ABSTRACT
The current research article involves one pot synthesis of novel substituted 1-nitro-10H-phenothiazines via Smiles rearrangement. These substituted phenothiazines undergo oxidation to yield 10H-phenothiazine-5,5-dioxides (sulfones) while on treatment with ß-D-ribofuranose-1-acetate-2,3,5-tribenzoate yield ribofuranosides. These compounds were screened for their antimicrobial vitalities (in vitro) against selected strains of bacteria and fungi. The characterization of synthesized compounds was done by elemental and spectral studies.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/chemical synthesis , Nitro Compounds/chemical synthesis , Nucleosides/chemistry , Phenothiazines/chemical synthesis , Sulfones/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins/chemistry , Benzoates/chemistry , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods , Fungi/drug effects , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Molecular Docking Simulation , Molecular Structure , Nitro Compounds/pharmacology , Oxidation-Reduction , Phenothiazines/pharmacology , Structure-Activity Relationship , Sulfones/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Single molecule analysis can help us study genomics efficiently. It involves studying single DNA molecules for genomic studies. DNA combing is one of such techniques which allowed us to study single DNA molecules for multiple uses. DNA combing technology can be used to perform Fiber-FISH and optical mapping. Physical mapping of genomes can be studied by restriction digestion of combed DNA on glass slides. Restriction fragments can be arranged into optical maps by gathering fluorescent intensity data by CCD camera and image analysis by softwares. Physical mapping and DNA segment rearrangements can be studied by Fiber-FISH which involves application of probes on genomic DNA combed over glass slides. We developed a novel methodology involving combing solution optimization, denatured combed DNA and performed restriction digestion of combed DNA. Thus we provided an efficient and robust combing platform for its application in Fiber-FISH and optical mapping.
Subject(s)
DNA, Single-Stranded/chemistry , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods , Single Molecule Imaging/methods , DNA, Single-Stranded/ultrastructure , Humans , Nucleic Acid DenaturationABSTRACT
Recent advances in genomics have created a need for efficient techniques for deciphering information hidden in various genomes. Single molecule analysis is one such technique to understand molecular processes at single molecule level. Fiber- FISH performed with the help of DNA combing can help us in understanding genetic rearrangements and changes in genome at single DNA molecule level. For performing Fiber-FISH we need high retention of combed DNA molecules post wash as Fiber-FISH requires profuse washing. We optimized combing process involving combing solution, method of DNA mounting on glass slides and coating of glass slides to enhance post-wash retention of DNA molecules. It was found that average number of DNA molecules observed post-wash per field of view was maximum with our optimized combing solution. APTES coated glass slides showed lesser retention than PEI surface but fluorescent intensity was higher in case of APTES coated surface. Capillary method used to mount DNA on glass slides also showed lesser retention but straight DNA molecules were observed as compared to force flow method.
