Surface contamination by SARS-CoV2 RNA in dedicated COVID care area of a tertiary care hospital in North India.

Environmental surfaces are potential source of SARS-CoV2 transmission. The study assessed the efficacy of hospital disinfection policy and contamination of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) RNA in COVID management Hospital. Inanimate surfaces from both patient areas (n = 70) and non-patient areas (n = 39) were sampled through surface swabbing and subjected to Reverse transcriptase PCR. Out of the 70 samples collected from the COVID hospital, SARS-CoV2 RNA positivity of 17.5% (7/40) and 6.7% (2/30) was seen in high risk and moderate risk area respectively. Samples from Non COVID related patient area such as CD ward and administrative block were assessed and the SARS CoV-2 RNA positivity was 0% and 10% respectively. Among the total 8 environmental surface samples positive for SARS-CoV2 RNA detected from the area surrounding the SARS-CoV2 infected patients, maximum positivity of 31.8% (7/22) was found among the environmental samples collected around the patients with < 20 Ct value in nasopharyngeal swab samples followed by 3.3% positivity (1/30) around patients with Ct value ranging from 20 to 25 whereas no SARS-CoV2 RNA (0/5) was detected around the patient with > 25 Ct value. Nearly 50% (2/4) of the surface samples came positive from the resident PPE and mobile of the treating doctors which largely elaborates the need for stringent doffing measurement and hand hygiene policy post doffing. The study emphasizes the necessity of frequent and aggressive disinfection policy to prevent nosocomial infection in such high risk areas within close vicinity of the patients.

A retrospective study of the pattern of sexually transmitted infections from a tertiary care hospital of Rajasthan.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge about the current patterns of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is essential as they pose a major health problem worldwide and even more so in the developing countries like ours. Owing to the lack of advanced laboratory facilities at most of the centers, the cases are evaluated and managed as per the syndromic approach proposed by the National AIDS Control Organization. AIMS: We aim to study the patterns of STIs seen over the past 4 years based on the syndromic approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the data of STI clinic over 4 years (April 2012-March 2016) was carried out. Showing all cases attending STI clinic are subjected to clinical examinations and investigated. Tests for HIV and venereal disease research laboratory were performed in all patients. STIs were categorized as per the syndromic approach. The proportions were calculated and data collected were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 4847 cases (1845 males and 3002 females) were studied. The most common STI overall was cervicovaginal discharge followed by genital herpes, warts, molluscum contagiosum, genital ulcerative disease-nonherpetic, lower abdominal pain, and urethral discharge in decreasing order of frequency. Genital herpes was the most common STI in males. Collectively, the proportion of viral STI was more as compared to nonviral STI. The number of newly diagnosed HIV cases was 19 (0.4%). CONCLUSION: The contemporary trend of STIs is relative rise in the proportion of viral STIs including genital herpes, warts, and molluscum contagiosum. Since STIs and HIV perpetuate each other, prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment of all cases of STIs is necessary to prevent HIV transmission.

Risperidone induced stuttering.

Stuttering as a side effect of antipsychotics is rare. There are a few case reports of antipsychotic-induced stuttering, namely, chlorpromazine, levomepromazine, trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, olanzapine and clozapine. Risperidone is commonly used as an atypical antipsychotic. It is licensed for both acute and chronic psychosis and mania. There is only one documented case report mentioned on risperidone induced stuttering. One case report of risperidone-induced stuttering is now described. Stuttering is a rare side effect and requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. Further study and research to identify the neurophysiological and psychological processes behind adult onset stuttering and identification of the processes involved in risperidone induced stuttering would help our understanding further.

Cycloid psychosis: perris criteria revisited.

Cases presenting with recurrent confusion, alteration of psychomotor activity, and brief psychosis with good inter-episode recovery have many differing etiologies. Only rarely does one diagnose such cases as cycloid psychosis. Even among budding psychiatrists, there seems to be a lack of awareness of this unique disorder. This may be because the present international diagnostic classification systems, ICD10 and DSM IV, do not recognize it as a separate entity. A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose cycloid psychosis. Awareness and recognizing such cases would be helpful clinically as cycloid psychosis entails a distinct prognosis and may require a specific treatment.