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1.
J Microbiol Biotechnol ; 34(3): 689-699, 2024 Mar 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38346819

ABSTRACT

Colitis is a major gastrointestinal disease that threatens human health. In this study, a synbiotic composed of inulin and Pediococcus acidilactici (P. acidilactici) was investigated for its ability to alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The results revealed that the synbiotic, composed of inulin and P. acidilactici, attenuated the body weight loss and disease activity index (DAI) score in mice with DSS-mediated colitis. Determination of biochemical indicators found that the synbiotic increased anti-oxidation and alleviated inflammation in mice. Additionally, histopathological examination revealed that colonic goblet cell loss and severe mucosal damage in the model group were significantly reversed by the combination of inulin and P. acidilactici. Moreover, synbiotic treatment significantly reduced the levels of IL-1ß, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the serum of mice. Thus, a synbiotic composed of inulin and P. acidilactici has preventive and therapeutic effects on DSSinduced colitis in mice.


Subject(s)
Colitis, Ulcerative , Colitis , Pediococcus acidilactici , Synbiotics , Humans , Animals , Mice , Colitis, Ulcerative/chemically induced , Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy , Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology , Inulin/pharmacology , Dextran Sulfate/toxicity , Colitis/chemically induced , Colon/pathology , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Disease Models, Animal
2.
Microb Pathog ; 175: 105991, 2023 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36649780

ABSTRACT

Gut microbes and their metabolites are essential for maintaining host health and production. The intestinal microflora of pre-weaned calves gradually tends to mature with growth and development and has high plasticity, but few studies have explored the dynamic changes of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in pre-weaned beef calves. In this study, we tracked the dynamics of faecal microbiota in 13 new-born calves by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysed changes in faecal amino acid levels using metabolomics. Calves were divided into the relatively high average daily gain group (HA) and the relatively low average daily gain group (LA) for comparison. The results demonstrated that the alpha diversity of the faecal microbiota increased with calf growth and development. The abundance of Porphyromonadaceae bacterium DJF B175 increased in the HA group, while that of Lactobacillus reuteri decreased. The results of the LEfSe analysis showed that the microbiota of faeces of HA calves at eight weeks of age was enriched with P. bacterium DJF B175, while Escherichia coli and L. reuteri were enriched in the microbiota of faeces of LA calves. Besides, the total amino acid concentration decreased significantly in the eighth week compared with that in the first week (P < 0.05). Overall, even under the same management conditions, microorganisms and their metabolites interact to play different dynamic regulatory roles. Our results provide new insights into changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites of pre-weaned calves.


Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Limosilactobacillus reuteri , Microbiota , Animals , Cattle , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Feces/microbiology , Bacteria/genetics , Escherichia coli/genetics
3.
Front Microbiol ; 13: 1091712, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36532435

ABSTRACT

In this study, we aimed to characterize the anti-type 2 diabetes (T2D) effects of Gastrodia elata Blume extract (GEBE) and determine whether these are mediated through modification of the gut microbiota and bile acids. Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), with or without GEBE, and we found that GEBE significantly ameliorated the HFD-induced hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation by upregulating glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and inhibiting the toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway in white adipose tissue (WAT). In addition, we found that GEBE increased the abundance of Faecalibaculum and Lactobacillus, and altered the serum bile acid concentrations, with a significant increase in deoxycholic acid. The administration of combined antibiotics to mice to eliminate their intestinal microbiota caused a loss of the protective effects of GEBE. Taken together, these findings suggest that GEBE ameliorates T2D by increasing GLUT4 expression in WAT, remodeling the gut microbiota, and modifying serum bile acid concentrations.

