Medicolegal consequences of thoracic gossypiboma: A case report.

The term gossypiboma is used to describe a retained surgical sponge after operation. It is a rare but it is associated with severe medical and legal consequences. The diagnosis can be missed despite radiological investigations. We report a case of a 15-year-old female who presented with fever, cough, dyspnea and hemoptysis. She had a history of hydatid cyst operation 2 years ago. Post-discharge follow up occurred for two years on hospital where hydatid cyst surgery had been done. Radiological investigations were inconclusive in detecting the retained sponge despite radiopaque marker. So gossypiboma should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis in postoperative cases presenting as persistent respiratory symptoms after the operation.

Fatal pulmonary thromboembolism.

OBJECTIVE: Venous thromboembolism is a complex, multifactorial disease, involving interactions between acquired or inherited predispositions to thrombosis and various risk factors, such as trauma and surgery. This study investigated the clinical features and most important risk factors of fatal pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forensic records stored at the Council of Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice in Istanbul, Turkey, from January 2010 to December 2014 were screened for deaths of confirmed PTE based on autopsy or computed tomography (CT). Massive pulmonary embolism was the main cause of death in all patients. RESULTS: The 51 cases with PTE comprised 22 (43.2%) males and 29 (56.8%) females. A diagnosis of PTE was established by autopsy in 76.6% (39/51) of the cases. Overall, 23 (45%) suffered multiple trauma and 14 (27.5%) underwent surgery. The mean time from surgery to death was 10.2 ±6.8 days. Of the trauma cases, 78% (18/23) comprised orthopaedic trauma. Death occurred in 74% of the cases after the second week following trauma. Of the trauma and surgery cases, 95.6 and 71.4% were outpatients at the time of death, respectively. The origin of the PTE was known in 34.8% and 57% of the trauma and surgery cases, respectively. The mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 11.3 ± 7.6. An abbreviated injury score (AIS) extremity ≥3 was seen in 23% (4/18) of the extremity trauma cases. The time to death of the patients who underwent surgery was shorter than in the patients who experienced trauma (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A high ISS is not a determinant of fatal PTE. Immobilization is important in the occurrence of PTE, especially in trauma patients. Frequent follow-up after discharge should inquire about complaints related to PTE and the use of protective precautions.

Thermal Analysis of Gold Nanorods Heated with Femtosecond Laser Pulses.

We present an axisymmetric computational model to study the heating processes of gold nanoparticles, specifically nanorods, in aqueous medium by femtosecond laser pulses. We use a two-temperature model for the particle, a heat diffusion equation for the surrounding water to describe the heat transfer processes occurring in the system, and a thermal interface conductance to describe the coupling efficiency at the particle/water interface. We investigate the characteristic time scales of various fundamental processes, including lattice heating and thermal equilibration at the particle/surroundings interface, the effects of multiple laser pulses, and the influence of nanorod orientation relative to the beam polarization on energy absorption. Our results indicate that the thermal equilibration at the particle/water interface takes approximately 500 ps, while the electron-lattice coupling is achieved at approximately 50 ps when a 48×14 nm gold nanorod is heated to a maximum temperature of 1270 K with the application of a laser pulse having 4.70 J/m(2) average fluence. Irradiation by multiple pulses arriving at 12.5 ns time intervals (80 MHz repetition rate) causes a temperature increase of no more than 3 degrees during the first few pulses with no substantial changes during the subsequent pulses. We also analyze the degree of the nanorods' heating as a function of their orientation with respect to the polarization of the incident light. Lastly, it is shown that the temperature change of a nanorod can be modeled using its volume equivalent sphere for femtosecond laser heating within 5-15% accuracy.

Controlled release of antifungal drug terbinafine hydrochloride from poly(N-vinyl 2-pyrrolidone/itaconic acid) hydrogels.

Adsorption and controlled release of terbinafine hydrochloride (TER-HCl) to and from pH-sensitive poly(N-vinyl 2-pyrrolidone/itaconic acid) P(VP/IA) hydrogels were investigated. P(VP/IA) hydrogels were prepared by irradiating the ternary monomer mixtures of N-vinyl 2-pyrrolidone/itaconic acid/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in aqueous solution by gamma-rays at ambient temperature. Hydrogels containing antifungal drug TER-HCl, at different drug-to-polymer ratios, were prepared by direct adsorption method. The influence of IA content in the gel on the adsorption capacities of hydrogels and the effect of pH on the releasing behavior of TER-HCl from the gel matrix were investigated. Terbinafine adsorption capacity of hydrogels was found to increase from 6 to 82 mg of TER-HCl per gram of dry gel with increasing drug concentration and amount of IA in the gel system. In-vitro drug-release studies in different buffer solutions showed that the basic parameters affecting the drug-release behavior of hydrogels are the pH of the solution and the IA content of the hydrogel.

