[Ankylosing hyperostosis Forestier, simulating a neoplasm of the larynx]. / Ankiloziruyushchii giperostoz Forest'e, simulirovavshii novoobrazovanie gortanoglotki.

RELEVANCE: Forestier syndrome, despite its appearance as an independent disease in the 60s of the last century, remains as difficult to diagnose. This is due to a number of factors: age group, late treatment, insufficient knowledge of pathology. The timely detection of pathology is complicated by the similarity of the clinical picture in the early stages of its manifestation with a number of orthopedic diseases. OBJECTIVE: To present a description of the clinical observation of Forestier syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material for this work was a clinical case of a person who applied to the Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center with a directional oncological diagnosis of the larynx and a preemptively installed tracheostomy. RESULTS: The patient underwent surgical treatment in the form of removal of overgrown bone osteophytes of the thoracic spine with simultaneous disappearance of symptoms of the disease. CONCLUSION: This clinical observation clearly demonstrates the need for a comprehensive analysis of the clinical situation as a whole with a careful assessment of all factors that can influence it and the process of forming a diagnosis. Knowledge of conditions that can mimic a tumor lesion is extremely important for oncologists of all specialties. This allows you to avoid an erroneous diagnosis and choosing the wrong, possibly crippling treatment tactics. It should also be remembered that the oncological diagnosis is based, first of all, on morphological confirmation of the tumor process with a detailed assessment of the data of all additional imaging research methods.

PECULIARITIES OF 24-HOUR BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS DEPENDING ON THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE THYROID GLAND.

The aim of the work was to study the influence of the functional state of the thyroid gland on the peculiarities of the clinical course of arterial hypertension (AH) and indicators of Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). The study included 130 patients with AH, of whom: Group 1-50 patients with AH in combination with hypothyroidism (mean age - 56,34±10,23 years, mean duration of AH - 8,76±6,81 years, duration of hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism - 9,38±5,70 years); Group 2-50 patients with AH in combination with thyrotoxicosis (mean age 52,62±12,70 years, mean duration of AH -6,54±4,02 years, duration of thyrotoxicosis - 3,90±2,56 years). The control group consisted of 30 patients with AH, who were statistically comparable in age - 56,23±7,64 years, duration of AH -8,87±4,45 years, in whom thyroid dysfuctation was excluded during the examination. Patients underwent ABPM after achievement of the target systolic blood pressure (SAR) level ˂ 140 mm Hg against the background of the prescribed antihypertensive therapy. Patients with AH, both in the presence of hypothyroidism and in the presence of thyrotoxicosis have worse control of blood pressure than patients with AH without thyroid dysfunction, and reliably more often have masked uncontrolled hypertension (p1-2=0.232; p1-k=0.003; p2-k=0.036). In patients with AH and hypothyroidism when reaching the office ADS ˂ 140 mm Hg against the background of the prescribed antihypertensive therapy, the level of thyroid hormone > 5.96 мМЕ∕ l is an independent factor, which is associated with the lack of adequate control of ADS at night (according to the results of ROC - analysis). In patients with AH and thyrotoxicosis when reaching the office ADS ˂140 mm Hg against the background of prescribed antihypertensive therapy, the level of thyrotrophic hormone ≤0.1 мМЕ∕l is an independent factor, which is associated with the lack of adequate control of ADS at night (according to the results of ROC - analysis).

[REACTION OF PAROTID GLAND MAST CELLS TO CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTOXICATION].

The goal of this study was to examine the localization and the structural and functional features of mast cells (MC) in the parotid gland in chronic alcohol intoxication. The study was conducted on 15 adult outbred albino male rats receiving 20% ethanol solution as the sole source of drinking for 2 months. The control group included 10 intact animals. Structural changes in parotid salivary glands were studied in paraffin sections, stained with hematoxylin­eosin. MC were demonstrated in cryostat sections stained by Unna's method; their topography, degranulationwere evaluated and their number per field of vision was counted. Serotonin content was assessed quantitatively by using fluorescent microscopy and cytospectrophotometry. In chronic alcohol intoxication, marked variability was demonstrated in the shape of the secretory portions and the size of their glandular cells, which often showed unstained vacuoles. Interlobular ducts are unevenly dilated, their cells had variable height. The number of MC in the connective tissue layer around the interlobular excretory ducts and blood vessels was increased, most of them were in a state of degranulation. However, the content of serotonin in these areas was not changed significantly compared with that in the control group, presumably due to the fact that serotonin released from MC during degranulation, was actively interacting with numerous fibers and terminals of the autonomic nervous system located here, and was quickly trapped by them. Within the lobules, the amount of MC was increased to a lesser extent than in the area of interlobular ducts, but 80% of them were in a state of pronounced degranulation, often with complete disintegration of the cytoplasm. These cells apparently served as the sources of serotonin, the number of which significantly increased in the area of secretory portions. It is suggested that the increased concentrations of serotonin in the area of the secretory portions indicates that under the influence of alcohol intoxication the additional paracrine regulatory mechanisms were activated in the gland, which contributed to its functional activity, aimed at accelerating the excretion of ethanol and its toxic products of metabolism.

