ABSTRACT
A unique diatom (Entomoneis sp.) was isolated from a larger foraminifera (Marginopora vertebralis) and was successfully mass cultured. 6-Sulfo-O-alpha-D-quinovopyranosyldiacylglycerol was isolated from this diatom as an Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitor.
ABSTRACT
Isolation of zooxanthellatoxins, novel vasoconstrictive substances from the zooxanthella Symbiodinium sp. Toxicon 31, 371-376, 1993. New polyhydroxypolyenes with potent vasoconstrictive activity, zooxanthellatoxin-A and -B, were isolated from a symbiotic marine alga Symbiodinium sp. These compounds caused sustained contractions of isolated rabbit aorta at concentrations above 7 x 10(-7) M; this effect was abolished in Ca(2+)-free solution or in the presence of verapamil. Both compounds were relatively large molecules (mol. wt about 2900), containing a large number of oxygen atoms and olefinic carbons, thus differing from two other vasoconstrictive marine toxins, palytoxin and maitotoxin, in containing more olefins than palytoxin, and fewer ethereal rings than maitotoxin.
Subject(s)
Marine Toxins/isolation & purification , Polyenes/isolation & purification , Vasoconstrictor Agents/isolation & purification , Animals , Aorta, Thoracic/chemistry , Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose , Dinoflagellida , In Vitro Techniques , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Male , Marine Toxins/pharmacology , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects , Polyenes/pharmacology , Rabbits , Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment , Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology , Verapamil/pharmacologySubject(s)
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/isolation & purification , Dinoflagellida/chemistry , Animals , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/chemistry , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Furans/chemistry , Furans/isolation & purification , Furans/therapeutic use , Heterocyclic Compounds , Humans , Leukemia L1210/drug therapy , Macrolides , Mice , Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effectsABSTRACT
A fourth cytotoxic macrolide, amphidinolide D[1], together with known amphidinolide B[2], has been isolated from a different batch of the cultured dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp., which was symbiotically associated with an Okinawan flatworm Amphiscolops sp. Two-dimensional nmr experiments including 1H-detected heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (HMBC) resulted in the structure assignment of 1 and structure revision of the diene moiety (C-13-C-15) of amphidinolide B.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/isolation & purification , Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic , Bridged Bicyclo Compounds/pharmacology , Bridged-Ring Compounds/pharmacology , Dinoflagellida/analysis , Animals , Bridged Bicyclo Compounds/isolation & purification , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Structure , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
A novel sphingosine derivative, symbioramide, has been isolated from the laboratory-cultured dinoflagellate Symbiodinium sp. as a sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)Ca2+-ATPase activator, and its structure elucidated to be 1 on the basis of spectral and chemical means.
Subject(s)
Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism , Dinoflagellida/analysis , Sphingosine/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Enzyme Activation , Rabbits , Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/enzymology , Sphingosine/isolation & purification , Sphingosine/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The retina of the distal and proximal lens-bearing complex ocelli are composed of pigmented sensory cells and long pigmented cells. A ciliary sheath from each sensory cell, together with the processes of long pigmented cells, extends through the vitreous layer as far as the capsule that envelops the lens. Each ciliary sheath has several ballon-like swellings and the ciliary microtubules, arranged in the 9+2 pattern in the proximal part, are markedly disorganized distally in the swollen parts, out of which extends most of the microvilli in the vitreous layer. It is suggested that some of the microvilli may originate in vesicles that are constricted off from the surface of the pigmented sensory cells. Closely packed microvilli run in parallel in short bundles. In addition to characteristic junctions between sensory cells, junctions that are presumably synaptic and, of a new type in coelenterates, are observed between sensory cells and nerve endings.
