ABSTRACT
Information on the health impacts of pesticides is quite limited in many developing countries, with many surveys relying solely on farmer self-assessments of their health status. To test the reliability of self-reported data, an acetyl cholinesterase enzyme (AChE) blood test was conducted for 190 rice farmers in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Results reveal a high prevalence of pesticide poisoning by organophosphate and carbamate exposure, where over 35% of test subjects experienced acute pesticide poisoning (a reduction of AChE >25%), and 21% chronically poisoned (>66% AChE reduction). Using the medical test results as benchmarks, we find that farmers' self-reported symptoms have very weak associations with actual poisoning. To investigate the possible determinants of pesticide poisoning, a probit model was constructed with pesticide amount, toxicity, training, and the use of protective measures as explanatory variables. The results indicate that although the absolute amount of pesticides used does not increase the probability of poisoning, a 1% increase in the use of highly hazardous pesticides (WHO Ia or Ib) increases the probability of poisoning by 3.9% and an increased use of protective measures decreases the probability of poisoning by 44.3%. We also find significant provincial differences in poisoning incidence after we control for individual factors. The provincial effects highlight the potential importance of negative externalities, and suggest that future research on pesticide-related damage should include information on local water, air and soil contamination.
Subject(s)
Agricultural Workers' Diseases/epidemiology , Carbamates/poisoning , Cholinesterases/blood , Organophosphate Poisoning , Pesticides/poisoning , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/blood , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/prevention & control , Carbamates/blood , Cholinesterases/drug effects , Developing Countries , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Exposure , Organophosphates/blood , Pest Control/methods , Pesticides/blood , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and Questionnaires , VietnamABSTRACT
Worker of 18 petroleum enterprises and stores in northern and central Vietnam, who exposed to petroleum materials, were involved to a comprehensive study. This study covered environmental surveillance, health examinations, diagnosis of occupational disease, laboratory analyses. Results were statistically evaluated. An improvement of work-place environment was noted, but in some places plomb tetraethyl level in air was still higher by many times than the tolerant standard. Among the subjects exposed to petroleum materials, the incidence of occupational diseases was higher by 91- 3.73 times than that of control subjects.
Subject(s)
Work , Environment , Workplace , PetroleumABSTRACT
The petroleum and lubricant might induce occupational melanosis with the rate of 20.77%. The risk factors on direct exposure to petroleum group account for 13.73 times higher than non-exposed group. Results showed that the occupational melanosis in petrol workers might be well cured if patients would be removed from exposure and the healing rate was high (93%). The methods of treatment were considered as effective
