV, the largest SHG coefficient d33 of about 5 × LTTO and low terahertz absorbance from 0.1 to 9 THz. Our results provide new NLO crystals that may have potential application in terahertz radiation sources and other nonlinear electronics.

Ultralow Lattice Thermal Transport and Considerable Wave-like Phonon Tunneling in Chalcogenide Perovskite BaZrS3.

Chalcogenide perovskites provide a promising avenue for nontoxic, stable thermoelectric materials. Here, the thermal transport and thermoelectric properties of BaZrS3 as a typical orthorhombic perovskite are investigated. An extremely low lattice thermal conductivity κL of 1.84 W/mK at 300 K is revealed for BaZrS3, due to the softening effect of Ba atoms on the lattice and the strong anharmonicity caused by the twisted structure. We demonstrate that coherence contributions to κL, arising from wave-like phonon tunneling, lead to an 18% thermal transport contribution at 300 K. The increasing temperature softens the phonons, thus reducing the group velocity of materials and increasing the scattering phase space. However, it simultaneously reduces the anharmonicity, which is dominant in BaZrS3 and ultimately improves the particle-like thermal transport. In addition, via replacement of the S atom with Se- and Ti-alloying strategy, the ZT value of BaZrS3 is significantly increased from 0.58 to 0.91 at 500 K, making it an important candidate for thermoelectric applications.

In vitro corrosion resistance and dual antibacterial ability of curcumin loaded composite coatings on AZ31 alloy: Effect of amorphous calcium carbonate.

Rapid corrosion and bacterial infection are obstacles to put into use biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloy as biomedical materials. In this research, an amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC)@curcumin (Cur) loaded poly-methyltrimethoxysilane (PMTMS) coating prepared by self-assembly method on micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coated Mg alloy has been proposed. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are adopted to analyze the morphology and composition of the obtained coatings. The corrosion behaviour of the coatings is estimated by hydrogen evolution and electrochemical tests. The spread plate method without or with 808 nm near-infrared irradiation is applied to evaluate the antimicrobial and photothermal antimicrobial ability of the coatings. Cytotoxicity of the samples is tested by 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-2,5-di- phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) and live/dead assay culturing with MC3T3-E1 cells. Results show that the MAO/ACC@Cur-PMTMS coating exhibited favourable corrosion resistance, dual antibacterial ability, and good biocompatibility. Cur was employed as an antibacterial agent and photosensitizer for photothermal therapy. The core of ACC significantly improved the loading of Cur and the deposition of hydroxyapatite corrosion products during degradation, which greatly promoted the long-term corrosion resistance and antibacterial activity of Mg alloys as biomedical materials.

Atypical Sweet syndrome: skin sinus tracts in an acutely febrile patient after lymphoma treatment: a case report.

Sweet syndrome (SS) is an uncommon inflammatory disease that involves painful skin, edematous, red papules, plaques, or nodules often accompanied by fever and leukocytosis. SS has three subtypes, including classical, malignant-tumor associated, and drug-induced SS (DISS). Patients with DISS have clear histories of recent drug exposure. The incidence of SS is high in hematological malignancy but rare in lymphomas. Glucocorticoid treatment is the recommended treatment for all subtypes of SS. This case study describes a male patient who had a history of sALCL(Systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma) and was treated with multiple cycles of monoclonal-antibody (mAb) therapy. They also received the G-CSF injection at the site where skin lesions later developed. They met the diagnosis criteria for DISS, which was considered to be caused by the G-CSF injection. In addition, BV(Brentuximab vedotin) administration might predispose them to DISS. This case illustrates the first reported SS during the lymphoma treatment, with rare clinical presentations of local crater-like suppurative skin lesions. This case expands the available literature on SS and hematologic neoplasms and reminds clinicians to promptly recognize and diagnose SS to minimize patient morbidity and long-term sequelae.

[Interleukin 34 (IL-34) promotes the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of rat apical papillary stem cells].

