Reviewing and Content Analysis of Persian Language Mobile Health Apps for COVID-19 Management.

The present study aimed to systematically search in app stores and intended to carry out content analysis of free Persian mobile health apps in the management of COVID-19 and, ultimately determine the relationship between the popularity and quality of these apps. According to a researcher-made checklist including five axes of ease of use, privacy, data sharing, education, and monitoring, four app markets such as Myket, Bazzar, Google Play and App Store were searched from May 2021 up to now. The findings showed that all selected apps performed well in terms of ease of use and privacy but they needed to be improved in terms of education, monitoring, and data sharing. Also, there was no significant relationship between the popularity and quality of these apps. Owing to the high penetration rate of smartphones in Iran and the low popularity of COVID-19 apps, government, developers, and investors are required to improve the quality of apps and their marketing.

The impact of the HLA DQB1 gene and amino acids on the development of narcolepsy.

INTRODUCTION: Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological and a genetic disorder of autoimmune origin, which is characterized by five main symptoms, including excessive day time sleepiness, sudden loss of muscle tone or cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, and disturbed nocturnal sleep. While there are several diagnostic tests for Narcolepsy such as MSLT (mean sleep latency test), polysomnography and low range of hypocretin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), sensitivity and specificity in these methodologies are not sufficient enough. Therefore, methods with higher sensitivity for the accurate diagnosis and confirmation of the disease are necessary. METHODS: According to the infrequent prevalence of narcolepsy disease, we scheduled a case-control association study with 20 narcoleptic patients and 150 healthy individuals in a high-resolution HLA typing procedure employing SSP-PCR. RESULTS: Our study demonstrates that the DQB1*06:02 allele provides the highest susceptibility with absolute risk of 0.13%, for Narcolepsy (P = 1x10-14, RR = 60.5, PcPPV = 0.13%), while, HLA-DQB1* 03:05 allele presents protection to Narcolepsy (P = 1x10-4, PcPPV = 3.19x10-4%). Furthermore, for the first time, the AA analysis displayed that AA serine182 and threonine185 located on epitope of DQß1 chain receptor (DQB1Ser182,Thr185) present significant susceptibility for Narcolepsy (Pc= 87.03 × 10-13, PcPPV = 0.024%) while, asparagine182 located on epitope of DQß1 protein receptor (DQB1Asn182) confers the highest protection against development of Narcolepsy (Pc= 2.16 × 10-5, PcPPV = 0.0012%). CONCLUSION: Thus, this can be proposed that the polymorphic differences in the epitope of the HLA receptor could contribute to their differential association with the Narcolepsy in Iranian population.