ABSTRACT
Modern life is filled with radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) in various frequency bands, while the health risks are not clear. In this study, mice were whole-body exposed to 0.9/1.5/2.65 GHz radiofrequency radiation at 4 W/kg for 2 h per day for 4 weeks to investigate the emotional effects. It was found that the mice showed anxiety but no severe depression. The ELISA results showed a significant decrease in amino acid neurotransmitters (GABA, DA, 5-HT), although acetylcholine (ACH) levels were not significantly altered. Furthermore, Western blot results showed that BDNF, TrkB, and CREB levels were increased in the cerebral cortex, while NF-κB levels were decreased. In addition, pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1ß, TNF-α) were significantly elevated, and anti-inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-10) tended to decrease. In conclusion, multi-frequency electromagnetic radiation induces an inflammatory response through the CREB-BDNF-TrkB and NF-κB pathways in the cerebral cortex and causes a decrease in excitatory neurotransmitters, which ultimately causes anxiety in mice.
Subject(s)
Anxiety , Cerebral Cortex , Electromagnetic Radiation , Inflammation , Animals , Mice , Cerebral Cortex/radiation effects , Male , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism , NF-kappa B/metabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the analytical method of the HPLC fingerprint of Cortex Moutan Carbonisatum and offer the evidence for quality control and quality evaluation of carbonized Cortex Moutan accordingly.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Ten batches of Cortex Moutan Carbonisatum were measured by HPLC with Paeonol as a reference substance and the HPLC analysis was performed on a Hedera ODS-3 Chromatographic Column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm), with methanol to Acetonitrile (1:1) and 0.5% trifluoroacetic acid solution as mobile phase in gradient mode and the detection wavelength was at 258 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The common mode of the HPLC fingerprints were set up. There were 11 common peaks in the fingerprint of ten samples, and the similar degrees to the ten batches were between 0.830-0.991.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is simple, accurate and have a good reaptability. And the quality of Cortex Moutan Carbonisatum can be controlled effectively by the HPLC fingerprint.</p>
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Paeonia , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Study on the of content variety of flavonoids in the course of processing Cortex Moutan,and discuss the preparation mechanism of Cortex Moutan Carbonisatum (CMC).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>HPLC method was developed for the determination of flavonoids in various extent of CMC, the sample was extracted by ultrasound 30 min twice along with ethanol 50 mL. Chromatographic conditions were as follows: wavelength 360 nm, gradient eluant of methanol--0.5% per hundred trifluoroacetic acid.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The content of the three flavonoids cuts down along with the processing time and the rising temperature.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The impact of various extent of processing on flavonoids content of the CMC is very great. The overall trend is that high temperature and long time lead to the lower of the content of flavonoids. This provides a basis data for the further study on the hemostatic mechanism and quality control of CMC.</p>
