ABSTRACT
To evaluate the suitability of GlideScope Ranger, endotracheal intubation was performed in 100 surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia. The time to complete intubation, percentage of glottic opening score and optimizing procedures were recorded. GlideScope Ranger allowed visualization of the glottis and successful intubation in all 100 patients, including two patients with difficult airway. Endotracheal intubation was performed within one minute in 81 cases, and percentage of glottic opening score of 75% or more was obtained in 75 cases. It was easily handled not only by experienced anesthetists but also by novice personnel. GlideScope Ranger could be an effective aid to airway management in surgical patients.
Subject(s)
Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation , Laryngoscopes , Video Recording/instrumentation , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Anesthesia, General , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
Continuous oral feeding of enzymatic hydrolysate of porcine skin collagen showed an antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). We isolated an angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide, Gly-Phe-Hyp-Gly-Pro (IC(50)=91 microM), from the hydrolysate, but the ACE inhibitory activities of the other peptides isolated were weak. Although the ACE inhibitory activity of Gly-Pro (IC(50)=360 microM) was not potent, Gly-Pro exists in collagen as a large number of repeated sequences. We then examined the antihypertensive effect of Gly-Pro. Orally administered Gly-Pro at 500 mg/kg significantly decreased the blood pressure of SHRs, and at 50 mg/kg it also showed a tendency to lower the blood pressure. Oral administration of Gly-Phe-Hyp-Gly-Pro (10 or 30 mg/kg) also decreased the blood pressure of SHRs.
Subject(s)
Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology , Collagen/metabolism , Dipeptides/pharmacology , Enzymes/metabolism , Peptide Fragments/pharmacology , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Antihypertensive Agents/chemistry , Antihypertensive Agents/metabolism , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Body Weight/drug effects , Dipeptides/chemistry , Dipeptides/therapeutic use , Hydrolysis , Hypertension/drug therapy , Hypertension/physiopathology , Male , Peptide Fragments/chemistry , Peptide Fragments/therapeutic use , Rats , Rats, Inbred SHRABSTRACT
A series of N-acyl derivatives of tyramine, tryptamine, and serotonin were synthesized and tested on anti-melanogenic activity. The serotonin derivatives such as N-caffeoylserotonin (3) and N-protocatechuoylserotonin (9) were inhibitory to tyrosinase from mouse B16 and human HMV-II melanoma cells, while the corresponding derivatives of tryptamine and 5-methoxytryptamine were almost inactive or less active than the serotonin derivatives. The inhibitory activity of the serotonin derivatives increased with increasing number of phenolic hydroxyl groups in the acyl moiety. Melanin formation in the culture of B16 cells was suppressed by 3 and 9 with no cytotoxicity in the concentration range tested (IC(50)=15, 3 and 111muM for 3, 9, and kojic acid, respectively). Thus the N-acylserotonin derivatives having a dihydroxyphenyl group are potential anti-melanogenic agents. Their inhibition of tyrosinase is primarily performed through the 5-hydroxyindole moiety and further strengthened by the phenolic hydroxyl groups in the acyl moiety.
Subject(s)
Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Melanoma/drug therapy , Monophenol Monooxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Phenols/chemical synthesis , Serotonin/analogs & derivatives , Serotonin/chemical synthesis , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Design , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Humans , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Melanoma, Experimental , Mice , Models, Chemical , Monophenol Monooxygenase/chemistry , Phenol/chemistry , Phenols/pharmacology , Pyrones/chemistry , Serotonin/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Orally administered methanol extract of Passiflora edulis rind (10 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg) or luteolin (50 mg/kg), which is one of consistent polyphenols of the extract, significantly lowered systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Quantitative analysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed that the extract contained 20 microg/g dry weight of luteolin and 41 microg/g dry weight of luteolin-6-C-glucoside. It also contained gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 2.4 mg/g dry weight by LC-MS/MS or 4.4 mg/g dry weight by amino acid analysis) which has been reported to be an antihypertensive material. Since the extract contained a relatively high concentration of GABA, the antihypertensive effect of the extract in SHRs might be due mostly to the GABA-induced antihypertensive effect and partially to the vasodilatory effect of polyphenols including luteolin.
Subject(s)
Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology , Passiflora/chemistry , Animals , Antihypertensive Agents/administration & dosage , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Chromatography, Liquid , Hypertension/drug therapy , Phytotherapy , Plant Bark/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Inbred SHRABSTRACT
We discovered that luteolin, a typical flavonoid contained in various kinds of plants, inhibits the secretion and gene expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor regulating blood pressure, in porcine aortic endothelial cells. Its ED50 was about 10 microM. In addition, the inhibition of ET-1 by a glycoside compound of luteolin (luteolin-6-C-glucoside) was weak.
Subject(s)
Endothelin-1/metabolism , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Luteolin/pharmacology , Animals , Base Sequence , DNA Primers , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Endothelin-1/genetics , Endothelium, Vascular/cytology , Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , SwineABSTRACT
A water-soluble phospholipid-like polymer, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-n-stearyl methacrylate) (PMC(18), average molecular weight = 4.3 x 10(4)), at a concentration (0.5-5 mg/ml) showing no inhibition of cell proliferation, stimulated insulin release from RINm5F rat insulinoma cells in a concentration- and time-related manner. But poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) and other synthetic phospholipid-like polymers failed to stimulate insulin release.