4.
Oncol Lett ; 19(1): 476-486, 2020 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31897161

ABSTRACT

Screening for genes or markers relevant to bladder cancer (BC) tumorigenesis and progression is of vital clinical significance. The present study used reverse-transcription quantitative PCR reaction assays to examine the expression of mRNA encoding Rho GTPase-activating protein 9 (ARHGAP9) in BC tissue samples and to determine whether ARHGAP9 is an independent prognostic biomarker for non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC) and muscle invasive BC (MIBC). The results revealed that the downregulation of ARHGAP9 expression in the tissue of patients with NMIBC or MIBC was significantly associated with a poor prognosis. In patients with NMIBC, a high expression of ARHGAP9 was significantly associated with prolonged recurrence-free survival, whereas in MIBC patients, it was significantly associated with an increased progression-free and cancer-specific survival. The risk of cancer-specific death was 2.923 times higher (95% confidence interval, 1.192-7.163) when ARHGAP9 levels were decreased. In conclusion, lower expressions of ARHGAP9 correlated with BC prognosis, indicating that it may be a useful marker for guiding treatment application.

5.
J Korean Med Sci ; 33(47): e303, 2018 Nov 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30450027

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cell division cycle 6 (CDC6) is an essential regulator of DNA replication and plays important roles in the activation and maintenance of the checkpoint mechanisms in the cell cycle. CDC6 has been associated with oncogenic activities in human cancers; however, the clinical significance of CDC6 in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether the CDC6 mRNA expression level is a diagnostic and prognostic marker in PCa. METHODS: The study subjects included 121 PCa patients and 66 age-matched benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. CDC6 expression was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical (IH) staining, and then compared according to the clinicopathological characteristics of PCa. RESULTS: CDC6 mRNA expression was significantly higher in PCa tissues than in BPH control tissues (P = 0.005). In addition, CDC6 expression was significantly higher in patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (> 20 ng/mL), a high Gleason score, and advanced stage than in those with low PSA levels, a low Gleason score, and earlier stage, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high expression of CDC6 was significantly associated with advanced stage (≥ T3b) (odds ratio [OR], 3.005; confidence interval [CI], 1.212-7.450; P = 0.018) and metastasis (OR, 4.192; CI, 1.079-16.286; P = 0.038). Intense IH staining for CDC6 was significantly associated with a high Gleason score and advanced tumor stage including lymph node metastasis stage (linear-by-linear association, P = 0.044 and P = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSION: CDC6 expression is associated with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics in PCa. CDC6 may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in PCa patients.


Subject(s)
Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism , Nuclear Proteins/metabolism , Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Area Under Curve , Case-Control Studies , Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics , Humans , Logistic Models , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasm Staging , Nuclear Proteins/genetics , Odds Ratio , Prostatic Hyperplasia/metabolism , Prostatic Hyperplasia/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism , ROC Curve
6.
Oncotarget ; 7(36): 58193-58202, 2016 Sep 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27528424

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is growing interest in circulating nucleic acids as cancer detection biomarkers. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify a key urinary cell-free RNA marker that may assist in the diagnosis of BC. RESULTS: Five cell-free RNAs were selected as candidate cell-free RNAs from tissue microarray data. An area under the curve (AUC) cut-off value of 0.7 in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified four urinary cell-free RNAs for further analysis (CDC20, ESM1, UBE2C, and CA9; AUC = 0.716, 0.704, 0.721, and 0.702, respectively). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that high expression of UBE2C was significantly associated with BC (OR, 1.754; CI, 1.147-2.682; p = 0.010). Analysis of UBE2C expression in urine samples from BC patients and hematuria controls yielded an AUC of 0.839, with a sensitivity of 82.5% and a specificity of 76.2%. UBE2C levels was significantly increased in G2 and G3 tumors compared to normal controls (p <0.001, respectively). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urine samples from 212 BC patients and 106 normal controls (64 healthy individuals and 42 with hematuria) were examined. The candidate cell-free RNAs identified from tissue microarrays derived from BC and normal control tissues was then measured in the urine samples. CONCLUSIONS: The levels of urinary UBE2C cell-free RNA were significantly higher in BC samples than in normal and hematuria control samples. The higher levels of urinary UBE2C cell-free RNA in BC might reflect high expression in BC tissues. Therefore, urinary UBE2C cell-free RNA may be a valuable diagnostic marker for BC.