Objective To investigate the effect of interleukin-34 (IL-34) on the odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) in rats. Methods SCAPs were isolated and cultured by enzyme digestion method, and the expression of IL-34 in SCAPs was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-PCR). MTT assay was used to analyze the effects of different concentrations of IL-34 on SCAPs' proliferation in rats. The mineralization was observed by alizarin red staining, and the proliferation capacity was detected by scratch test. The expressions of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and critical transcription factor osterix (OSX) were detected by RT-PCR. The protein expressions of ALP, DSPP, Runx2 and OSX were detected by Western blot analysis. Results The maximum concentration of IL-34 promoting the proliferation of SCAPs in rats was 100 ng/mL. Aalizarin red staining showed that IL-34 could promote the mineralization of SCAPs. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that 100 ng/mL IL-34 could promote the expression of ALP, DSPP, Runx2 and OSX. Conclusion IL-34 can promote the proliferation and odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs in rats.

Understanding Trends in Electrochemical Methanol Oxidation Reaction Activity on a Single Transition-Metal Atom Embedded in N-Coordinated Graphene Catalysts.

The lack of efficient catalysts and research on the mechanism for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) impedes the development of direct methanol fuel cells. In this work, based on density functional theory calculations, we systematically investigated the activity trends of electrochemical MOR on a single transition-metal atom embedded in N-coordinated graphene (M@N4C). By calculating the free energy diagrams of MOR on M@N4C, Co@N4C was screened out to be the most effective MOR catalyst with a low limiting potential of 0.41 V due to the unique charge transfers and electronic structures. Importantly, one- and two-dimensional volcano relationships in MOR on M@N4C catalysts are established based on the d-band center and the Gibbs free energy of ΔG*CH3OH and ΔG*CO, respectively. In one word, this work provides theoretical guides toward the improved activity of MOR on M@N4C and hints for the design of active and efficient MOR electrocatalysts.

Two-Dimensional Octuple-Atomic-Layer M2Si2N4 (M = Al, Ga and In) with Long Carrier Lifetime.

Bulk III-nitride materials MN (M = Al, Ga and In) and their alloys have been widely used in high-power electronic and optoelectronic devices, but stable two-dimensional (2D) III-nitride materials, except h-BN, have not been realized yet. A new kind of 2D III-nitride material M2Si2N4 (M = Al, Ga and In) is predicted by choosing Si as the appropriate passivation element. The stability, electronic and optical properties of 2D M2Si2N4 materials are studied systematically based on first-principles calculations. The results show that Al2Si2N4 and Ga2Si2N4 are found to be indirect bandgap semiconductors, while In2Si2N4 is a direct bandgap semiconductor. Moreover, Al2Si2N4 and In2Si2N4 have good absorption ability in the visible light region, while Ga2Si2N4 is an ultraviolet-light-absorbing material. Furthermore, the carrier lifetimes of Ga2Si2N4 and In2Si2N4 are as large as 157.89 and 103.99 ns, respectively. All these desirable properties of M2Si2N4 materials make them attractive for applications in electronics and photoelectronics.

Reconstructing community structure of online social network via user opinions.

User opinion affects the performance of network reconstruction greatly since it plays a crucial role in the network structure. In this paper, we present a novel model for reconstructing the social network with community structure by taking into account the Hegselmann-Krause bounded confidence model of opinion dynamic and compressive sensing method of network reconstruction. Three types of user opinion, including the random opinion, the polarity opinion, and the overlap opinion, are constructed. First, in Zachary's karate club network, the reconstruction accuracies are compared among three types of opinions. Second, the synthetic networks, generated by the Stochastic Block Model, are further examined. The experimental results show that the user opinions play a more important role than the community structure for the network reconstruction. Moreover, the polarity of opinions can increase the accuracy of inter-community and the overlap of opinions can improve the reconstruction accuracy of intra-community. This work helps reveal the mechanism between information propagation and social relation prediction.

