A case of bleeding shock induced by injury of the intercostal artery following percutaneous nephrolithotripsy.

Introduction: The risk of postoperative bleeding complications should be concerned to perform percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Most of the vascular injuries occurred at the peripheral renal artery in the previous reports. We experienced a case of bleeding shock induced by the injury of the intercostal artery in the abdominal wall following percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Case presentation: A 56-year-old woman had been in the bleeding shock status on the 2nd day after percutaneous nephrolithotoripsy. Emergently, contrast-enhanced computed tomography was performed and extravasation of contrast agents was seen in the abdominal wall. Injuries of the intercostal artery were identified in the angiography and controlled by transcatheter arterial embolization. Conclusion: The intercostal arteries could be injured in the anterolateral zone of the abdominal wall over the end of the ribs. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography was useful to detect the bleeding point. Transcatheter arterial embolization was an effective and safe method to control bleedings from them.

Pediatric cystine stone successfully treated by mini-percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and antegrade ureteroscopy.

Introduction: Cystinuria is often diagnosed by large renal stone for pediatric patients. The patients suffer from recurrence of stone disease, develop the chronic kidney disease and fall into end-stage renal failure. Total removal of stone at the first intervention and prevention of recurrence are essential. Although, it is difficult to treat the pediatric stone patients for their anatomical feature. Case presentation: We report three cases of pediatric cystine stone patients (two 4-year-old boys and a 9-year-old girl) successfully treated by mini-percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and antegrade ureteroscopy. We could remove stones completely in all three cases, and the patients did not suffer from major complications. Conclusion: It is essential to select the surgical approach, the endourological device, and the patient's position which is suitable for the age, the body size, and the condition of stones at the initial intervention of pediatric cystine stone.

Changes in MCM2-7 proteins at senescence.

Cellular aging is characterized by the loss of DNA replication capability and is mainly brought about by various changes in chromatin structure. Here, we examined changes in MCM2-7 proteins, which act as a replicative DNA helicase, during aging of human WI38 fibroblasts at the single-cell level. We used nuclear accumulation of p21 as a marker of senescent cells, and examined changes in MCM2-7 by western blot analysis. First, we found that senescent cells are enriched for cells with a DNA content higher than 4N. Second, the levels of MCM2, MCM3, MCM4 and MCM6 proteins decreased in senescent cells. Third, cytoplasmic localization of MCM2 and MCM7 was observed in senescent cells, from an analysis of MCM2-7 except for MCM5. Consistent with this finding, fragmented MCM2 was predominant in these cells. These age-dependent changes in MCM2-7, a protein complex that directly affects cellular DNA replication, may play a critical role in cellular senescence.

One-pot cross double-Mannich reaction of acetaldehyde catalyzed by a binaphthyl-based amino sulfonamide.

A one-pot cross double-Mannich reaction of acetaldehyde was developed, and densely functionalized 1,3-diamines were obtained as a single stereoisomer by use of axially chiral amino sulfonamide (S)-1 as catalyst. Using this catalyst, the one-pot Mannich reaction-aminoxylation was also realized.

A designer axially chiral amino sulfonamide as an efficient organocatalyst for direct asymmetric anti-selective Mannich reactions and syn-selective cross-aldol reactions.

A direct asymmetric Mannich reaction using a novel axially chiral amino sulfonamide (S)-3 that is highly anti- and enantioselective has been developed. For instance, in the presence of a catalytic amount of (S)-3, the reactions between aldehydes and alpha-imino esters proceeded smoothly to give anti Mannich products with a significantly higher anti/syn ratio and enantioselectivity than previously possible. By utilizing N-Boc-protected aromatic imines instead of alpha-imino esters, the synthetically useful Boc protecting group and various aromatic or heteroaromatic substituents were installed into the anti Mannich products and consequently the substrate scope of the anti-selective Mannich reaction and the synthetic utility of the anti Mannich products have been expanded. The axially chiral amino sulfonamide (S)-3 has also been successfully applied to asymmetric direct cross-aldol reaction between two different aldehydes. The catalyst (S)-3 has the advantage of giving mainly syn products, whereas proline shows the opposite anti selectivity.

A designer axially chiral amino sulfonamide as an efficient organocatalyst for direct asymmetric mannich reactions of N-Boc-protected imines.

The moderate nucleophilicity of the axially chiral amino sulfonamide (S)-1 suppresses the problematic side reactions, including aldol reactions, in the asymmetric Mannich reaction of N-Boc-protected imines with aldehydes. The corresponding adducts are obtained in good yield and excellent stereoselectivity (see scheme; Boc = tert-butoxycarbonyl, Tf = trifluoromethanesulfonyl).

anti-selective direct asymmetric Mannich reactions catalyzed by axially chiral amino sulfonamide as an organocatalyst.

A direct asymmetric Mannich reaction using a novel axially chiral amino trifluoromethanesulfonamide (S)-3 has been developed in highly anti-selective and enantioselective manners. Thus, in the presence of a catalytic amount of (S)-3, the reactions between aldehydes and the alpha-imino ester 4 proceed smoothly to give the functional beta-amino aldehydes with significantly higher anti/syn ratio and enantioselectivity than previously possible.