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1.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 17930, 2018 12 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30560946

ABSTRACT

Under-five mortality (U5M) is an important indicator of the overall health and development of society. There is a wide gap in U5M among different countries and also within the countries. This study was carried out to assess the prevalence, as well as the socio-demographic, and health-related causes of U5M in the region of study. A cross-sectional study was conducted among all registered cases of U5M in rural areas of Khuzestan province, Iran, during the years 2011 to 2015. To assess the socio-demographic determinants of U5M, the sample surveyed consists of 320 families with at least one under-five death using a multistage random sampling method. Also, this study evaluated the number of variables, which may increase the chance of families to have more than one U5M. U5M was 26 per 1000 live births in 2011, but decreased to 22 per 1000 live births in 2015. With the highest cumulative incidence of 43 in Masjed Soleyman and the lowest of 15 in Dehdez, infant mortality constitutes 76% of all U5M. Prematurity and congenital anomalies were responsible for 46% of all causes of mortality (that is, U5). Maternal age at delivery <18 years or >35 years (OR = 3.5; 95% CI, 1.29-6.22), marriage duration >9 years (1.85, 1.06-3.21), spouse age gap >5 years (2.32, 1.20-4.50), cesarean section (3.85, 1.19-5.74), delivery interval <3 years (2.83, 1.22-5.58), non-Arab ethnicity (2.58, 1.50-4.44), and mother working in agriculture or animal husbandry (3.93, 1.41-6.94) were the most important determinants associated with more than one child death per family. Spatially, there was a great disparity in U5M with different reduction rate during the 5 years of the study. Marriage age, cesarean delivery, delivery interval, and mother field activity were associated with U5M. This may have implications for the preventive health program.


Subject(s)
Child Mortality/trends , Infant Mortality/trends , Rural Population , Child Mortality/ethnology , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant Mortality/ethnology , Iran/epidemiology , Male , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Spatio-Temporal Analysis
2.
Addict Health ; 5(3-4): 126-33, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24494169

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Substance abuse is a social, and health problem in Middle Eastern countries such as Iran. One of its most devastating effects is domestic violence against children. This study examined the association between the history of parental substance abuse, and rate of child abuse in Ahvaz, Iran. METHODS: This was a case-control study. The study population included all parents with high school children in Ahwaz within the academic year 2012-2013. The sample size was 384 people in two groups; with a history of substance abuse (case group) and no history of substance abuse (control group). Multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used through the Cochran formula. The data collection tools included a Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) (Bernstein, 1995), a demographic questionnaire, Duncan Socioeconomic Index (DSI), and a researcher-made questionnaire for the history of substance abuse. For data analysis, statistical indicators such as percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and correlation and regression analysis were used. FINDINGS: Data analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation among parents with a history of substance abuse and domestic violence toward children. Mean and standard deviation of the violence level in families with normal parents were 61.34 ± 16.88, and in families with a history of substance abuse were 98.99 ± 32.07. Therefore, the test results showed that there was a significant difference between normal families and families with history of substance abuse and violence toward children (P < 0.001, t = 8.60). CONCLUSION: Based on the findings, the history of domestic violence and parental substance abuse (physical and emotional abuse, emotional and physical neglect) had a significant positive correlation with their behavior toward their children. After matching the two groups we found that the most common types of violence against children by their parents were, respectively, emotional violence (r = 58%), physical neglect (r = 54%), emotional neglect (r = 46%), and then physical violence (r = 39%).

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