Developing a data repository to support interdisciplinary research into childhood stunting: a UKRI GCRF Action Against Stunting Hub protocol paper.

INTRODUCTION: As a topic of inquiry in its own right, data management for interdisciplinary research projects is in its infancy. Key issues include the inability of researchers to effectively query diverse data outputs and to identify potentially important synergies between discipline-specific data. Equally problematic, few semantic ontologies exist to better support data organisation and discovery. Finally, while interdisciplinary research is widely regarded as beneficial to unpacking complex problems, non-researchers such as policy-makers and planners often struggle to use and interrogate the related datasets. To address these issues, the following article details the design and development of the UKRI GCRF Action Against Stunting Hub (AASH)'s All-Hub Data Repository (AHDR). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The AHDR is a single application, single authentication web-based platform comprising a data warehouse to store data from across the AASH's three study countries and to support data querying. Four novel components of the AHDR are described in the following article: (1) a unique data discovery tool; (2) a metadata catalogue that provides researchers with an interface to explore the AASH's data outputs and engage with a new semantic ontology related to child stunting; (3) an interdisciplinary aid to support a directed approach to identifying synergies and interactions between AASH data and (4) a decision support tool that will support non-researchers in engaging with the wider evidence-based outputs of the AASH. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval for this study was granted by institutional ethics committees in the UK, India, Indonesia and Senegal. Results will be disseminated via publications in peer-reviewed journals; presentations at international conferences and community-level public engagement events; key stakeholder meetings; and in public repositories with appropriate Creative Commons licences allowing for the widest possible use.

Volumetric Analysis of Hand and Rotary Instrumentation, Root Canal Filling Techniques, and Obturation Materials in Primary Teeth Using Spiral CT.

AIM AND BACKGROUND: To compare the root canal volume in primary teeth using hand and rotary instruments and to evaluate root canal filling techniques and flow of root canal obturation materials in the postinstrumented root canal volume using spiral computed tomography (SCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Freshly extracted 16 primary molars were randomly divided into two groups and subjected to SCT analysis before and after instrumentation. For the manual technique (group I) with eight teeth were prepared using K files, and rotary (group II) eight teeth preparation was performed with ProTaper files. The filled volume in each canal was measured using SCT, and the percentage of obturated volume was calculated. The data were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in both groups' volume of root canals enlarged. Even though both K files and the ProTaper system brought about enlarged canals after instrumentation, there was a statistically significant increase in volume after using K files in two canals. In three canals, there was a statistically significant increase in volume after using ProTaper. Irrespective of the obturation technique and materials used, there is no statistically significant difference in the volume after obturation. CONCLUSION: From the results of this study, the ProTaper file system shows suitable volumetric enlargement up to an optimum level, which is needed in primary root canal walls, and is better in canal shaping, as evidenced by good postobturation volume. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The traditional method of cleaning and shaping the root canals in permanent teeth using manual stainless-steel files can lead to undesirable curvatures in root canal morphology, making correctly filling the root canals difficult. It is also time-consuming and sometimes leads to iatrogenic errors. Rotary nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) instrumentation techniques have been developed to overcome these problems. How to cite this article: Yadav DBUC, Varma RB, Kumar JS, et al. Volumetric Analysis of Hand and Rotary Instrumentation, Root Canal Filling Techniques, and Obturation Materials in Primary Teeth Using Spiral CT. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(3):250-259.

Investigating market-based opportunities for the provision of nutritious and safe diets to prevent childhood stunting: a UKRI-GCRF action against stunting hub protocol paper.

BACKGROUND: Inadequate access to affordable, safe, desirable and convenient nutrient-dense food is one of the underlying causes of child stunting. While targeted nutrition-sensitive interventions (eg, backyard 'nutri-gardens') may increase dietary diversity within farming households, such interventions have limited scalability across the wider food system where markets remain underdeveloped. This research aims to develop and assess market-based interventions for key nutrient-dense foods to help improve the diets of women and children in the first 1000 days of life. METHODS: Data collection uses four parallel approaches in each of the three study countries (India, Indonesia and Senegal). (1) A novel food environment tool will be developed to characterise the accessibility and affordability of nutrient-dense foods in the study countries. The tool will be validated through pretesting using cognitive interviewing and piloting in purposively sampled households, 10 (cognitive interviewing) and 30 (piloting) households in each country; (2) stakeholder interviews (eg, with producers, intermediaries and retailers) will be conducted to map out nutrition-sensitive entry points of key value chains (eg, animal-sourced foods), before hotspots of potential food safety hazards will be identified from food samples collected along the chains; (3) the Optifood and Agrifood tools will be used to identify foods that can address food system nutrient gaps and engage key stakeholders to prioritise market interventions to improve nutrition outcomes. Optifood and Agrifood parameters will be informed by publicly available data, plus interviews and focus groups with value chain stakeholders; (4) informed by the previous three approaches and a campaign of participatory 'group model building', a novel system dynamics model will evaluate the impact of alternative market-based solutions on the availability and affordability of nutrient-dense foods over time. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has received ethical approval in the United Kingdom, Senegal, Indonesia and India. Dissemination comprises peer-reviewed journals, international disciplinary conferences and multistakeholder dissemination workshops.