Subject(s)
Cell-Free Nucleic Acids/urine , Hematuria/urine , RNA/urine , Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/genetics , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/urine , Aged , Area Under Curve , Biomarkers, Tumor/urine , Cell-Free Nucleic Acids/isolation & purification , Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Female , Fluorescent Dyes , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasm Staging , RNA/isolation & purification , ROC Curve , Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/metabolism , Urinary Bladder/pathology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
7.
Int Neurourol J ; 20(2): 122-30, 2016 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27377944

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Previously, we reported the presence of virus-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) in the urine of prostate cancer (CaP) patients. In this study, we investigated the expression of two herpes virus-encoded miRNAs in prostate tissue. METHODS: A total of 175 tissue samples from noncancerous benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 248 tissue samples from patients with CaP and BPH, and 50 samples from noncancerous surrounding tissues from these same patients were analyzed for the expression of two herpes virus-encoded miRNAs by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunocytochemistry using nanoparticles as molecular beacons. RESULTS: Real-time reverse transcription-PCR results revealed significantly higher expression of hsv1-miR-H18 and hsv2-miRH9- 5p in surrounding noncancerous and CaP tissues than that in BPH tissue (each comparison, P<0.001). Of note, these miRNA were expressed equivalently in the CaP tissues and surrounding noncancerous tissues. Moreover, immunocytochemistry clearly demonstrated a significant enrichment of both hsv1-miR-H18 and hsv2-miR-H9 beacon-labeled cells in CaP and surrounding noncancerous tissue compared to that in BPH tissue (each comparison, P<0.05 for hsv1-miR-H18 and hsv2- miR-H9). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that increased expression of hsv1-miR-H18 and hsv2-miR-H95p might be associated with tumorigenesis in the prostate. Further studies will be required to elucidate the role of these miRNAs with respect to CaP and herpes viral infections.

8.
Yonsei Med J ; 57(4): 865-71, 2016 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27189278

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Our previous high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry study identified bladder cancer (BCA)-specific urine metabolites, including carnitine, acylcarnitines, and melatonin. The objective of the current study was to determine which metabolic pathways are perturbed in BCA, based on our previously identified urinary metabolome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 135 primary BCA samples and 26 control tissue samples from healthy volunteers were analyzed. The association between specific urinary metabolites and their related encoding genes was analyzed. RESULTS: Significant alterations in the carnitine-acylcarnitine and tryptophan metabolic pathways were detected in urine specimens from BCA patients compared to those of healthy controls. The expression of eight genes involved in the carnitine-acylcarnitine metabolic pathway (CPT1A, CPT1B, CPT1C, CPT2, SLC25A20, and CRAT) or tryptophan metabolism (TPH1 and IDO1) was assessed by RT-PCR in our BCA cohort (n=135). CPT1B, CPT1C, SLC25A20, CRAT, TPH1, and IOD1 were significantly downregulated in tumor tissues compared to normal bladder tissues (p<0.05 all) of patients with non-muscle invasive BCA, whereas CPT1B, CPT1C, CRAT, and TPH1 were downregulated in those with muscle invasive BCA (p<0.05), with no changes in IDO1 expression. CONCLUSION: Alterations in the expression of genes associated with the carnitine-acylcarnitine and tryptophan metabolic pathways, which were the most perturbed pathways in BCA, were determined.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism , Carnitine/analogs & derivatives , Metabolic Networks and Pathways/physiology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism , Aged , Biomarkers/metabolism , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/genetics , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology , Carnitine/genetics , Carnitine/metabolism , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
9.
Investig Clin Urol ; 57(2): 106-12, 2016 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26981592

