Pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin in obese and nonobese subjects.

AIMS: To compare the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin (AMX) in obese and nonobese subjects, given as single dose 875-mg tablets. METHODS: A prospective, single-centre, open-label, clinical study was carried out involving 10 nonobese and 20 obese subjects given a dose of an AMX 875-mg tablet. Serial blood samples were collected between 0 and 8 hours after administration of AMX and plasma levels were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic parameters (PK) were calculated by noncompartmental analysis and means of the 2 groups were compared using Student t-test. Analysis of correlation between covariates and PK was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Ten nonobese subjects (mean age 30.6 ± 7.12 y; body mass index 21.56 ± 1.95 kg/m2 ) and 20 obese subjects (mean age 34.47 ± 7.03 y; body mass index 33.17 ± 2.38 kg/m2 ) participated in the study. Both maximum concentration (Cmax ; 12.12 ± 4.06 vs. 9.66 ± 2.93 mg/L) and area under the curve (AUC)0-inf (34.18 ± 12.94 mg.h/L vs. 26.88 ± 9.24 mg.h/L) were slightly higher in nonobese than in obese subjects, respectively, but differences were not significant. The volume of distribution (V/F) parameter was statistically significantly higher in obese compared to nonobese patients (44.20 ± 17.85 L vs. 27.57 ± 12.96 L). Statistically significant correlations were observed for several weight metrics vs. AUC, Cmax , V/F and clearance, and for creatinine clearance vs. AUC, Cmax and clearance. CONCLUSION: In obese subjects, the main altered PK was V/F as a consequence of greater body weight. This may result in antibiotic treatment failure if standard therapeutic regimens are administered.

Effectiveness of Therapy on Post-Extubation Dysphagia: Clinical and Electromyographic Findings.

INTRODUCTION: Patients who require prolonged endotracheal intubation (>48 hours) are at risk of dysphagia. Speech-language pathologists should perform swallowing exercises after extubation due to the high probability of developing aspiration pneumonia. There are no studies describing the use of swallowing techniques employed in post-extubation therapy aided by surface electromyography. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of swallowing function therapy in extubated patients after prolonged orotracheal intubation by means of clinical and electromyographic evaluation. METHODS: A total of 15 patients were enrolled in this study (average age 48.6 ± 16.5 years). The study was carried out in three phases: (1) Clinical and electromyographic evaluation using the Dysphagia Risk Assessment Protocol following dysphagia scores criteria, and the measurement of the suprahyoid muscles amplitude (µV) expressed by root mean square (RMS), respectively; (2) swallowing rehabilitation program; and (3) reevaluation of patients after therapy. The Wilcoxon paired test assuming a significance level of 5% was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: By means of the swallowing scale, it was verified that patients suffered from severe oropharyngeal dysphagia at the first evaluation (80%), but the rehabilitation therapy reduced clinical signs, persistent only in one patient (6.7%) post-therapy, thus, improving swallowing. Significant differences, pre- and post-therapy, for suprahyoid muscles during maximal voluntary isometric contractions of right (P = .0067) and left (P = .0215), saliva swallowing by right (P = .0413) and left (P = .0151), and liquid swallowing by right (P = .0479) and left (P = .0215) sides, were found, as shown by electromyography. CONCLUSIONS: Swallowing exercises carried out by extubated patients after prolonged orotracheal intubation increased neuromuscular recruitment of suprahyoid muscles involved with swallowing and reduced dysphagia levels.

Reduced bioavailability of oral amoxicillin tablets compared to suspensions in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass bariatric subjects.