Laryngeal function-preserving of frontolateral vertical partial laryngectomy (FLVPL) for selected T4a glottic cancer with thyroid cartilage invasion adherence to the anterior commissure: an innovative attempt.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy in selected T4a glottic cancer (thyroid cartilage invasion adherence to the anterior commissure) treated with frontolateral vertical partial laryngectomy (FLVPL) and laryngeal framework reconstruction using titanium mesh. METHODS: Six patients with the limited T4a glottic cancer with thyroid cartilage destruction adherence to the anterior commissure, underwent FLVPL from 2009 to 2016 in Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center. All patients were followed up postoperatively. RESULTS: All patients comprised radical tumor resection and favorable functional outcomes, and no aspiration and laryngeal stenosis were observed. According to postoperative pathology, four patients should go through postsurgical radiotherapy with a mean dose of 66 Gy. But one of them refused to undergo postoperative radiotherapy, who observed local recurrence in postcricoid area underwent total laryngectomy (TL) and ipsilateral selected neck dissection in post-surgery two year. During follow-up period, all patients were still alive, and five patients without local recurrence and distant metastases. CONCLUSION: FLVPL and laryngeal framework reconstruction using titanium mesh is one viable surgical procedure to obtain adequate oncologic and functional outcomes.

[Health Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals in a Small Watershed of a Mining Area in Yunnan].

The purpose of this study was to explore the pollution of soil heavy metals and the health risk of the contaminated soil to residents, which was affected by the copper mine in a small basin of a mining area in Yunnan Province. Soil (39 samples), sediment (six samples), water, and corresponding suspended particle (six samples) and dust (one sample) samples were collected. The contents of Cd, Pb, Hg, As, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr in the samples and the soil pH were determined. The spatial distribution of heavy metals was analyzed, and the source of soil heavy metals was innovatively traced by the relative proportion of heavy metals in various media. The geo-accumulation index, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index, and potential ecological risk index were used to evaluate and analyze the pollution status and the potential ecological risk of soil heavy metals in the watershed, whereas the health risk model recommended by USEPA was applied to evaluate the health risk. The results showed that the heavy metals in the soil of the upstream area might be derived from the synergistic input of irrigation, atmospheric deposition, and soil erosion. In the middle reaches and lower reaches, the irrigation and the soil erosion of sloping land mainly contributed the heavy metal input, respectively. It was also found that the pollution degree in the upstream area was higher than that in the downstream area. The farmland soil was seriously polluted by Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cu, and Cd, Zn, and Pb had high potential ecological risks. Although residents did not face the risk of non-cancer diseases, the carcinogenic risk had exceeded the acceptable level, and children were at higher risk of cancer. In addition, although the content of As in the soil was lower than that of Cd, Zn, and Pb, it had a higher carcinogenic risk.

Surface passivation induced a significant enhancement of superconductivity in layered two-dimensional MSi2N4 (M = Ta and Nb) materials.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal di-nitrides (TMN2) have been arousing great interest for their unique mechanic, electronic, optoelectronic, and magnetic properties. The recent successful growth of monolayer MSi2N4 (M = Mo and W) further motivates us to explore new physics and unusual properties behind this family. By using first-principles calculations and Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory, we predicted the existence of the superconductivity in single-layer (SL) 1T- and 1H-TaN2 with superconducting transition temperatures (Tc) of ∼0.86 and 1.3 K. Specifically, the Tc could be greatly enhanced to ∼24.6 K by passivating the TaN2 monolayer with Si-N bilayers. Furthermore, the superconductivity could be increased to ∼30.4 K via substituting lighter Nb for Ta. This enhancement of superconductivity mainly stems from the softer vibration modes consisting of in-plane Ta/Nb vibrations mixed with Si-xy vibrations. The superconductivity can be further tuned by applying external strains and carrier doping. This enhancement strategy of surface passivation and light atom substitution would suggest a new platform for 2D superconductors and provide an instructive pathway for next-generation nanoelectronics.

A combined recall and rank framework with online negative sampling for Chinese procedure terminology normalization.