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Topoisomerase-II alpha (TopoIIA ), a DNA gyrase isoform that plays an important role in the cell cycle, is present in normal tissues and various human cancers, and can show altered expression in both. The aim of the current study was to examine the value of urinary TopoIIA cell-free DNA as a noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer (BC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two patient cohorts were examined. Cohort 1 (73 BC patients and seven controls) provided bladder tissue samples, whereas cohort 2 (83 BC patients, 54 nonmalignant hematuric patients, and 61 normal controls) provided urine samples. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure expression of TopoIIA mRNA in tissues and TopoIIA cell-free DNA in urine samples. RESULTS: The results showed that expression of TopoIIA mRNA in BC tissues was significantly higher than that in noncancer control tissues (p<0.001). The expression of urinary TopoIIA cell-free DNA in BC patients was also significantly higher than that in noncancer patient controls and hematuria patients (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). High expression of urinary TopoIIA cell-free DNA was also detected in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) when compared with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) (p=0.002). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to examine the sensitivity/specificity of urinary TopoIIA cell-free DNA for diagnosing BC, NMIBC, and MIBC. The areas under the ROC curve for BC, NMIBC, and MIBC were 0.741, 0.701, and 0.838, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the results of this study provide evidence that cell-free TopoIIA DNA may be a potential biomarker for BC.


Subject(s)
Antigens, Neoplasm/urine , Biomarkers, Tumor/urine , DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/urine , DNA-Binding Proteins/urine , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Cell-Free System , Cohort Studies , DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/genetics , DNA, Neoplasm/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Female , Gene Expression , Hematuria/urine , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasm Staging , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Neoplasm/genetics , Sensitivity and Specificity , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/complications , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
11.
J Korean Med Sci ; 30(12): 1784-92, 2015 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26713053

ABSTRACT

The potential use of urinary nucleic acids as diagnostic markers in prostate cancer (PCa) was evaluated. Ninety-five urine samples and 234 prostate tissue samples from patients with PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were analyzed. Micro-array analysis was used to identify candidate genes, which were verified by the two-gene expression ratio and validated in tissue mRNA and urinary nucleic acid cohorts. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure urinary nucleic acid levels and tissue mRNA expression. The TSPAN13-to-S100A9 ratio was selected to determine the diagnostic value of urinary nucleic acids in PCa (P = 0.037) and shown to be significantly higher in PCa than in BPH in the mRNA and nucleic acid cohort analyses (P < 0.001 and P = 0.013, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.898 and 0.676 in tissue mRNA cohort and urinary nucleic acid cohort, respectively. The TSPAN13-to-S100A9 ratio showed a strong potential as a diagnostic marker for PCa. The present results suggest that the analysis of urine supernatant can be used as a simple diagnostic method for PCa that can be adapted to the clinical setting in the future.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/urine , Calgranulin B/genetics , Nucleic Acids/genetics , Nucleic Acids/urine , Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms/urine , Tetraspanins/genetics , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cohort Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Prostate/metabolism , Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnosis , Prostatic Hyperplasia/genetics , Prostatic Hyperplasia/urine , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , RNA, Neoplasm/genetics , RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism , ROC Curve , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
12.
Int Neurourol J ; 19(2): 74-84, 2015 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26126436

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in biological fluids are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and assessment of urological diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of the study was to identify and validate urinary cell-free miRNAs that can segregate patients with PCa from those with BPH. METHODS: In total, 1,052 urine, 150 serum, and 150 prostate tissue samples from patients with PCa or BPH were used in the study. A urine-based miRNA microarray analysis suggested the presence of differentially expressed urinary miRNAs in patients with PCa, and these were further validated in three independent PCa cohorts, using a quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: The expression levels of hsa-miR-615-3p, hsv1-miR-H18, hsv2-miR-H9-5p, and hsa-miR-4316 were significantly higher in urine samples of patients with PCa than in those of BPH controls. In particular, herpes simplex virus (hsv)-derived hsv1-miR-H18 and hsv2-miR-H9-5p showed better diagnostic performance than did the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test for patients in the PSA gray zone. Furthermore, a combination of urinary hsv2-miR-H9-5p with serum PSA showed high sensitivity and specificity, providing a potential clinical benefit by reducing unnecessary biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that hsv-encoded hsv1-miR-H18 and hsv2-miR-H9-5p are significantly associated with PCa and can facilitate early diagnosis of PCa for patients within the serum PSA gray zone.