AIMS: To evaluate the relative bioavailability of oral amoxicillin (AMX) tablets in comparison to AMX suspension in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass bariatric subjects. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, cross-over study was performed on the bioavailability of oral AMX tablets and suspension in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass subjects operated at least 3 months previously . Doses of 875 mg of the AMX tablet or 800 mg of the AMX suspension were given to all the subjects, allowing a washout of 7 days between the periods. Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after drug administration and the AMX levels were quantified by liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental analysis, normalized to an 875 mg dose and the bioavailability of the AMX from the tablets was compared to that from the suspension formulation. RESULTS: Twenty subjects aged 42.65 ± 7.21 years and with a body mass index of 29.88 ± 4.36 kg/m2 were enrolled in the study. The maximum AMX plasma concentration of the tablets and the suspension (normalized to 875 mg) were 7.42 ± 2.99 mg/L and 8.73 ± 3.26 mg/L (90% confidence interval of 70.71-99.11), and the total area under the curve from time zero to infinity were 23.10 ± 7.41 mg.h/L and 27.59 ± 8.32 mg.h/L (90% confidence interval of 71.25-97.32), respectively. CONCLUSION: The tablets presented a lower bioavailability than the suspension formulation and the total absorbed amount of AMX in these subjects was lower in comparison to the standard AMX absorption rates in nonbariatric subjects, regardless of the formulation.

Dermoscopic patterns of melanocytic nevi in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Childhood is a dynamic period regarding nevogenesis. Dermoscopy is a noninvasive technique, recommended for the evaluation of pigmented cutaneous lesions. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to describe the structures and dermoscopic patterns of melanocytic nevi observed in children and adolescents. METHODS: Dermoscopy with photographic documentation was used for nevi located on the face, trunk, and extremities of 38 patients aged from one to 16 years examined at the Pediatric Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of the Federal University of São Paulo. RESULTS: The study included 201 skin lesions that were diagnosed as nevi during clinic examination. Upon evaluation of the global dermoscopic pattern of the lesions, the most frequently observed nevi were reticular (39.0%), followed by homogeneous (23.9%) and globular nevi (16.4%). During evaluation of the dermoscopic structures, according to the body site, the pigment network was the most observed in the extremities. STUDY LIMITATIONS: A limitation to be considered is that the inclusion of small or new lesions may hinder the differentiation between dots and globules. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the most observed pattern was reticular. There was a difference in the predominance of structures dependent on the anatomical location.

Dermoscopic patterns of melanocytic nevi in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background: Childhood is a dynamic period regarding nevogenesis. Dermoscopy is a noninvasive technique, recommended for the evaluation of pigmented cutaneous lesions. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the structures and dermoscopic patterns of melanocytic nevi observed in children and adolescents. Methods: Dermoscopy with photographic documentation was used for nevi located on the face, trunk, and extremities of 38 patients aged from one to 16 years examined at the Pediatric Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of the Federal University of São Paulo. Results: The study included 201 skin lesions that were diagnosed as nevi during clinic examination. Upon evaluation of the global dermoscopic pattern of the lesions, the most frequently observed nevi were reticular (39.0%), followed by homogeneous (23.9%) and globular nevi (16.4%). During evaluation of the dermoscopic structures, according to the body site, the pigment network was the most observed in the extremities. Study limitations: A limitation to be considered is that the inclusion of small or new lesions may hinder the differentiation between dots and globules. Conclusions: In our study, the most observed pattern was reticular. There was a difference in the predominance of structures dependent on the anatomical location.

HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DRB1 Allele and Haplotype Frequencies in Renal Transplant Candidates in a Population in Southern Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Very few studies have examined the diversity of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in the Brazilian renal transplant candidates. METHODS: The frequencies of the HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DRB1 alleles, haplotypes and phenotypes were studied in 522 patients with chronic renal failure, renal transplant candidates, registered at the Transplant Centers in north/northwestern Paraná State, southern Brazil. Patients were classified according to the ethnic group (319 whites [Caucasians], 134 mestizos [mixed race descendants of Europeans, Africans, and Amerindians; browns or "pardos"] and 69 blacks). The HLA typing was performed by the polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific oligonucleotide method (PCR-SSO), combined with Luminex technology. RESULTS: In the analysis of the total samples, 20 HLA-A, 32 HLA-B, and 13 HLA-DRB1 allele groups were identified. The most frequent allele groups for each HLA locus were HLA-A*02 (25.4%), HLA-B*44 (10.9%), and HLA-DRB1*13 (13.9%). The most frequent haplotypes were HLA-A*01-B*08-DRB1*03 (2.3%), A*02-B*44-DRB1*07 (1.2%), and A*03-B*07-DRB1*11 (1.0%). Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the HLA-A*68, B*08, and B*58 allele frequencies among ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first data on the HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DRB1 allele, phenotype and haplotype frequencies of renal transplant candidates in a population in southern Brazil.

