Adhesion Control of Branched Catecholic Polymers by Acid Stimulation.

Biomimetic material design is a useful method for producing new functional materials. In recent years, catecholic polymers inspired from the adhesion mechanism of marine organisms have attracted attention. Here, we demonstrated the preparation of catecholic polymers by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of an acetonide-protected catecholic monomer, that is, N-(2-(2,2-dimethylbenzo-1,3-dioxol-5-yl)ethyl)-acrylamide (DDEA). By selecting the specific RAFT reagents, well-defined branched PDDEA and linear PDDEA were obtained. These PDDEA samples showed stronger adhesion strength after deprotection by acid stimulation compared with that before deprotection. In addition, we demonstrated the adhesion control of synthetic polymers by photoirradiation in the presence of photoacid generators, which decompose under light and release an acid.

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) as a Potential Therapeutic Target and a Noninvasive Biomarker of Liver Fibrosis Associated With Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder in Down Syndrome.

Liver fibrosis is one of the common complications of transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) in Down syndrome (DS), but the exact molecular pathogenesis is largely unknown. We herein report a neonate of DS with liver fibrosis associated with TMD, in which we performed the serial profibrogenic cytokines analyses. We found the active monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in the affected liver tissue and also found that both serum and urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 concentrations are noninvasive biomarkers of liver fibrosis. We also showed a prospective of the future anticytokine therapy with herbal medicine for the liver fibrosis associated with TMD in DS.

Adoption of structured abstracts by general medical journals and format for a structured abstract.

BACKGROUND: The use of a structured abstract has been recommended in reporting medical literature to quickly convey necessary information to editors and readers. The use of structured abstracts increased during the mid-1990s; however, recent practice has yet to be analyzed. OBJECTIVES: This article explored actual reporting patterns of abstracts recently published in selected medical journals and examined what these journals required of abstracts (structured or otherwise and, if structured, which format). METHODS: The top thirty journals according to impact factors noted in the "Medicine, General and Internal" category of the ISI Journal Citation Reports (2000) were sampled. Articles of original contributions published by each journal in January 2001 were examined. Cluster analysis was performed to classify the patterns of structured abstracts objectively. Journals' instructions to authors for writing an article abstract were also examined. RESULTS: Among 304 original articles that included abstracts, 188 (61.8%) had structured and 116 (38.2%) had unstructured abstracts. One hundred twenty-five (66.5%) of the abstracts used the introduction, methods, results, and discussion (IMRAD) format, and 63 (33.5%) used the 8-heading format proposed by Haynes et al. Twenty-one journals requested structured abstracts in their instructions to authors; 8 journals requested the 8-heading format; and 1 journal requested it only for intervention studies. CONCLUSIONS: Even in recent years, not all abstracts of original articles are structured. The eight-heading format was neither commonly used in actual reporting patterns nor noted in journal instructions to authors.