The RNA sequencing results revealed the expression of different genes and signaling pathways during chemotherapy resistance in peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that occurs primarily at extranodal sites and is commonly treated using chemotherapy and radiotherapy. PTCL is more malignant than other lymphoid tumors, resulting in a poor prognosis.The 5-year recurrence rate remains high, and there is a lack of standard treatment for patients with relapse-resistant disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistance of peripheral T-cell lymphoma cells to chemotherapeutic drugs, as well as identifying strategies to overcome drug resistance remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify pivotal genes and signaling pathways associated with chemotherapy resistance in PTCL. METHODS: In this study, a total of 5 healthy controls and 7 clinical patients were enrolled; 4 patients were classified as chemotherapy sensitive, and 3 patients were classified as chemotherapy resistant. Peripheral blood samples were collected from each participant, and total RNA was extracted from the white blood cells. RNA sequencing was conducted on the Illumina HiSeq platform to obtain comprehensive gene expression profiles. Subsequently, the expression patterns of the DEGs associated with the most enriched signaling pathways, with a special focus on cancer-related genes, were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in peripheral TCL patients. RESULTS: RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed 4063 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in peripheral T-cell lymphoma specimens from patients with chemotherapy resistance, of which 1128 were upregulated and 2935 were downregulated. Subsequent quantitative gene expression analysis confirmed a differential expression pattern in all the libraries, with 9 downregulated genes and 10 upregulated genes validated through quantitative real-time PCR in 6 clinical specimens from patients with chemotherapy resistance. KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant alterations in several pathways, with 6 downregulated pathways and 9 upregulated pathways enriched in the DEGs. Notably, the TNF signaling pathway, which is extensively regulated, was among the pathways that exhibited significant changes. These findings suggest that DEGs and the TNF signaling pathway may play crucial roles in chemotherapy resistance in peripheral T-cell lymphoma. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that the expression of specific genes, including TNFRSF1B, TRADD2, and MAP3K7, may play an important role in chemotherapy resistance in peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Moreover, we identified the downregulation of the TNF signaling pathway, a crucial pathway involved in cell survival, death, and differentiation, as a potential contributor to the development of chemotherapy resistance in peripheral T-cell lymphoma. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance and highlight potential targets for overcoming treatment resistance in this challenging disease.

The status of homologous recombination deficiency and BRCA1/2 gene mutation in ovarian cancer patients in the Yunnan region and their clinical significance / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 目的：采用基于中国人群单核苷酸多态性位点开发的同源重组缺陷（HRD）检测工具评估云南地区卵巢癌患者的HRD状态和BRCA1/2基因突变频率并探讨其临床意义。方法：共纳入2021年1月至2023年5月间在云南省肿瘤医院收治的卵巢癌患者248例，HRD状态采用基因组瘢痕评分法（GSS）（主要依据拷贝数的长度、类型、位置及基因组断片）或HRD评分法（杂合性缺失、端粒等位基因失衡及大片段移位等基因组不稳定事件的总和）进行评估，当组织样本的GSS≥50分或HRD评分≥42分者或检测到有害的BRCA1/2基因突变时HRD被定义为阳性。分析患者HRD状态与临床病理特征的关系。结果：248名卵巢癌患者中70.97%的患者HRD呈阳性，其中BRCA1/2基因突变率为30.65%。Ⅲ~Ⅵ期、高级别浆液腺癌的卵巢癌患者具有更高的HRD阳性率（均P<0.01），HRD评分更高的患者其合并其他基因突变的频率也越高（P<0.05）。HRD状态与卵巢癌的病理类型、临床分期和其他基因突变均有关联（均P<0.01）。结论：云南地区卵巢癌患者HRD阳性率较高，HRD阳性的卵巢癌患者可以从聚ADP核糖聚合酶（PARP）抑制剂治疗中获得更大的收益。

Mutational characteristics of Chinese Han and ethnic minorities in southwestern China: a propensity score matched analysis.

Background: In China, there has never been a comprehensive analysis of lung cancer-associated genetic mutations focused on ethnic minorities in the southwestern region. Our study aimed to provide valuable information on lung cancer-associated genetic alterations for cancer diagnosis and treatment, especially in ethnic minorities. Methods: Retrospective data acquisition was conducted spanning 3 years (2016.01-2019.06) among all patients who were diagnosed with lung cancer at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Hospital. A total of 5,167 patients including 373 ethnic minorities were included in this study. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to eliminate the bias between Han and other ethnic minorities, including gender, age, smoking history, metastasis status, clinical stage, histological type, sample type, region, and Xuanwei origin. All tests were two-tailed, and significance was defined as P less than 0.05. Results: In terms of the prevalence of EGFR, EGFR L858R, EGFR T790M, ROS1, RET, MET, BRAF, and ERBB2 mutations, there was no significant difference among ethnic groups in Yunnan Province (P>0.05). A higher proportion of EGFR 19 deletion was observed in Hui patients with lung cancer compared with patients of other ethnicities in Yunnan (P=0.048). The prevalence of KRAS mutations was higher in Hani (17.65%, 3/17) and Han patients (11.44%, 80/699) than that in other Yunnan ethnicities (6.04%, 9/149; P=0.07). In Hui patients, ALK fusion was correlated with a history of non-smoking and male gender. In Bai patients, BRAF mutation was also correlated with a history of non-smoking. In all ethnic groups, EGFR mutation was more frequent in women. Conclusions: This study is the first in-depth large case-control study on genetic mutation profiles among multi-ethnic patients in southwestern China, especially focused on ethnic minorities in this area. Our study may facilitate the understanding of the etiology of this malignant disease and consequently help to reduce the incidence of lung cancer in Yunnan ethnic minority areas.