Dermoscopy of black skin: A cross-sectional study of clinical and dermoscopic features of melanocytic lesions in individuals with type V/VI skin compared to those with type I/II skin.

BACKGROUND: The identification of "normal" dermoscopic patterns of acquired melanocytic nevi provides better diagnostic accuracy for melanoma in people with black skin. OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe melanocytic lesions (numbers and anatomic distributions) in skin types V and VI compared with skin types I and II, according to the Fitzpatrick classification. We sought to identify differences in dermoscopic findings in acquired melanocytic nevi (global pattern, pigment and color distribution) between the groups. METHODS: We conducted cross-sectional, prospective, and consecutive data collection in 2 dermatologic outpatient clinics, between October 8, 2010, and March 20, 2013. From the 501 volunteers, 480 participants fulfilled the eligibility criteria. A total of 460 acquired melanocytic nevi were selected for dermoscopic analysis. RESULTS: Individuals with skin type V/VI had fewer melanocytic lesions than those with skin type I/II (15.08 vs 7.90; P = .032), and the anatomic distribution in the first group was predominantly on the face and acral sites (P < .001). The acquired melanocytic nevi in the skin type V/VI group were associated with the reticular pattern (P < .0001), with a tendency toward central hyperpigmentation (P = .0025). LIMITATIONS: The choice of a single representative nevus per patient is a limitation. CONCLUSIONS: Acquired melanocytic nevi in individuals with skin type V/VI have a distinct dermoscopic pattern from those with skin type I/II.

Oral lesions and colonization by yeasts in hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic kidney disease, stage 5, undergoing hemodialysis treatment are frequently colonized by yeasts, with high chance of developing fungal infections. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of yeasts in the oral cavity of these individuals, associating findings with the presence of oral lesions and the use of dental prostheses. METHODS: Clinical examinations of the oral mucosa were performed in 52 patients, when the use of removable dental prostheses and the presence of oral lesions were observed and recorded. Saliva samples were collected to identify yeast specimens and colony-forming units. RESULTS: Colonization by yeasts was found in 42.31% of the patients, 100% of which belonging to the genus Candida, with the predominance of C. albicans (69.23%). Half of the patients (26) presented some type of oral lesion, the majority (63.33%) suggestive of candidiasis, which was confirmed in 57.89% of cases. The chance that these patients carried yeast colonies in the presence of dental prostheses and oral lesions was 6.33 and 2.62 times higher, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Patients investigated in this study presented a high incidence of yeasts in the oral cavity, with those with oral lesions and dental prostheses being more likely to carry yeasts. When oral lesions are detected in patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment, particularly in those who are prosthesis users, early diagnosis and treatment of this type of lesion, in association with systemic investigations, should be performed to mitigate possible unfavorable prognoses.

Nevus-associated melanomas: clinicopathologic features.

OBJECTIVES: The clinical significance of nevus-associated melanoma compared with de novo melanomas remains controversial. It has been suggested that nevus-associated melanomas have a higher Breslow thickness and therefore worse prognosis. Over a 10-year period, this study evaluated the incidence of nevus-associated melanoma and its prognostic significance related to clinicopathologic features. METHODS: Cross-sectional study from 1995 through 2004 in a dermatopathology referral center. With available data, we evaluated sex, primary location, histologic subtype, Breslow thickness, Clark level, presence of ulceration, associated lesion, and histologic subtype of the associated lesion. RESULTS: Of 135,653 pathologic records from skin biopsy specimens over a 10-year period, 1,190 melanoma records were selected. Nevus-associated melanomas corresponded to 390 (32.8%) melanomas, with thin melanomas having a nevus 1.52 times the association observed with thick melanomas (>1.01 mm; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.99; P < .001). Superficial spreading melanoma was the most frequent, while no lentigo maligna melanoma was associated with nevi. The median Breslow thickness of nevus-associated melanomas was lower than that of de novo melanomas. CONCLUSIONS: Nevus-associated melanomas, which represent one-third of the melanomas in southeast Brazil, are associated with intermittent sun exposure, superficial spreading melanomas, and lower Breslow thickness. This is one of the largest series describing nevus-associated melanomas in Latin America.