Plasma GDNF levels in spinal dysraphism and its relation with neurological impairment in children: A point of care study.

AIMS: GDNF plays a crucial role in the stimulation of recovery, neuroplasticity and synaptic reorganization after spinal cord injury providing neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. Plasma GDNF levels are upregulated in cases of spina bifida owing to the intrauterine damage of the exposed spinal cord. Our aim was to compare the plasma GDNF levels in patients of spina bifida with non-spina bifida cases and assess the correlation with neurological impairment at one year of follow up. METHODS: Single centre prospective analysis of cases of spina bifida from 2020 to 2022 at presentation and after one year of follow up post-surgery. Cases with hernia and hydrocele without any other disorders were recruited into the control group. Plasma GDNF levels were assessed with immunoassay kits and compared with neurological involvement. RESULTS: 85 cases were included in the study. GDNF levels were elevated in cases compared to controls (mean 6.62 vs 1.76) with significant p value (<0.01). Same was observed for open and closed defects (mean 7.63 vs 4.86: p < 0.01). At follow up of 52 cases post-surgery cases with neurogenic bladder with abnormal urodynamic studies, sphincter involvement and motor impairment had significantly elevated baseline levels of GDNF compared with those who did not have this neurological impairment (p < 0.01). DISCUSSION: The neurotrophic factor up-regulation can reflect an endogenous attempt at neuroprotection against the biochemical and molecular cascades triggered by the spinal cord damage. This upregulation can be represented as important biochemical markers of severe spinal cord damage and can be associated with severity of spine injury in MMC patients. Our results are in keeping with these findings, that, there were increased levels of plasma GDNF levels in cases of spinal dysraphism compared to control population. Also, the type of lesion reflecting the severity whether a closed or an open dysraphism, showed significant difference in levels between them suggesting, yet again, more damage in open defect as expected. The levels were higher with involvement of bladder, sphincter and lower limb power. CONCLUSION: There is significant elevation of plasma GDNF levels in cases of spina bifida and this elevation is proportional to the degree of spinal damage and hence the neurological impairment. GDNF levels are a good predictor for assessing the severity of the lesion and thus the outcome in these cases. Additional prospective and long-term studies with a larger cohort are needed for a better understanding of neurotrophin pattern modulation in MMC.

Post-tonsillectomy Hemorrhage in Patients Receiving Ketorolac Analgesic.

Background Ketorolac, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is thought to have less sedation as well as postoperative nausea and vomiting in comparison to opioids, but with higher risk of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage as reported in some of the literatures. There is no consensus till date in the use of ketorolac in the management of pain following tonsil and adenoid related surgeries. Objective To find out the incidence of hemorrhage following tonsil and adenoid related surgeries in patients receiving ketorolac in postoperative period. Method This is a retrospective chart review of patients undergoing tonsil and adenoid related surgeries who had received ketorolac during April, 2013 to May, 2019 at department of ENT-HNS, Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS), Lalitpur, Nepal. Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage rate was calculated in pediatric and adult patients. Result During the study period, 103 patients (male - 50 and female - 53) received ketorolac in postoperative period. Tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy were performed in 71and 32 patients respectively. Forty-five patients were < 18 years whereas 58 were ≥ 18 years. Most common indication for surgery was recurrent tonsillitis (66/103) followed by adenotonsillar hypertrophy (31/103). Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage was observed in 15 patients; among them, four out 45 were < 18 years and 11 out of 58 ≥ 18 years. All five patients out of 15, who required surgical intervention for post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage, were ≥ 18 years and were operated for recurrent tonsillitis. Rest of the patients (10/15) were managed conservatively. None of the patients required blood transfusion. Conclusion Ketorolac is not associated with increased risk of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage in children and can safely be administered. Whereas in adults, recurrent tonsillitis being the most common indication for tonsillectomy, it should be used cautiously.