[Pain fluctuations in Parkinson's disease].

OBJECTIVE: To specify the character of pain syndromes and determine their relationship with main symptoms of ON and OFF periods in patients with complications of long-term treatment with levodopa medications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Authors examined 40 patients with Parkinson's disease (27 women and 13 men), mean age 69.2±8 years (from 62 to 85 years), illness duration 9.2±1.2 years (from 7 to 11 years), duration of treatment with levodopa 6.9±1.2 years (from 5 to 9 years). The severity of disease course, character and intensity of pain syndrome were assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We described pain syndromes that had differences in the pathogenesis and localization. Adjustment of the antiparkinsonian treatment resulted in the decrease in their severity. Motor fluctuations and drug-induced dyskinesia that was accompanied by pain sensations were the most frequent signs of Parkinson's disease during its progression. The pain syndrome was related to main symptoms of the ON and OFF period in patients with complications of long-term treatment with levodopa. The pain fluctuations had both nociceptive and central neuropathic pain phenotypes.

[Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 oncogene variants in cell lines of different origin].

It is well known that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a widespread infection in the human population. Typically, infection occurs in early childhood without serious consequences for infected people. At the same time, a secondary infection with an additional EBV strain occurs quite often. During the in vitro cultivation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from persons infected with multiple strains of the virus, only one of these strains with higher transforming potential becomes dominant, while the others are eliminated. Under certain conditions, such a highly transforming EBV strain apparently is able to be the etiologic agent of EBVassociated diseases. To find out the range of highly transforming EBV strains prevalent among Russians, cell lines from patients with EBV-associated and non-associated tumors, as well as healthy individuals, were established. The structural analysis of the latent membrane protein 1 gene (LMP1), a key oncogene of the virus, isolated from established cell lines and peripheral blood lymphocytes of blood donors was carried out, and data obtained were compared with the respective data for LMP1 isolates, amplified from cell lines established from African and Japanese patients with Burkitt's lymphoma. The data obtained show a genetic relationship between Russian LMP1 isolates regardless the fact whether they come from patients with tumors or healthy individuals and differ significantly from LMP1 isolates from Burkitt's lymphoma patients. Thus, the results of the study suggest that in nonendemic region for EBV-associated pathology, Russia, any strain of EBV with any structure of LMP1 with concomitant effect of additional factors may become an etiologic agent for EBV-associated neoplasia.

[SEROLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PANTOEA AGGLOMERANS LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES].

The serological and phytotoxic properties of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of plant pathogens--Pantoea agglomerans were studied. It is known that the thin variations in the structure of the O-specific polysaccharides determining serological specificity of gram- negative bacteria and used as a molecular basis of serological classification schemes. For P. agglomerans still does not exist a classification scheme based on serology specificity of their LPS. The results of cross serological tests demonstrate immunochemical heterogeneity of species P agglomerans. Only three strains of the 8488, 8490 and 7969 according to the agglutination of O-antigens and direct hemagglutination and inhibition direct hemagglutination can be attributed to a single serogroup. Other strains--each separate group, although some have a relationship. Compared with control plants under the influence of seed treatment of LPS in plants may be reduced, and in some cases increased root length, height and weight sprout, depending on the strain from which the selected LPS. Dive seedlings of tomatoes in the solutions of the studied preparations FSC caused the loss, and after some time, restore turgor.

Dynamics of neurotransmitters in the structures of the rat jejunum during chronic alcohol intoxication.

We studied the effects of ethanol on bioamine-containing structures in the jejunum at different stages of alcohol intoxication. The content of catecholamines, serotonin, and histamine in enterocytes of the villus epithelium, submucosa mast cells, crypt enterocytes, and muscular layer was measured by luminescent microscopy and cytospectrofluorometry. Uneven increase of biogenic amine content was found in rats in the initial period of chronic alcohol intoxication (60 days). Further alcohol intake (up to 180 days) impaired the balance of biogenic amines; catecholamines started to prevail.

Immunophenotypical characteristics of permanent cultures of lymphoid cells from Papio hamadryas and Macaca arctoides.

