ABSTRACT
We report new lecithin reverse wormlike micelles with high viscoelasticity formed using lecithin/polyglycerol fatty acid monoester (PGLFA)/oil systems. In this study, the influence of the amphiphilicity (i.e., hydrophile-lipophile balance, HLB) of PGLFA on the phase behavior and rheological properties of reverse wormlike micelles was investigated in detail. PGLFAs with degrees of polymerization of polyglycerol varying between 6-40 and constituent fatty acids with chains between 6-18 carbon atoms long were used. Partial phase diagrams of the lecithin/PGLFA/n-decane systems indicated that the appropriate PGLFA could change the lecithin/oil solution into a highly viscoelastic solution comprising reverse wormlike micelles. Rheological measurements showed that all systems that formed reverse wormlike micelles exhibited an unusual phenomenon called "shear-thickening". Furthermore, reverse wormlike micelles grew as the PGLFA concentration increased and the zero-shear viscosity (η0) of the solution rapidly increased. Our results indicate that the magnitude of the maximum η0 depends on the degree of polymerization of the constituent polyglycerol in the PGLFA, while the size of the reverse micellar region and the highly viscous region in the phase diagram depends on the HLB value of the PGLFA.
Subject(s)
Esters/chemistry , Fatty Acids/chemistry , Glycerol/chemistry , Lecithins/chemistry , Oils/chemistry , Polymers/chemistry , Chemical Phenomena , Elasticity , Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions , Micelles , Polymerization , Rheology , Scattering, Small Angle , Solutions , Viscosity , X-RaysABSTRACT
New liquid substances that induce the formation of lecithin organogels composed of reverse worm-like micelles were studied. The phase behavior and rheological properties of lecithin/polyglycerol (PGL)/oil systems were investigated in detail; the polymerization degrees of the glycerol residues were 3, 4, 6, 10, 20, and 40. From the partial phase diagrams of the lecithin/PGL/n-decane systems, it was apparent that highly viscoelastic reverse worm-like micelles formed upon the addition of small amounts of the PGL, except in the case of the PGL with a polymerization degree of 40. Steady-flow viscosity measurements showed that the zero-shear viscosity (η0) of the reverse worm-like micelles rapidly increased with the concentration and polymerization degree of the PGLs, reaching a maximum value that was 750,000 times the viscosity of n-decane and thus resulting in the growth of these micelles. It is noteworthy that the η0 values of lecithin organogels formed using PGLs were higher than the η0 value of the lecithin organogel formed using glycerol (GL). From dynamic viscoelasticity measurements, it was shown that the viscoelastic behavior of the reverse worm-like micelles was consistent with the single Maxwell model, which is the basic model of a viscoelastic body. It follows from this study that PGLs are useful liquids because they can induce the formation of lecithin organogels with high viscoelasticity, as do other liquids such as water, glycerol, ethylene glycol, and formamide.