Morphological diagnosis of hematologic malignancy using feature fusion-based deep convolutional neural network.

Leukemia is a cancer of white blood cells characterized by immature lymphocytes. Due to blood cancer, many people die every year. Hence, the early detection of these blast cells is necessary for avoiding blood cancer. A novel deep convolutional neural network (CNN) 3SNet that has depth-wise convolution blocks to reduce the computation costs has been developed to aid the diagnosis of leukemia cells. The proposed method includes three inputs to the deep CNN model. These inputs are grayscale and their corresponding histogram of gradient (HOG) and local binary pattern (LBP) images. The HOG image finds the local shape, and the LBP image describes the leukaemia cell's texture pattern. The suggested model was trained and tested with images from the AML-Cytomorphology_LMU dataset. The mean average precision (MAP) for the cell with less than 100 images in the dataset was 84%, whereas for cells with more than 100 images in the dataset was 93.83%. In addition, the ROC curve area for these cells is more than 98%. This confirmed proposed model could be an adjunct tool to provide a second opinion to a doctor.

Boosting wheat yield, profitability and NUE with prilled and nano urea in conservation tillage.

Rice-wheat production in the Indo-gangetic plains (IGPs) of India faces major concerns such as depleting resources, rice residue burning, excessive fertilizer use, and decreasing nitrogen use efficiency. These issues threaten sustainable crop production in the future. Therefore, a field study was conducted during the winter seasons of 2020-21 and 2021-22 to evaluate the effect of combined conventional and nano fertilizers on nitrogen application just before or after irrigation to improve wheat productivity, profitability and NUE under conservation tillage. The study evaluated eight treatment combinations of nitrogen application through conventionally applied urea (46% N) and foliar applied nano urea (4% N) under zero tillage with rice residue retention. Results revealed that growth, physiological indices, yield, and quality parameters were enhanced with the application of 150 kg N/ha in three equal splits as basal and just before 1st and 2nd irrigation alone (T2) or along with a spray of nano urea (T5) compared to other treatments. T5 recorded 7.2%, 8.5%, and 7.8% more plant dry matter, number of tillers, and grain yield, respectively, over the conventional practice of applying 150 kg N/ha in three equal splits as basal and 7-10 days after 1st and 2nd irrigation (T3, farmers practice). Although, T2 showed similar results to T5, T5 recorded significantly higher gross ($2542/ha) and net returns ($1279/ha) than the other treatments. However, the benefit-cost ratio of T2 and T5 was same (2.01). A significant and positive correlation coefficient between grain yield and physiological parameters such as CCI and NDVI confirmed that increasing the nitrogen dose enhanced the chlorophyll content, greenness, and plant vigor. Based on the results, it can be concluded that applying 150 kg N/ha in three equal splits as basal and just before 1st and 2nd irrigation under conservation agriculture, along with a single spray of nano urea (4% N) at 60-65 days after sowing, can improve growth, yield attributes, wheat yield, and NUE compared to farmers practice (T3) in India.

Spatial attention-based residual network for human burn identification and classification.

Diagnosing burns in humans has become critical, as early identification can save lives. The manual process of burn diagnosis is time-consuming and complex, even for experienced doctors. Machine learning (ML) and deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models have emerged as the standard for medical image diagnosis. The ML-based approach typically requires handcrafted features for training, which may result in suboptimal performance. Conversely, DL-based methods automatically extract features, but designing a robust model is challenging. Additionally, shallow DL methods lack long-range feature dependency, decreasing efficiency in various applications. We implemented several deep CNN models, ResNeXt, VGG16, and AlexNet, for human burn diagnosis. The results obtained from these models were found to be less reliable since shallow deep CNN models need improved attention modules to preserve the feature dependencies. Therefore, in the proposed study, the feature map is divided into several categories, and the channel dependencies between any two channel mappings within a given class are highlighted. A spatial attention map is built by considering the links between features and their locations. Our attention-based model BuRnGANeXt50 kernel and convolutional layers are also optimized for human burn diagnosis. The earlier study classified the burn based on depth of graft and non-graft. We first classified the burn based on the degree. Subsequently, it is classified into graft and non-graft. Furthermore, the proposed model performance is evaluated on Burns_BIP_US_database. The sensitivity of the BuRnGANeXt50 is 97.22% and 99.14%, respectively, for classifying burns based on degree and depth. This model may be used for quick screening of burn patients and can be executed in the cloud or on a local machine. The code of the proposed method can be accessed at https://github.com/dhirujis02/Journal.git for the sake of reproducibility.

