[Prospects for the correction of intestinal microbiota in the prevention and treatment of asthma in children].

The issues of therapy and prevention of asthma in children do not lose their relevance. The increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases and asthma is associated, among other things, with a relative deficit in the microbial load and changes in the microbiota due to improved hygiene and living conditions. The microbiota plays an important role in the formation and functioning of the immune system. Contact with microorganisms contributes to the normal maturation of T-regulatory cells, preventing an inadequate immune response in both the Th1- and Th2-pathways. Aim - literature review on the possibilities of gut microbiota correction for prevention and treatment of asthma in children. Results. In children with an increased risk of asthma, abnormalities in the intestinal microbiota are observed in the first year of life: there is a relative deficiency of Lachnospira, Veillonella, Faecalibacterium and Rothia. The imbalance of the intestinal microbiota is accompanied by a decrease in the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids (butyrate, acetate, propionate), which, among other things, play the role of signaling molecules. Gut microbiota maturation is delayed in children at risk of asthma. It is not clear whether the diversity of the gut microbiota is associated with the risk of developing asthma. Maintenance of normal gut microbiota or correction of its disturbances in early life is a possible approach to the prevention and treatment of asthma. Breastfeeding, vaginal delivery, constant contact with farm animals or dogs since an early age, limiting antibiotic use in the first year of life, a varied diet with the inclusion of fiber-rich foods, and the use of pre- and probiotics can help. However, the implementation of these recommendations in practice is difficult. Further research is required to identify specific prophylactic stimuli reproducible in the urban environment. The conflicting results of studies in this area, in particular, the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention of asthma, require large-scale prospective cohort studies with a long follow-up period and careful selection of probiotic strains and their combinations. Now, there are no definitive recommendations on the use of probiotics for the prevention of allergic diseases. Conclusion. The possibilities of correcting the gut microbiota for the prevention and treatment of asthma are actively studied, but at present, there are many contradictions and unresolved issues.

FOR EXTRAINTESTINAL MANIFESTATIONS OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN CHILDREN.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are systemic diseases with different intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations (ElM). This fact can determin an examination plan and the disease course and prognosis. Up to 8.4% of children with IBD have ELM like the first symptom of the disease. The range of ElM of iBD in children is differ from that one of adult patients: rarer arthropathy and arthritis, skin and liver diseases, an extremely rare eye disease. The physical development disorder is a typical children's manifestation of the IBD, the "failure of the weight curve" is an early symptom of the IBD debut (82% of examined children), especially ulcerative colitis. The article discusses the clinical features and therapy of the most frequent extraintestinal manifestations of IBD in children: skin, mucous, eye diseases, axial and peripheral arthropathies, primary scierosing cholangitis, physical, sexual development disorders, decreased bone mineral density. Most often, we observed patients with arthritis and primary scierosing cholangitis - up to 12.5% of patients with active disease. A growth failure was observed in 20% of children with IBD debut, and remained in 9.7% children despite adequate anti-inflammatory therapy. Decreased bone mineral density in children with IBD observed in 30% cases (ISCD-recommendations). Extraintestinal manifestations are very important to make the early diagnosis of IBD without any intestinal symptoms. The pediatrician can suspect a systemic diseases course. ElMs adversely impact upon patientsquality of life and some can be life-threatening.

[Action of Combined Magnetic Fields with a Very Weak Low-frequency Alternating Component on Luminol-dependent Chemiluminescence in Mammalian Blood].

It is shown that the exposure of heparinized venous human blood diluted in phosphate buffer saline to extremely weak alternating magnetic fields of the ultralow-frequency (1 Hz, 600 nT; 4.4 Hz, 100 nT; 16.5 Hz, 160 nT) in combination with a collinear static magnetic field of 42 microT at physiological temperatures, causes a sharp 3-4 fold increase in its chemiluminescence after addition of luminol.