MOTIVATION: Medical terminology normalization aims to map the clinical mention to terminologies coming from a knowledge base, which plays an important role in analyzing electronic health record and many downstream tasks. In this article, we focus on Chinese procedure terminology normalization. The expressions of terminology are various and one medical mention may be linked to multiple terminologies. Existing studies based on learning to rank does not fully consider the quality of negative samples during model training and the importance of keywords in this domain-specific task. RESULTS: We propose a combined recall and rank framework to solve these problems. A pair-wise Bert model with deep metric learning is used to recall candidates. Previous methods either train Bert in a point-wise way or based on a multi-class classification problem, which may lead serious efficiency problems or not be effective enough. During model training, we design a novel online negative sampling algorithm to activate the pair-wise method. To deal with multi-implication scenarios, we train the task of implication number prediction together with the recall task in a multi-task learning setting, since these two tasks are highly complementary. In rank step, we propose a keywords attentive mechanism to focus on domain-specific information such as procedure sites and procedure types. Finally, a fusion block merges the results of the recall and the rank model. Detailed experimental analysis shows our proposed framework has a remarkable improvement on both performance and efficiency. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The source code will be available at https://github.com/sxthunder/CMTN upon publication.

[Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy and Prognosis of Long-Term Maintenance Lenalidomide Therapy in Patients with Multiple Myeloma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated by long-term maintenance lenalidomide treatment. METHODS: A total of 97 patients diagnosed as MM in the Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from 2012 to 2019 were selected, and the basic clinical characteristics and laboratory indicators of the patients were tested and evaluated. After long-term maintenance lenalidomide treatment for patients with MM, the short-term and long-term clinical efficacy and the incidence of adverse reactions were evaluated, and factors affecting the prognosis of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS: Before maintenance treatment, 47.42% of the patients (46/97) did not achieve complete remission (CR), among 52.58% (51/97) of CR patients, there were 20.62% of the patients showed minimal residual leukemia (MRD) negative. After lenalidomide maintenance treatment, the patients who did not achieve CR were reduced to 24.74% (24/97), among 75.26% (73/97) of the patients with CR, there were 47.42% of the patients showed MRD negative, the difference showed statistically significant (P<0.001). After maintenance treatment, the median pro-gression-free survival of the patients was 58 months, and the 5-year survival rate was 89.69%. The incidence of adverse reactions was 40.21% (39/97), including neutropenia (31/39, 79.49%), fatigue (21/39, 53.85%), thrombocytopenia (17/39, 43.59%) and gastrointestinal reaction (15/39, 38.46%) were the most common. The discontinuation rate was 24.74% (24/97), and the median time for discontinuation was 21 months. The main reasons for discontinuation were neutropenia (12/24, 50.00%) , thrombocytopenia (8/24, 33.33%) and gastrointestinal reactions accounted for 8.33% (2/24). Old age and positive MRD were the risk factors affecting the prognosis of the patients. The adjusted OR was 1.43 (95% CI 1.03-1.76, P=0.034) and 3.78 (95% CI 2.56-9.56, P=0.037), respectively. CONCLUSION: The long-term maintenance lenalidomide treatment shows a good clinical effect on patients with MM, and MRD detection can assist the cilinical judge the prognosis of the patients. During maintenance treatment, the clinical symptoms, especially blood system damage of the patients should be take care, so as to avoid serious adverse reactions.

Transcervical endoscopic retropharyngeal lymph node (RPLN) dissection in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with RPLN recurrence.

BACKGROUND: Surgical access for retropharyngeal lymph node (RPLN) dissection is difficult. We aimed to examine the efficacy of transcervical endoscopic RPLN dissection (TSE-RPLND) for recurrent RPLN in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: From April 2013 to February 2019, a total of 31 patients with NPC diagnosed with RPLN recurrence underwent TSE-RPLND. The clinical characteristics, complications, and survival outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The mean duration of surgery, quantity of bleeding and postoperative hospitalization stay were 347.9 minutes, 107.7 mL, and 8.7 days, respectively. After a median follow-up of 31.0 months, the 2-year locoregional relapse-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival rates were 63.9%, 95.2%, 59.9%, and 83.3%, respectively. The long-term incidences of swallowing problems, permanent nutrient tube, tongue atrophy, and shoulder problems were 6 (19.4%), 3 (9.7%), 3 (9.7%), and 3 (9.7%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: TSE-RPLND is an effective method to treat RPLN recurrence in NPC, but nerve injury-related complications should not be ignored.