Waste management model for COVID-19: recommendations for future threats.

The change in habits and lifestyle of citizens during health crisis like COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented increase in the struggles for solid waste management across the globe. Not only underdeveloped and developing economies are struggling with the challenges posed by mounting piles of infectious waste but even developed countries are adversely affected in similar manner. The routine waste management strategies followed by various countries are overturned due extremely altered trends in the amount and type of waste generated by households and medical facilities. The aim of this paper is to study and list the best available waste management policies adopted by some developing, developed and underdeveloped economies. The listed case studies were selected due to some unique steps undertaken for solid waste disposal during pandemic. The findings revealed that the guidelines issued by WHO for waste management of corona virus infected waste were followed by these nations and certain additional preventive steps were taken. Due to unavailability of single framework as prescribed by international authorities, various sustainable steps taken by individual countries to curb the pandemic menace can be useful in the present context. Few of these measures can be permanently adopted at global level by other nations for handling the pandemic like situations efficiently in pandemic situations.

An efficient one pot synthesis of (2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-6-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-1H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione derivatives as a potent biological agents.

In this paper, we reported the synthesis of a novel series of (2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-6-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-1H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione derivatives 5(a-j) by the reaction of 4-hydroxy coumarin, substituted aldehydes, barbituric acid, and pyrolidine in ethanol at ambient temperature. The titled pyranopyrimidines 5(a-j) were characterized by spectral analysis including IR, NMR (1H & 13C), and HRMS. The newly synthesized compounds were examined for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. The results demonstrated that compound 5b displayed excellent efficacy and the remaining compounds exhibited moderate activity. Also, the potency of the new compounds toward antimicrobial and antifungal activity was investigated by a disk diffusion method. The results show that compounds 5b and 5g were more potent than the other compounds. Furthermore, the molecular docking studies were carried out using a COX-2 receptor.

Synthesis, antitubercular activity and molecular docking study of substituted [1,3]dioxino[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives via facile CAN catalyzed Biginelli reaction.

We have developed a simple and convenient method for the synthesis of substituted-aryllidine-2,2-dimethyl-7-thioxo/oxo-4H-[1,3]dioxino[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives (4a-g) via one-pot Biginelli reaction of Meldrum's acid (1), indole-3-carbaldehyde/thiophene-2-carbaldehyde/2-chloro-quinoline-3-carbaldehyde (2) and amines (3) in aqueous ethanol in the presence of a catalytic amount of CAN. The obtained pyrimidine hybrids were screened for their antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculi H37RV strain. The antimycobacterial results showed that compounds 4a and 4b exhibited excellent activity with MIC value of 1.6 µg/mL, four-fold greater than the standard streptomycin (6.24 µg/mL), while compounds (4c-g) showed lower efficacy. To study the interaction between the synthesized compounds and receptor, the compounds 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d were studied for molecular docking on the enzyme enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (enoyl-ACP reductase) and the compounds 4a and 4b have emerged as active antitubercular agents with least binding energy -9.4 kcal/mol and -9.3 kcal/mol respectively.

Evaluation of tire derived rubber (TDR) fixed biofilm reactor (FBR) for remediation of Methylene blue dye from wastewater.

The present investigation is focused on development of aerobic biofilm on tire-derived rubber (TDR) media and then evaluation of such system for bioremediation of Methylene blue (MB) dye for 9 weeks. After 9 weeks of operation, the COD, BOD, ammonia and color values have been declined by 89.2%, 98.3%, 99.61% and 99.81%, respectively, While SEM-EDX results showed a variance in weight percent of various elements in TDR without biofilm i.e. raw TDR media, as well as in the 1st and 9th-week samples. Moreover, fine and strong peaks were observed in both the MB simulated wastewater and 9th week TDR samples at 1190, 1300, 1400, 1450, 1500 and 1618 cm-1 respectively by Raman Spectroscopic analysis. Further, FTIR analysis was performed for the MB simulated wastewater, and absorbance peaks ranging from 1591 to 1363 cm-1 and 3410 cm-1 were observed in all the samples with different intensities. To assess the biodeterioration of the TDR media, ATR was performed for the raw, 1st, 2nd and 9th week TDR media samples and in the raw TDR, two important bands, 842 and 2962 cm-1 were noticed representing -CH = CH and -CH3. A clear variation of bands and peak intensities were observed in different support media samples. The results indicate that TDR media is a resilient, chemically resistant material and could be employed for the biofilm growth for biological treatment of textile dye wastewater.