[Analysis of early, late-phase and delayed skin reactions against 10 groups of antigens in 420 patients with allergic asthma]. / Allerjik astmali 420 hastanin 10 adet antijen grubuna karsi erken-geç faz ve geç deri reaksiyonlarinin analizi.

Immediate, late phase and delayed skin reactions against ten group of allergens were investigated in 420 patients with allergic asthma. The wheal and flare reaction were characteristic for type I IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction in human skin. This reaction develops rapidly after injection of antigen, peaks in 10-30 minutes, and then subsides within a few hours. However, careful observation for longer periods has shown that in many instances a late inflammatory response also appears at the same site and is quite different in appearance from the initial reaction. This late phase reaction sometimes lasts for 24 hours and it is characterized by a dense cellular infiltrate and is more oedematous than the early reaction. These late phase reactions can also be seen following challenge of the nasal mucosa and bronchi of allergic subjects and may be of major importance in the development of chronic asthma. In this study, we have investigated immediate, late phase also delayed phase skin reactivity incidence of the allergic asthma patients.

[Analysis of early, delayed phase and late cutaneous reactions to ten groups of antigens in 581 patients with allergic rhinitis]. / Allerjik rinit'li 581 hastanin on grup antijene karsi erken-geç faz ve geç deri reaksiyonlarinin analizi.

Immediate, late phase and delayed skin reactions against ten group of allergens were investigated in 581 patients with allergic rhinitis. The wheal and flare reaction were characteristic for type 1 IgE mediated hypersensitivity reaction in human skin. This reaction develops rapidly after injection of antigen, peaks in 10-30 minutes, and then subsides within a few hours. However, careful observation for longer periods has shown that in many instances a late inflammatory response also appears at the same site and is quite different in appearance from the initial reaction. In this study, we have investigated immediate, late phase also delayed phase skin reactivity incidence of the allergic rhinitis patients.

[Immediate and delayed skin reactions against ten groups of antigens in 355 patients with urticaria and angioneurotic edema]. / Urtiker ve anjinörotik ödemli 355 hastanin on grup antijene karsi erken ve geç deri reaksiyonlarinin analizi.

Immediate and delayed skin reactions against ten group of allergens were investigated in 355 patients with urticaria and angioneurotic edema. The wheal and flare reaction were characteristic of the type I-IgE mediated hypersensitivity reaction in human skin. This reaction develops rapidly after injection of antigen, peaking 10-30 minutes, and then subsides within a few hours. However, careful observation for longer periods, has shown that in many instances a late inflammatory response also appears at the same site and is quite different in appearance from the initial reaction. In this study, we have investigated in immediate and also delayed-phase skin reactivity, incidence of the patients.

[Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of Escherichia coli strains (EPEC, ETEC, EIV and UPEC) (1)]. / Escherichia coli (EPEC-ETEC-EIV ve UPEC) Suslarinin immünoelektroforetik analiz örnekleri (1).

Water extracts of Escherichia coli "O" and "K" antigen test strains (EPEC, ETEC, EIEC, UPEC) were examined in immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis tests. The precipitation arcs corresponding to the O-antigen specificity and to the thermostable polysaccharide K antigen were easy to identify. All strains gave an O antigen precipitation arc found either on the anodic or the cathodic side of application basin and close to this. The so-called enteropathogenic types (from infantile diarrhoea) had a cathodic O antigen arc type; from dysentery-like disease had a negatively charged O-antigen, but no special thermostable K-antigen. Thus E. coli strains which may invade the tissues when conditions allow have a negatively charged surface antigen, either O-antigen lipopolysaccharide or both. Acidic components were found in the anodic O-antigen.

[A bacteriological study on patients with giardiasis and its clinical importance (author's transl)]. / Giardiazis'li hastalarda bakteriyolojik inceleme ve bunun klinik önemi.

Patients referred to the Parasitology Laboratory of Ankara Univ. Med. School were examined with respect to giardiasis. The incidence rate of giardiasis was found to be rather high. When compared with the previous findings, no changes in the rate have been noted so far. Furthermore, when stool specimens from patients with giardiasis were examined bacteriologically, it was found that this protozoon could cause malabsorption and some changes in the intestinal flora.

[The effects of cockroach antigen in allergic patients (author's transl)]. / Allerjik hastalarda hamamböcegi antijeninin etkisi, evtozu antijeniyle iliskisinin deri testleriyle degerlendirimi.

In this study the skin test with cockroach antigen was employed to 125 allergic patients and 100 normal individuals. 36% of the allergic patients and 13% of the other group gave positive skin reaction. In 45 patients with positive skin tests to cockroach antigen sensitivity to house-dust antigen was also determined. The results of tests with these two antigens were compared.