13.
PLoS One ; 10(7): e0134552, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26225770

ABSTRACT

Previous studies have shown that c-MET is overexpressed in cases of aggressive bladder cancer (BCa). Identification of crosstalk between c-MET and other RTKs such as AXL and PDGFR suggest that c-MET network genes (c-MET-AXL-PDGFR) may be clinically relevant to BCa. Here, we examine whether expression of c-MET network genes can be used to identify BCa patients at increased risk of developing aggressive disease. In vitro analysis, c-MET knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and increased sensitivity to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. In addition, c-MET network gene (c-MET, AXL, and PDGFR) expression allowed discrimination of BCa tissues from normal control tissues and appeared to predict poor disease progression in non-muscle invasive BCa patients and poor overall survival in muscle invasive BCa patients. These results suggest that c-MET network gene expression is a novel prognostic marker for predicting which BCa patients have an increased risk of developing aggressive disease. These genes might be a useful marker for co-targeting therapy, and are expected to play an important role in improving both response to treatment and survival of BCa patients.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/genetics , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Aged , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cisplatin/therapeutic use , Disease Progression , Down-Regulation , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Humans , Male , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/genetics , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery
14.
Ann Surg Oncol ; 22(7): 2439-45, 2015 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25348783

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Infections and inflammation in the prostate play a critical role in carcinogenesis, and S100A8 and S100A9 are key mediators in acute and chronic inflammation. Therefore, we investigated the differences of S100A8/A9 expression between prostate cancer (CaP) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues, and we evaluated the possibilities of urinary nucleic acids of S100A8/A9 as diagnostic and prognostic markers. METHODS: Tissues from 132 CaP patients who underwent prostatectomy or transurethral resection and 90 BPH patients who underwent transurethral prostatectomy were assessed.sd In addition, S100A8 and S100A9 nucleic acid levels were measured in the urine of 283 CaP patients and 363 BPH controls. RESULTS: S100A8 and S100A9 mRNA levels were lower in CaP than BPH tissues (P < 0.001). S100A8 and S100A9 expression was increased in cancer tissues with poorer prognosis. In 69 specimens from prostatectomy patients, S100A8/A9 were the independent predictor of biochemical recurrence (hazard ratio 5.22, 95 % confidence interval 1.800-15.155, P = 0.002). Immunohistochemical staining revealed that BPH tissues stained more strongly for both S100A8 and S100A9 than CaP tissues (P < 0.001). S100A8 and S100A9 urinary nucleic acid levels were lower in CaP than in BPH (P = 0.001 and <0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: S100A8/A9 levels are lower in CaP than in BPH. Both were more highly expressed in patients with aggressive disease and shorter biochemical recurrence-free time. S100A8/A9 urinary cell-free nucleic acid levels correlated positively with expression levels obtained from tissue staining. Therefore, S100A8/A9 measurement in tissues and urine may have diagnostic and prognostic value in CaP.


Subject(s)
Calgranulin A/analysis , Calgranulin B/analysis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis , Nucleic Acids/analysis , Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Calgranulin A/genetics , Calgranulin A/metabolism , Calgranulin B/genetics , Calgranulin B/metabolism , Case-Control Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/urine , Neoplasm Staging , Nucleic Acids/genetics , Nucleic Acids/metabolism , Prognosis , Prostatic Hyperplasia/genetics , Prostatic Hyperplasia/metabolism , Prostatic Hyperplasia/urine , Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism , Prostatic Neoplasms/urine , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Survival Rate
15.
Urol Oncol ; 32(4): 458-65, 2014 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24411789