A Study on removal of Methylene Blue dye by photo catalysis integrated with nanofiltration using statistical and experimental approaches.

In this work, the removal of Methylene Blue dye from the synthetic textile effluent has been investigated using a hybrid system (photocatalysis and nanofiltration). The Commercial ZnO powder was used as a catalyst in the photocatalytic operation. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the various operating parameters such as pH, catalyst loading and time duration and this optimization has enhanced the decolorization efficiencies. The results were compared and contrasted with the individual as well as the combined systems at optimized conditions. The results indicate that the photocatalysis process alone has resulted in 33% of dye decolorization and 26.5% of total organic carbon (TOC) removal, while the individual ceramic nanoflitration system has yielded 43% of decolorization and 35.03% TOC removal. About 94% of the dye was decolorized, and 70% of TOC was removed in 94.23 minutes of operation by the hybrid system at optimized initial operating conditions.

Assessment of Sexual Dimorphism in Mandibular Ramus: An Orthopanoramic Study.

Background Mandible is the largest and strongest bone of the face, is very durable, and hence remains well preserved than many other bones. In cases of mass disasters where an intact skull is not found, the mandible may play a vital role in sex determination as it is the most dimorphic bone of the skull. Morphometric analysis of mandibular ramus provides highly accurate data to discriminate sex. This can be accomplished by the use of panoramic radiography which is widely available and is used routinely to assess the mandibular structures. Objective To evaluate and compare the various parameters of the mandibular ramus and to determine the usefulness of the mandibular ramus as an aid in sex determination. Method Orthopantomograms of 140 samples (70 males and 70 females) were collected from the archives and traced manually on matte acetate tracing paper. Various parameters of mandibular ramus were measured on the right and left sides. The obtained measurements were subjected to discriminant function analysis. Result Mandibular measurements on the right side were greater than on the left side. However, only the ramus breath (minimum and maximum) and projective height of ramus were statistically significant (p < 0.05). All the measurements were higher for males than females. F-statistic values indicated that the highest sexual dimorphism was seen with the projective height of ramus and least with minimum ramus breath. Conclusion Mandibular ramus measurements can be a useful tool for gender determination and can be an essential tool in forensic science especially when there is damaged or partially preserved mandibles and may be helpful for medico-legal purpose in Nepal.

Spin reorientation in antiferromagnetic Dy2FeCoO6 double perovskite.

We explored the electronic and magnetic properties of the lanthanide double perovskite Dy2FeCoO6 by combining magnetization, Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopy and neutron diffraction along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our magnetization measurements revealed two magnetic phase transitions in Dy2FeCoO6. First, a paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition at T N = 248 K and subsequently, a spin reorientation transition at T SR = 86 K. In addition, a field-induced magnetic phase transition with a critical field of H c ≈ 20 kOe is seen at 2 K. Neutron diffraction data suggested cation-disordered orthorhombic structure for Dy2FeCoO6 in Pnma space group which is supported by Raman scattering results. The magnetic structures ascertained through representational analysis indicate that at T N, a paramagnetic state is transformed to Γ5(Cx, Fy, Az) antiferromagnetic structure while, at T SR, Fe/Co moments undergo a spin reorientation to Γ3(Gx, Ay, Fz). The refined magnetic moment of (Fe/Co) is 1.47(4) µ B at 7 K. The antiferromagnetic structure found experimentally is supported through the DFT calculations which predict an insulating electronic state in Dy2FeCoO6.

Synthesis, characterization and biological investigations of potentially bioactive heterocyclic compounds containing 4-hydroxy coumarin.