Gender Was Associated with Depression but Not with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between gender and gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunctions, as well as gender and other motor symptoms/nonmotor symptoms, in a sample of PD patients. METHODS: 186 patients with PD were recruited into this study and divided into male PD group (M-PD) and female PD group (FM-PD). Demographic and PD-related clinical information of the participants were collected by the same neurologist. PD patients were objectively assessed by a spectrum of rating scales of motor symptoms and nonmotor symptoms (including GI dysfunctions). The data were analyzed by SPSS 20 statistical software. RESULTS: Totally 95 cases (51.08%) were in the M-PD group and 91 cases (48.92%) in the FM-PD group. There were no significant differences in age, BMI, and lifestyles between the two groups (P > 0.05). Males had higher educational level (P = 0.002). Females were more likely to have early satiety and loss of appetite (P = 0.025, P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in LED disease duration, age of motor symptoms onset, types of motor symptoms onset, location of motor symptoms onset, and phenotype of motor symptoms between the two groups (P > 0.05). Females had significantly higher UPDRS-III and HAMD scores than males (P = 0.037, P = 0.034). There were no significant differences in PQSI, ESS, RLS, RBD, HAMA, HAMD, and MoCA scores between the two groups. Gender was associated with HAMD (OR = 0.682, P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Gender is a risk factor for depression, but not for GI dysfunctions in patients with PD.

Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy and Prognosis of Long-Term Maintenance Lenalidomide Therapy in Patients with Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated by long-term maintenance lenalidomide treatment.@*METHODS@#A total of 97 patients diagnosed as MM in the Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from 2012 to 2019 were selected, and the basic clinical characteristics and laboratory indicators of the patients were tested and evaluated. After long-term maintenance lenalidomide treatment for patients with MM, the short-term and long-term clinical efficacy and the incidence of adverse reactions were evaluated, and factors affecting the prognosis of the patients were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Before maintenance treatment, 47.42% of the patients (46/97) did not achieve complete remission (CR), among 52.58% (51/97) of CR patients, there were 20.62% of the patients showed minimal residual leukemia (MRD) negative. After lenalidomide maintenance treatment, the patients who did not achieve CR were reduced to 24.74% (24/97), among 75.26% (73/97) of the patients with CR, there were 47.42% of the patients showed MRD negative, the difference showed statistically significant (P<0.001). After maintenance treatment, the median pro-gression-free survival of the patients was 58 months, and the 5-year survival rate was 89.69%. The incidence of adverse reactions was 40.21% (39/97), including neutropenia (31/39, 79.49%), fatigue (21/39, 53.85%), thrombocytopenia (17/39, 43.59%) and gastrointestinal reaction (15/39, 38.46%) were the most common. The discontinuation rate was 24.74% (24/97), and the median time for discontinuation was 21 months. The main reasons for discontinuation were neutropenia (12/24, 50.00%) , thrombocytopenia (8/24, 33.33%) and gastrointestinal reactions accounted for 8.33% (2/24). Old age and positive MRD were the risk factors affecting the prognosis of the patients. The adjusted OR was 1.43 (95% CI 1.03-1.76, P=0.034) and 3.78 (95% CI 2.56-9.56, P=0.037), respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The long-term maintenance lenalidomide treatment shows a good clinical effect on patients with MM, and MRD detection can assist the cilinical judge the prognosis of the patients. During maintenance treatment, the clinical symptoms, especially blood system damage of the patients should be take care, so as to avoid serious adverse reactions.