Immunophenotypical characteristics of primate cells were studied by enzyme immunoassay and flow cytofluorometry using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to human B- and T-lymphocyte antigens. Specific features of immunophenotype of cultured cells were detected. Simian lymphoid cultures consist of a mixture of B- and T-cells with mosaic antigenic structure expressing markers of B and T cell specificity.

Water status and LPO in rat tissues during massive blood loss and irradiation with He-Ne laser.

We revealed a relationship between water balance and LPO in the myocardium, liver, and blood plasma during massive blood loss and irradiation with He-Ne laser. Low-intensity laser irradiation of the plasma inhibits LPO and normalizes water balance in rat tissues during massive blood loss.

Some biochemical characteristics and water exchange in human articular cartilage in osteoarthrosis.

Rearrangement of intra- and intermolecular bonds in collagen molecule, disaggregation of proteoglycans and their elimination from cartilage involved in osteoarthrosis are responsible for water accumulation and its increased mobility in cartilage.

Biochemical characteristics and water exchange in the surface layer of human joint cartilage.

We compared the contents of collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and various forms of water in the surface layer and whole tissue of joint cartilages of different localization. It was found that the surface layer is characterized by reduced content of glycosaminoglycans compared to the whole tissue and higher water-holding capacity due high content of bound water.

Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide and structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens IMV 948.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was isolated from the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens IMV 948 by mild extraction of the microbial cells with saline, and the properties, composition, and structure of the LPS were studied. The LPS showed low toxicity in D- galactosamine-sensitized mice and low biological activity in plants. Structural components of LPS--lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O-specific polysaccharide (OPS)--were obtained by mild acid degradation and characterized. The lipid A contained fatty acids 3-HO-C10:0, C12:0, 2-HO-C12:0, 3-HO-C12:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, and C18:1, as well as components of the hydrophilic moiety: GlcN, ethanolamine, phosphate, and phosphoethanolamine. The LPS core contained components typical of pseudomonads: glucose, rhamnose (Rha), L-glycero-D-manno-heptose, GlcN, GalN, 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octonic acid, alanine, and phosphate. The OPS consisted of L-Rha and D-GlcNAc in the ratio 4 : 1 and was structurally heterogeneous. The main pentasaccharide repeating unit of the OPS has the following structure: [structure see text]. Immunochemical studies showed that P. syringae pv. atrofaciens IMV 948 is serologically separate from other P. syringae strains, including those that have structurally similar OPS.

Transgenic potato plants expressing soybean beta-1,3-endoglucanase gene exhibit an increased resistance to Phytophthora infestans.

Soybean beta-1,3-endoglucanase represents a model system for studies on early plant responses to infection by fungal pathogens, and it has been implicated in the release of elicitors from fungal cell walls. In the present study, potato plants were transformed with the soybean beta-1,3-endoglucanase cDNA via Agrobacterium delivery system. The transfer of the gene into potato genome was confirmed by (i) PCR amplification, (ii) Northern blot analyses, and (iii) an increase in the activity of beta-1,3-endoglucanase in transgenic plants. The transformation resulted in an increased resistance of selected transgenic plants to infection by Phytophthora infestans, an important pathogen.

Characterization of O-antigens from different strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci.

O-Antigens (lipopolysaccharides, LPS) were isolated by NaCl extraction from microbial biomass of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and purified by ultracentrifugation. Individual structural components of the LPS macromolecule (O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS), core oligosaccharide, and lipid A) were obtained and characterized. Fatty acids 3-OH-C10:0, C12:0, 2-OH-C12:0, 3-OH-C12:0, C16:1, C16:0, C18:1, and C18:0 were identified in the lipid A composition. Glucosamine, ethanolamine, and phosphoethanolamine were found in the hydrophilic part of the lipid A macromolecule in all strains tested. Lipid A preparations contained phosphorus and amino acids. Rhamnose, glucose, glucosamine, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid, heptose, alanine, and phosphorus were identified as the main core components. The strains differed in O-PS structure. We describe the O-chain of LPS in strain P-28. It contains repeating units of the following structure: [formula: see text] The O-PS structures of LPS from strains P-28 and 225 are identical, however, they differ substantially from that of strain 223. Both structures from strains 223 and 225 were reported previously. Antibodies to antigenic epitopes of O-PS, core, and lipid A were revealed in O-serum against the whole bacterial cells. Correlation of O-PS structure with the serological grouping of strains was observed.

Morphological characteristics of malignant T-cell lymphomas in baboons.