Inner gray halo, a novel dermoscopic feature for the diagnosis of pigmented actinic keratosis: clues for the differential diagnosis with lentigo maligna.

BACKGROUND: Pigmented actinic keratosis (PAK) is a frequent simulator of lentigo maligna (LM) on the face upon clinical and dermoscopic examination, leading to misdiagnosis and unnecessary excisions. LM and PAK share dermoscopic features, making it difficult to have a confident diagnosis of PAK only with current dermoscopic knowledge. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate sensitivity, specificity, and interobserver reproducibility of a novel dermoscopic feature, inner gray halo (IGH), and establish its histopathological and confocal correlations. METHODS: Dermoscopists blinded to histopathological diagnosis evaluated 58 PAK and 21 LM for the presence of IGH and dermoscopy parameters. Areas exhibiting IGH were marked and imaged with reflectance confocal microscopy before sampling for histopathologic correlation. Reflectance confocal microscopy and transverse histologic sectioning were performed in 14 of 79 cases. RESULTS: IGH was present in 53 of 58 (94.1%) PAK and in 5 of 21 (23.8%) LM in our series (sensitivity 91.4%; specificity 71.4%; positive predictive value 89.8%). Interobserver agreement was excellent (Kappa 0.846). Through transverse and perpendicular histologic sections, a dermoscopic-histologic-confocal correlation of IGH was established. LIMITATIONS: A larger test set is needed to further validate the use of IGH in the differential diagnosis of PAK and facial pigmented lesions. CONCLUSION: IGH is a novel dermoscopic parameter useful for the differentiation of PAK from LM on the face.

Case report: Dermoscopic and histological aspects of skin graft and perigraft hyperpigmentation in acral location.

Little is known about the use of dermoscopy in skin grafting. We describe the case of a patient with skin grafting and surrounding pigmentation on acral region. The dermoscopic findings were similar to those of benign acral lesions (lattice-like pattern) and reactive pigmentations (fine striae). Histopathology revealed pigment leakage and increased number of melanocytes. It is believed that this phenomenon occurred as the result of an inflammatory stimulus.

Case report: dermoscopic and histological aspects of skin graft and perigraft hyperpigmentation in acral location

Little is known about the use of dermoscopy in skin grafting. We describe the case of a patient with skin grafting and surrounding pigmentation on acral region. The dermoscopic findings were similar to those of benign acral lesions (lattice-like pattern) and reactive pigmentations (fine striae). Histopathology revealed pigment leakage and increased number of melanocytes. It is believed that this phenomenon occured as the result of an inflammatory stimulus.

Lack of effect of cell-wall targeted antibacterials on biofilm formation and antifungal susceptibility of Candida species

The use of central venous catheters (CVC) and broad-spectrum antibacterials are among the main risk factors for the development of candidemia in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU). It is known that some antibacterials increase the resistance of these yeasts to azole antifungals. Thus, the aim of this research was to determine whether yeast present in CVC colonizations previously exposed to cell-wall targeted antibacterials benefit from a reduction in susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole, facilitating their ability to form biofilms. Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. guilhermondii were seeded into antibacterial (cefepime, meropenem, vancomycin, and piperacillin-tazobactam) gradient plates produced in Mueller-Hinton Agar. The susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole and the biofilm formation of the yeasts were tested before and after exposure to the antibacterials. None of the antibacterials exerted a significant effect on the in vitro susceptibility of the yeasts to the antifungal agents or on their ability to form biofilms. These results suggest that increased candidemia in ICU patients is not attributable to possible alterations in the yeasts, but is more likely caused by a weakening of the patient's general condition after long exposure to infection.