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: We evaluated the predictive value of glutathione S transferase mu (GSTM1) and theta (GSTT1) polymorphisms in early response to bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) induction therapy in patients with primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. METHODS: GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction using blood genomic DNA from 135 patients with primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer who were being treated with a single induction course of BCG. BCG nonresponsiveness (early BCG failure) was defined as a tumor recurrence or progression within 12 months after BCG induction therapy. The predictive value of GST polymorphisms was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: Patients carrying a GSTT1-positive genotype demonstrated a higher likelihood of early BCG failure regardless of cigarette smoking. After stratification based on the tumor stage and grade, the high-risk group (T1G3) with a GSTT1-positive genotype showed a 14-fold higher risk of early BCG failure compared with those with a GSTT1-null genotype. In a combined analysis of 2 genes, the GSTT1-positive/GSTM1-null genotype had a higher risk of BCG nonresponsiveness compared with the GSTT1-null/GSTM1-null genotype (odds ratio = 4.17, 95% CI: 1.54-11.26). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the GSTT1-positive genotype was an independent predictor of early BCG failure (odds ratio = 3.67, 95% CI: 1.61-8.38). Kaplan-Meier estimates revealed a significant difference in disease-free survival depending on the GSTT1 genotype (log rank test, P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the GSTT1-positive genotype is an independent predictor of early BCG failure. These results can help determine whether patients would benefit from adjuvant BCG treatment or may require more aggressive alternative therapies.


Subject(s)
BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/genetics , Glutathione Transferase/genetics , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/mortality , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/therapy , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Genotype , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy , Neoplasm Staging , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prognosis , Risk Factors , Smoking , Survival Rate , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/therapy
16.
J Surg Oncol ; 105(4): 425-30, 2012 Mar 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22311819

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We have previously reported that RUNX3 inactivation by promoter hypermethylation correlated with advanced disease and poor clinical outcome in bladder cancer. In this study, we examined primary tumors from non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients in order to investigate the relationship between RUNX3 methylation and disease progression. METHODS: The association between the hypermethylation of RUNX3 and clinicopathological characteristics of 186 NMIBC samples was analyzed using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR). RESULTS: RUNX3 methylation was associated with increased tumor stage, grade, and number of tumors (each P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier estimates revealed significant differences in time to recurrence and progression based on RUNX3 methylation status (P = 0.043 and 0.006, respectively). RUNX3 methylation was an independent predictor of NMIBC progression on univariate and multivariate analysis. Combining tumor grade and RUNX3 methylation status demonstrated that patients with G3 tumors with RUNX3 methylation had a worse progression-free survival compared with the patients with lower-grade or unmethylated tumors [hazard ratio (HR), 19.450]. CONCLUSIONS: RUNX3 methylation status predicted the risk of NMIBC progression independently of tumor stage. In conjunction with tumor grade, RUNX3 methylation status in patients with NMIBC strongly predicts disease progression.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma in Situ/genetics , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/genetics , Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit/genetics , DNA Methylation , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma in Situ/mortality , Carcinoma in Situ/pathology , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/mortality , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology , Child , DNA, Neoplasm/genetics , Disease Progression , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Humans , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prognosis , Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics , Survival Rate , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Young Adult
17.
Urol Oncol ; 30(5): 673-9, 2012 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20884250

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: DNA damage repair mechanisms are a source of genetic mutation and are believed to play an important role in human cancer. Human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) is involved in the recognition and repair of DNA damage. The value of the hOGG1 genotype as a prognostic indicator for bladder cancer (BC) was assessed using a novel technological approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The association between genetic polymorphisms of hOGG1 codon 326 and clinicopathologic characteristics of 337 patients with BC was analyzed using peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-mediated real-time PCR clamping. RESULTS: Tumor grade and size were significantly associated with the hOGG1 codon 326 genotype in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The Cys326Cys polymorphism was significantly associated with progression and cancer specific survival in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the hOGG1 Cys326Cys polymorphism is associated with a protective effect on progression and a more dominant survival benefit than the Ser326Ser polymorphism in MIBC (hazard ratio 0.284 and 0.305, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of genotypes and clinical data for 337 BC patients indicates that the hOGG1 genotype may be a useful prognostic genetic marker for MIBC.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , DNA Glycosylases/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics , Aged , Female , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Muscles/pathology , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Staging , Peptide Nucleic Acids/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction/statistics & numerical data , Prognosis , Proportional Hazards Models , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/enzymology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
18.
J Korean Med Sci ; 26(2): 231-6, 2011 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21286014