In this paper, we have reported the synthesis of a series of heterocyclic azo dyes containing 4-hydroxy coumarin by diazo-coupling reaction. The structural aspect of the newly synthesized compounds was accomplished by various physico-chemical techniques like UV-Visible, FT-IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. The computational calculations and geometrical optimization of the newly synthesized azo dyes were investigated by using Gaussian software with the help of Density functional theory (DFT)/B3LYP method using 6-31G(d,p) basis set at gaseous phase. Also, the quantum chemical parameters were evaluated to understand the structural activity concept of the dyes. The pharmacological efficacy of the azo dyes was investigated by antimicrobial, antitubercular, DNA cleavage and in silico molecular docking studies. All the newly synthesized compounds were able to exhibit significant inhibitory activity against tested microbes. Further, the in silico molecular docking showed effective binding properties of the compounds against RpsA target receptor.

Electronic, magnetic, optical and thermoelectric properties of Ca2Cr1-x Ni x OsO6 double perovskites.

With the help of density functional theory calculations, we explored the recently synthesized double perovskite material Ca2CrOsO6 and found it to be a ferrimagnetic insulator with a band gap of ∼0.6 eV. Its effective magnetic moment is found to be ∼0.23 µ B per unit cell. The proposed behavior arises from the cooperative effect of spin-orbit coupling and Coulomb correlation of Cr-3d and Os-5d electrons along with the crystal field. Within the ferrimagnetic configuration, doping with 50% Ni in the Cr-sites resulted in a half-metallic state with a total moment of nearly zero, a characteristic of spintronic materials. Meanwhile, the optical study reveals that both ε 1 xx and ε 1 zz decrease first and then increase rapidly with increasing photon energy up to 1.055 eV. We also found optical anisotropy up to ∼14 eV, where the material becomes almost optically isotropic. This material has a plateau like region in the σ xx and σ zz parts of the optical conductivity due to a strong 3d-5d interband transition between Cr and Os. In addition, we performed thermoelectric calculations whose results predict that the material might not be good as a thermoelectric device due to its small power factor.

Correlation of functional echocardiography and clinical parameters in term neonates with shock.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the correlation between functional echocardiography and clinical parameters in term neonates with shock. METHOD: Cross sectional study of 30 full term newborns who were clinically detected to have shock compared to 30 full term hemodynamically stable neonates. For statistical analysis, cases were further sub classified into cardiogenic and septic shock. RESULT: Functional echocardiography revealed inferior vena cava collapsibility index (cIVC), fractional shortening (FS), ejection fraction (EF), cardiac output and superior vena cava (SVC) flow were significantly lower whereas myocardial performance index (MPI) was significantly higher in babies with cardiogenic and septic shock as compared to the controls. Left ventricular end diastolic area (LVEDA) was significantly higher in cardiogenic shock whereas it was significantly lower in septic shock as compared to the controls. Also, cIVC was significantly lower and LVEDA was significantly higher in cardiogenic as compared to the septic shock. In cardiogenic shock SVC flow correlated significantly with capillary filling time and systolic blood pressure. The correlation between functional echocardiographic parameters of cardiogenic and septic shock showed that EF, FS and MPI were positively and significantly correlated (r 0.742, p 0.022 for EF, r 0.766, p 0.016 for FS and r 0.478, p 0.05 for MPI) whereas SVC flow and cIVC were negatively and significantly correlated between cardiogenic and septic shock (r - 0.655, p 0.045 for SVC flow and - 0.578, p 0.05 for cIVC). CONCLUSION: In the complex environment of neonatal intensive care unit detection of shock continues to be a major challenge. Functional echocardiography provides an adjunct information to the clinical assessment of shock and helps in monitoring the response to treatment.

Feature Extraction Based Machine Learning for Human Burn Diagnosis From Burn Images.

Burn is one of the serious public health problems. Usually, burn diagnoses are based on expert medical and clinical experience and it is necessary to have a medical or clinical expert to conduct an examination in restorative clinics or at emergency rooms in hospitals. But sometimes a patient may have a burn where there is no specialized facility available, and in such a case a computerized automatic burn assessment tool may aid diagnosis. Burn area, depth, and location are the critical factors in determining the severity of burns. In this paper, a classification model to diagnose burns is presented using automated machine learning. The objective of the research is to develop the feature extraction model to classify the burn. The proposed method based on support vector machine (SVM) is evaluated on a standard data set of burns-BIP_US database. Training is performed by classifying images into two classes, i.e., those that need grafts and those that are non-graft. The 74 images of test data set are tested with the proposed SVM based method and according to the ground truth, the accuracy of 82.43% was achieved for the SVM based model, which was higher than the 79.73% achieved in past work using the multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) approach.