O uso de cateter venoso central (CVC) e antibióticos de amplo espectro estão entre os principais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da candidemia em pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI). É conhecido que alguns antibióticos aumentam a resistência das leveduras aos antifúngicos azólicos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se leveduras presentes em colonização de CVC expostas a antibióticos que atuam em parede celular se beneficiam de uma redução na suscetibilidade ao fluconazol e voriconazol e se obtêm maior capacidade de formar biofilme. Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata,C. parapsilosis e C. guilhermondii foram semeadas em placas de Mueller-Hinton Agar, com gradientes de antibióticos (cefepima, meropenem, vancomicina e piperacilina-tazobactam). A suscetibilidade e a formação de biofilme das leveduras foram testadas antes e após a exposição aos antibióticos. Nenhum dos antibióticos provocou alterações detectáveis in vitro sobre a suscetibilidade das leveduras aos antifúngicos ou à capacidade de formar biofilme. Estes resultados sugerem que o aumento da candidemia na UTI não seria atribuído a possíveis alterações provocadas nas leveduras e sim pelo enfraquecimento da condição geral do paciente após longa exposição à infecção.

Colonization of the oral cavity by yeasts in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of yeast in the oral cavity of patients with chronic renal failure, undergoing hemodialysis (PCRFH); identification and antifungal susceptibility profile of yeast and demographic profile of patients. METHODS: We performed mouthwash in 146 PCRFH; the rinse fluid was collected and cultured, yeasts grown were identified by phenotypic and molecular methods. The antifungal susceptibility profile was determined against nystatin, amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, and caspofungin based in Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (document M27-A3). RESULTS: Positive culture was observed in 39% of patients, of whom 53% were women; the median of dialysis time was 2.9 years. The age of the colonized patients varied between 26 and 84 years, with a median of 52.5 years. PCRFH over 45 years were significantly more colonized (P = 0.0108) as well as denture wearers (84.0%). We isolated 81 yeasts, predominantly Candida albicans (63%) followed by Candida glabrata. In general, yeasts were sensitive to the evaluated antifungal agents, but there was significant variation in the minimum inhibitory concentration, especially among non-C. albicans Candida (NCAC) compared to fluconazole, caspofungin, and amphotericin B. NCAC required significantly higher concentrations of fluconazole (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The rate of colonization by yeasts in PCRFH was high, and there was variability in species distribution and antifungal susceptibility profile. These results are little known in this group of patients and are important for controlling the risk of developing invasive fungal infections.

Dermatoscopia das lesões pigmentadas na face: um desafio diagnóstico / Dermoscopy of pigmented lesions of the face: a diagnostic challenge

A dermatoscopia do lentigo maligno na face tem parâmetros confiáveis e bem testados para sua diagnose. Algumas lesões benignas, como as queratoses actínicas pigmentadas, apresentam, contudo, aspectos dermatoscópicos comuns aos lentigos malignos, dificultando a correta diagnose. Isso muitas vezes leva a excisões desnecessárias de lesões benignas. Este artigo discute esses parâmetros morfológicos no escopo de analisar os pontos em comum entre lentigo maligno e queratose actínica pigmentada com a dermatoscopia, assim como coteja os aspectos já descritos para a diagnose das queratoses actínicas pigmentadas.

Dermoscopy of lentigo maligna on the face has reliable and well-tested parameters for its diagnosis. However, some benign lesions such as pigmented actinic keratoses have dermoscopic aspects that are common in malignant lentigo, making the correct diagnosis difficult. This fact often leads to unnecessary excisions of benign lesions. The present article discusses these morphological parameters in light of the dermoscopic analysis of the commonalities between lentigo maligna and pigmented actinic keratosis, also touching upon the aspects already described for the diagnosis of pigmented actinic keratoses.

Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin / Monitorização terapêutica da vancomicina

The present study aimed to characterize admitted patients in a public hospital in the Northwestern region of Paraná State, which were subject to therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin during 2007 and 2008. The data were obtained by a retrospective study of patients' medical records, from where we separated the laboratory results, medical prescriptions, gender, age, and diagnosis of patients submitted to therapeutic monitoring. Of the total of 38 patients, only eight (21.1%) presented serum concentrations within recommended range, varying from 1.3 to 47.9 mg L-1. Concentrations above the reference value were observed in 22 patients (57.9%), and below the reference, in other eight patients (21.1%). The recommended serum concentrations at peak were obtained in only four patients (11.4%), higher than the recommended value in seven patients (20.0%), and lower, in 24 patients (68.6%). Only one patient (2.6%) presented serum concentration within the reference values at both high and low dosages. Therefore, the results evidenced the importance of therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin, individualizing the dose for each patient, and reducing toxic or subtherapeutic effects of this antimicrobial substance

