ABSTRACT
Controlled buckling is a facile means of structuring surfaces. The resulting ordered wrinkling topologies provide surface properties and features desired for multifunctional applications. Here, we study the biaxially dynamic tuning of two-dimensional wrinkled micropatterns under cyclic mechanical stretching/releasing/restretching simultaneously or sequentially. A biaxially prestretched PDMS substrate is coated with a stiff polymer deposited by initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). Applying a mechanical release/restretch cycle in two directions loaded simultaneously or sequentially to the wrinkled system results in a variety of dynamic and tunable wrinkled geometries, the evolution of which is investigated using in situ optical profilometry, numerical simulations, and theoretical modeling. Results show that restretching ordered herringbone micropatterns, created through sequential release of biaxial prestrain, leads to reversible and repeatable surface topography. The initial flat surface and the same wrinkled herringbone pattern are obtained alternatively after cyclic release/restretch processes, owing to the highly ordered structure leaving no avenue for trapping irregular topological regions during cycling as further evidenced by the uniformity of strains distributions and negligible residual strain. Conversely, restretching disordered labyrinth micropatterns created through simultaneous release shows an irreversible surface topology whether after sequential or simultaneous restretching due to creation of irregular surface topologies with regions of highly concentrated strain upon formation of the labyrinth which then lead to residual strains and trapped topologies upon cycling; furthermore, these trapped topologies depend upon the subsequent strain histories as well as the cycle. The disordered labyrinth pattern varies after each cyclic release/restretch process, presenting residual shallow patterns instead of achieving a flat state. The ability to dynamically tune the highly ordered herringbone patterning through mechanical stretching or other actuation makes these wrinkles excellent candidates for tunable multifunctional surfaces properties such as reflectivity, friction, anisotropic liquid flow or boundary layer control.
ABSTRACT
Well-adhered, conformal, thin (<100 nm) coatings can easily be obtained by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for a variety of technological applications. Room temperature modification with functional polymers can be achieved on virtually any substrate: organic, inorganic, rigid, flexible, planar, three-dimensional, dense, or porous. In CVD polymerization, the monomer(s) are delivered to the surface through the vapor phase and then undergo simultaneous polymerization and thin film formation. By eliminating the need to dissolve macromolecules, CVD enables insoluble polymers to be coated and prevents solvent damage to the substrate. CVD film growth proceeds from the substrate up, allowing for interfacial engineering, real-time monitoring, and thickness control. Initiated-CVD shows successful results in terms of rationally designed micro- and nanoengineered materials to control molecular interactions at material surfaces. The success of oxidative-CVD is mainly demonstrated for the deposition of organic conducting and semiconducting polymers.
Subject(s)
Chemistry/methods , Polymers/chemistry , Fluorine/chemistry , Gases/chemistry , Humans , Polymerization , Surface Properties , VolatilizationABSTRACT
Ubiquitous, low power consumption and high bandwidth density communication will require passive athermal optical filters for WDM transceivers in Si-CMOS architecture. Two silicon-polymer composite structures, deposited using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), poly(perfluorodecyl acrylate) (pPFDA) and poly(perfluorodecyl acrylate-co-divinyl benzene) p(PFDA-co-DVB), are analyzed as candidates for thermal compensation. The addition of DVB to a fluorinated acrylate backbone reduces the C-F bond density, increases the density in the copolymer and thereby increases refractive index. The addition of DVB also increases the volume expansion coefficient of the copolymer, resulting in an increased thermo-optic (TO) coefficient for the copolymer system. The increased index and TO coefficient of the co-polymer gives improved bend loss, footprint and FSR performance for athermal silicon photonic circuits.
ABSTRACT
Ordered herringbone patterns with deterministic long and short wavelengths are created using a sequential wrinkling strategy (SWS). Patterns with a prescribed zig-zag turning angle less than 90° are obtained upon sequential wrinkling of non-equi-biaxial prestrain for the first time. SWS provides a new method for measuring thin-film mechanical properties simply through the wrinkling metrology without measurement of film thickness.
Subject(s)
Electronics , Dimethylpolysiloxanes/chemistry , Elasticity , Gold/chemistry , Interferometry , Light , Methacrylates/chemistry , Microfluidic Analytical Techniques , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
A new LC-ESI-MS method was developed for the determination of residues of the antibacterial tylosins A, B, C and D in honey. The procedure employed an SPE on polymeric cartridges for the isolation of tylosins from diluted honey. Chromatographic separation of the tylosins was performed on a C18 column (150 x 4.60 mm2 ID, 5 microm) using a ternary gradient made of formic acid 1% in water (solvent A), methanol (solvent B) and ACN (solvent C) as mobile phase, at 30 degrees C and at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Average analyte recoveries for the studied compounds ranged from 89 to 106% in replica sets of fortified honey samples. The detection limits for the four drugs studied were between 2 and 3 microg/kg. The developed method has been applied to the analysis of tylosin residues in honey from veterinarian treated beehives fed with the technical product, which contains the four compounds and is a new candidate antibiotic to treat American foulbrood disease of honey bee colonies.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis , Honey/analysis , Tylosin/analysis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Chromatography, Liquid , Molecular Structure , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Temperature , Tylosin/chemistryABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Biopsy/methods , Vasculitis/pathology , Kidney Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
La presencia de divertículos y endometriosis en el apéndice es un hallazgo poco frecuente. Presentamos un caso de una mujer en la cual ambas patologías coexisten. Tanto la endome-triosis como la diverticulosis apendicular suelen presentarse clínicamente simulando un cuadro de apendicitis aguda y el diagnóstico definitivo es anatomopatológico (AU)
No disponible
