ABSTRACT
High fluoride water is a crucial driving factor for endemic fluorosis. As an important research content of hydrogeochemistry, the enrichment of fluorine in alkaline water has received a fair amount of scholarly attention, but the understanding of the migration and enrichment of fluorine in acid mine drainage (AMD) in karst area remains very limited. An analysis of 13 consecutive periods of hydrochemical samples (312 samples in total) revealed that the weathering of carbonates and sulfide-rich coal measures induced a pH as low as 2.29 in the Chetian River in Jinsha, Southwest China. The highest content of fluorine in AMD was 23.8 mg/L, and the average content in the basin was 1.4 mg/L. In terms of the seasonal variation in the whole basin, the fluorine content were higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. The mineral saturation index shows that the dissolution of fluorapatite and fluorite is an important source of fluorine. The chloro-alkaline indices displayed a strong ion exchange process in the basin, promoting the release of fluorine in silicate minerals. In comparison, the contribution of external inputs, such as atmospheric deposition, was less. Additionally, evaporation was shown to have a limited influence on fluorine enrichment. Meanwhile, pH was an essential factor driving the dynamic transformation of the mode of occurrence of fluorine in water. In the upstream alkaline water, the main occurrence form of fluorine was free F-, while the F/Al ratio for most of the acidic samples was ≤ 1.0, indicating the main occurrence form of fluorine was likely AlF2+. The conclusion of this study provides a new understanding for deepening the geochemical characteristics of fluorine in karst surface water.
Subject(s)
Groundwater , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Acids/analysis , China , Environmental Monitoring , Fluorides/analysis , Fluorine , Groundwater/chemistry , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Minerals/analysis , Water/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysisABSTRACT
Objective To construct high-capacity ribosome display single-chain Fv library for selection of high affinity ScFv antibody.Methods We isolate human lymphocyte from peripheralblood(2 normal,3 gastric cancer,3 colonic cancer,1 pancreatic cancer,each 5 mL and 2 newborn,each 2 mL)and extract RNA for cloning whole human heavy chain and light chain gene by RT-PCR.VH and VL were rearranged randomly by SOEing(splicing by overlap extension,SOEing).Finally,the elements for in vitro screening such as T7 promoter and ribosome binding site were introduced while the SOEing products were amplified.Moreover,ribosome display template were verified by blue/white screening and further sequencing.Results We successfully constructed ribosome display ScFv library with a volume of 1.1?1013.Conclusion The construction of high-capacity ScFv library shed light on multiple therapeutic ScFv screening.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate the relationship between expression of Bmi-1(B cell-specific MLV integration site-1) in gastric cancer and its clinicopathologic significance.METHODS: 146 surgical patients with gastric carcinoma were followed up at least 2 years.Expression of Bmi-1 protein was examined by immunohistochemistry in their archival paraffin embedded tissue specimens.RESULTS: The intensive positive rate of Bmi-1 expression in gastric cancer was 67.8%(99/146).Expression of Bmi-1 was highly correlated with tumor size,clinical stage,lymph node metastasis and T classification(P0.05).The survival rate in the patients with Bmi-1 expression was much lower than that in those patients without Bmi-1 expression(P
ABSTRACT
The Leishmania Donovani, in bone morrow of 1 case Kala-Azar was observed with electron microscope. The results showed that the ultrastructure of the Leishmania Donovani was similar to that of other Leishmanial species, however, there were some differences in the size of parasites, microtubule intervals and numbers.