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a caracterização dos pacientes internados em um hospital público da região Noroeste do Estado do Paraná que foram submetidos à monitorização terapêutica da vancomicina no período de 2007 a 2008. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de um estudo retrospectivo dos prontuários dos pacientes. Foram separados para este estudo os resultados laboratoriais, prescrições médicas, gênero, idade e diagnóstico dos pacientes que foram submetidos à monitorização terapêutica de vancomicina. Do total de 38 pacientes, em apenas oito (21,1%) as concentrações séricas no vale se encontravam na faixa recomendada variando de 1,3 a 47,9 mg L- 1. Foram observadas concentrações acima do valor de referência em 22 pacientes (57,9%) e concentrações abaixo do valor de referência em outros oito pacientes (21,1%). As concentrações séricas recomendadas no pico foram obtidas em apenas quatro pacientes (11,4%), acima do valor de referência em sete pacientes (20,0%) e abaixo em 24 pacientes (68,6%). Apenas um paciente (2,6%) apresentou o nível sérico de vancomicina dentro do valor de referência em ambas as dosagens de pico e vale. Diante desses dados, confirmamos a necessidade da realização da monitorização terapêutica da vancomicina, individualizando a dose minimizando os efeitos tóxicos ou subterapêuticos do antimicrobiano.

Dermoscopy of Bowen's disease: pigmented variant on the penis.

Pigmented Bowen's disease (PBD) is a variant of squamous cell carcinoma in situ and represents less than 2% of cases of Bowen's disease. It is characterized by a sharply demarcated, pigmented plaque with a scaly or crusted surface on intertriginous and genital areas. The authors describe a case of PBD on the penis and analyze the dermoscopic aspects of this type of lesion.

Dermoscopy of Bowen's disease: pigmented variant on the penis / Dermatoscopia da doença de Bowen: variante pigmentada no pênis

Pigmented Bowen's disease (PBD) is a variant of squamous cell carcinoma in situ and represents less than 2% of cases of Bowen's disease. It is characterized by a sharply demarcated, pigmented plaque with a scaly or crusted surface on intertriginous and genital areas. The authors describe a case of PBD on the penis and analyze the dermoscopic aspects of this type of lesion.

A doença de Bowen Pigmentada (DBP) é uma variante do carcinoma espinocelular in situ e compreende menos de 2% dos casos da Doença de Bowen. Apresenta-se como placa pigmentada, hiperqueratósica, delimitada, localizada em áreas intertriginosas e anogenital. Os autores descrevem um caso de DBP no pênis e abordam os aspectos dermatoscópicos dessa lesão.

Detecção de melanomas pequenos / Detection of small melanomas

Relatamos 4 casos clínicos de melanomas pequenos detectados pela dermatoscopia associada aos dados clínicos e à fotografia corporal total com monitoramento sistemático. Nos melanomas pequenos nem sempre os achados dermatoscópicos isoladamente, são suficientes para a correta indicação da biópsia excisional para exame anátomo-patológico.

Four clinical cases of small melanomas detected by dermoscopy associated with clinical data and total body photographs with systematic monitoring are described. In small melanomas, dermatoscopic findings alone are not always sufficient to correctly indicate the excisional biopsies used in anatomical-pathological examinations.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome as a complication of generalized pustular psoriasis.

Since 1991, eight cases of pulmonary leak capilary syndrome have been described associated with pustular or erythrodermic psoriasis induced or not by the use of acitretin or sirolimus - being one of the cases, fatal. We report the case of a female patient with diagnosed GPP or von Zumbusch and multiple hospitalizations due to such condition. At that time, the condition was evolving with pulmonary onset and resolution with corticosteroids. The patient was not using any previously described medication that could precipitate pulmonary condition (methotrexate and acitretin). This is a rare complication associated with psoriasis which has not been described in Brazilian patients so far.