Fifteen cases of generalized peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in baboons were phenotyped immunologically and morphologically. Using the updated Kiel classification the cases included low-grade and high-grade lymphomas and low-grade lymphomas that had transformed into high-grade lymphomas. In the low-grade group there were seven cases of lymphocytic type, partly corresponding to chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of T type and to T-zone lymphoma in man. In addition there were four cases of prolymphocytic-lymphocytic type, which show large nodules ("proliferation centres") and which have no equivalent in the Kiel classification. In four cases there was a progression to an immunoblastic lymphoma and in one case to a large cell anaplastic lymphoma. In addition, three cases of large cell anaplastic lymphoma without a low-grade component were found. Both the immunoblastic lymphomas and the large cell anaplastic lymphomas corresponded well with the same types in the Kiel classification. The cases of large cell anaplastic lymphoma were also CD30 positive. Most of these lymphomas were CD4 positive, but there were rare cases that were either CD8 positive, showed both CD4 and CD8 positivity or had lost both antigens. Antigens associated with cell activation were often revealed. All but one baboon had antibodies in the blood against the retrovirus STLV-1 (simian T-cell leukaemia virus 1), which is very similar to human T-cell leukaemia virus 1 (HTLV-1) in man. Despite this virological resemblance, the morphology of these T-cell lymphomas does not resemble that of the HTLV-1-positive Japanese T-cell lymphomas but is like that of the HTLV-1-negative European cases.

Baboon T cell lymphomas expressing the B cell-associated surface proteins CD40 and Bgp95.

Papio hamadryas baboons in the Sukhumi colony develop enzootic outbreaks of malignant lymphomas with an incidence of about 1.5% per year among adults of the high-risk stock. We investigated the surface phenotypes of cells from normal and lymphomatous animals using antibodies against human lymphocyte antigens. We found that more than 80% of the lymphomas that developed during the last 3 years were characterized histologically to be of the peripheral T cell type. Generally, the lymphomatous cells also expressed high levels of MHC class II DR protein, CD18 (LFA-1 beta chain), and CD45RO. Surprisingly, these cells also expressed on their surface two proteins previously characterized as being relatively B cell-restricted: CD40 and Bgp95. These proteins were never found on the peripheral blood T cells from normal animals. The expression of these two gene products was confirmed by RNA blotting and immunoprecipitation. In most cases, the two B cell-associated proteins were expressed on the predominant T cell subsets; we found both B cell proteins on CD4+, CD8+ as well as on the CD4/8 double-positive cells when these subsets were expressed at high levels. About 90% of these animals are seropositive for Herpesvirus papio and human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) before developing outright lymphomas. In all of the lymphoma samples, HTLV-1 tax DNA sequences were detected by PCR amplification. Whether or not HTLV-1 or the Herpesvirus papio gene products influence the surface expression of CD40 and Bgp95 remains to be determined.

Detection and characterization of T-cell leukemia virus-like proviral sequences in PBL and tissues of baboons by PCR.

The "high lymphoma-prone" baboon stock (Papio hamadryas) of the Sukhumi Primate Center colony is characterized by a high prevalence of antibodies to the STLV-I/HTLV-I type of retrovirus and a high manifestation of human ATL-type (adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma) malignancies (Yakovleva et al., this symposium). This is in contrast to other primate colonies and wild monkeys, which have low seroprevalence and very few if any ATL-type T-cell malignancies. To characterize the type of T-cell lymphoma retrovirus involved in the Sukhumi disease, a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) DNA analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and of various tissues of healthy "at-risk", or ill baboons was performed. Proviral STLV/HTLV sequences were detected in all monkeys with symptoms of T-cell malignancy and/or antibodies to STLV-I/HTLV-I. For precise identification and characterization of the Sukhumi T-cell lymphoma virus, parts of the virus genome were mapped and sequenced from PCR derived fragments. A 420 nucleotide fragment of the env (gp 46) gene (analysed from 3 different DNA's) revealed 16.2% nucleotide divergence to the Japanese strain of HTLV-I and 14.8% to the Japanese strain of STLV-I including one deletion of a triplet. On the level of amino acid (a.a) sequence this revealed an exchange of 6 a.a. to STLV-I (4.3%), but only of 4 a.a. to HTLV-I (2.8%). The analysis of 120 nucleotides of the tax sequence (identical in 6 different DNAs) resulted in 5% nucleotide divergence to the HTLV-I (2.4% on the a.a. level) and 10% (7.3% a.a.) to the STLV-1. These results indicate that the Sukhumi T-cell lymphoma virus is a representative of the T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus family, apparently more closely related to HTLV-I than to STLV-I genome. Furthermore, the infected monkeys from Sukhumi develop at a high rate a T-cell malignancy not observed among other baboons carrying STLV.