ABSTRACT

Tissue genotyping is more useful approach than using blood genomic DNA, which can reflect the effects of the somatic mutations in cancer. Although polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase (GST) have been associated with the risk of bladder cancer (BC) development, few reports provide information about the prognosis of BC. We investigated glutathione S-transferase mu (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT1) genotypes using genomic DNA from primary 165 BC tissue samples to assess the association with disease prognosis. DNA samples from tumor were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results were compared with clinicopathological parameters. The prognostic significance of the GSTs was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression model. Kaplan-Meier estimates revealed significant differences in time to tumor recurrence according to the GSTM1 tissue genotype (P = 0.038) in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Multivariate Cox regression analysis also revealed that the tissue GSTM1 genotype (hazards ratio [HR]: 0.377, P = 0.031) was an independent predictor of bladder tumor recurrence in NMIBC. This identification of GSTM1 tissue genotype as a prognosticator for determining recurrence in NMIBC should prove highly useful in a clinical setting.


Subject(s)
Genotype , Glutathione Transferase/genetics , Isoenzymes/genetics , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/prevention & control , Aged , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Proportional Hazards Models , Recurrence , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
19.
Ann Surg Oncol ; 18(6): 1775-81, 2011 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21184188

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Tissue genotyping is a more useful approach than using blood genomic DNA, because the tumor tissues can reflect the effects of somatic mutations in cancer. We investigated the value of the human oxoguanine glycosylase (hOGG1) genotype determined in tumor tissues as a prognostic indicator for bladder cancer (BC) using a novel technological approach. METHODS: A total of 335 DNA samples from patients with primary BC were analyzed by peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-mediated real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) clamping to characterize the association between genetic polymorphisms within hOGG1 codon 326 and the clinicopathological characteristics of primary BC patients. RESULTS: Tumor stage and number were significantly associated with the hOGG1 codon 326 genotype in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients. Compared with Cys326Ser and Ser326Ser, the Cys326Cys genotype had a greater progression-free survival benefit in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that the hOGG1 Cys326Cys genotype has a protective effect against progression in MIBC (hazard ratio, 0.360 and 0.314, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The hOGG1 tissue genotype is associated with aggressive clinicopathological features in NMIBC and with progression in patients with MIBC. Results suggest that the hOGG1 tissue genotype represents a promising marker for assessing BC prognosis in the clinical setting.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/genetics , DNA Glycosylases/genetics , Muscle Neoplasms/genetics , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics , Peptide Nucleic Acids , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics , Aged , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/therapy , Codon/genetics , Humans , Muscle Neoplasms/pathology , Muscle Neoplasms/therapy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prognosis , Risk Factors , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/therapy
20.
Urol Int ; 86(1): 41-6, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21079384

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Glutathione S-transferases have been implicated in the development of bladder cancer (BC). We investigated the genotype and expression of glutathione S-transferase-mu (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase-theta (GSTT1) in BC tissue specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tumor samples and matched normal mucosae were obtained from 34 patients. Genomic DNA was used to analyze GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. GSTM1 and GSTT1 mRNA levels were measured using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: GSTM1 mRNA expression was lower in tumor tissues than in matched normal bladder mucosae, whereas GSTT1 mRNA expression was significantly higher. GSTT1 mRNA expression was higher in muscle-invasive BC and high-grade cancers than in non-muscle-invasive BC and lower-grade tumors. CONCLUSIONS: GSTT1 is correlated with characteristics of aggressive BC. GSTT1 may play an important role in tumorigenesis and disease progression in patients with BC.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Glutathione Transferase/genetics , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Disease Progression , Female , Genotype , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
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